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FIG. 8 in Systematics and phylogeny of the fossil beaked whales Ziphirostrum du Bus, 1868 and Choneziphius Duvernoy, 1851 (Mammalia, Cetacea, Odontoceti), from the Neogene of Antwerp (North of Belgium)

FIG. 8. — Ziphirostrum marginatum du Bus, 1868 (IRSNB M.1877) from the Deurne Sands Member, late Miocene, Deurne, Antwerp; A, right lateral view of the basicranium; B, ventral view of the right part of the basicranium; C, line drawing in right lateral view; D, line drawing in ventral view. Scale bars: 50 mm.

FIG. 29. — A-D in Systematics and phylogeny of the fossil beaked whales Ziphirostrum du Bus, 1868 and Choneziphius Duvernoy, 1851 (Mammalia, Cetacea, Odontoceti), from the Neogene of Antwerp (North of Belgium)

FIG. 29. — A-D, skull of Aporotus recurvirostris du Bus, 1868 (IRSNB 3812-M.1887, holotype); A, dorsal view; B, right dorsolateral view; C, right lateral view; D, medial view of the right rostral premaxillary crest showing the numerous sulci on the unfused surface; E, F, partial rostrum of Aporotus recurvirostrus du Bus, 1868 (IRSNB 3816-M.1888); E, dorsal view; F, right lateral view. Scale bars: A-C, E, F, 100 mm; D, 50 mm.

FIG. 5 in Systematics and phylogeny of the fossil beaked whales Ziphirostrum du Bus, 1868 and Choneziphius Duvernoy, 1851 (Mammalia, Cetacea, Odontoceti), from the Neogene of Antwerp (North of Belgium)

FIG. 5. — Skull of Ziphirostrum marginatum du Bus, 1868 (IRSNB 3847-M.537); A, dorsal view; B, left lateral view; C, left ventrolateral view and line drawing detailing the palate; D, detail of the vertex in dorsal view. Scale bars: A-C, 100 mm; D, 50 mm.

FIG. 4 in Systematics and phylogeny of the fossil beaked whales Ziphirostrum du Bus, 1868 and Choneziphius Duvernoy, 1851 (Mammalia, Cetacea, Odontoceti), from the Neogene of Antwerp (North of Belgium)

FIG. 4. — Line drawings of the skull of Ziphirostrum marginatum du Bus, 1868 (IRSNB 3845-M.536); A, dorsal view, dotted line indicates limits of the prenarial basin; B, left lateral view, slightly anterior.

FIG. 3 in Systematics and phylogeny of the fossil beaked whales Ziphirostrum du Bus, 1868 and Choneziphius Duvernoy, 1851 (Mammalia, Cetacea, Odontoceti), from the Neogene of Antwerp (North of Belgium)

FIG. 3. — Skull of Ziphirostrum marginatum du Bus, 1868 (IRSNB 3845-M.536); A, dorsal view; B, left lateral view. Scale bar: 100 mm.

FIG. 9 in Systematics and phylogeny of the fossil beaked whales Ziphirostrum du Bus, 1868 and Choneziphius Duvernoy, 1851 (Mammalia, Cetacea, Odontoceti), from the Neogene of Antwerp (North of Belgium)

FIG. 9. — Four detached teeth of Ziphirostrum marginatum du Bus, 1868 (IRSNB M.1877) from the Deurne Sands Member, late Miocene, Deurne, Antwerp. One of the teeth displays a wear facet from contact with an opposite tooth. Scale bar: 10 mm.

FIG. 33. — A in Systematics and phylogeny of the fossil beaked whales Ziphirostrum du Bus, 1868 and Choneziphius Duvernoy, 1851 (Mammalia, Cetacea, Odontoceti), from the Neogene of Antwerp (North of Belgium)

FIG. 33. — A, consensus tree showing the relationships of the fossil ziphiids from the Neogene of Antwerp with other fossil and extant genera; B, one of the four shortest trees. Tree length: 32; RI: 0.94; CI: 0.93. Character-state optimization: acctran. Numbers at each node refer to characters listed in the Appendix 2. Change from state 0 or 1 to state 2 ('); change from state 0, 1 or 2 to state 3 (''); reversal from state 1 to state 0 (*); †, strictly fossil genus.

FIG. 13 in Systematics and phylogeny of the fossil beaked whales Ziphirostrum du Bus, 1868 and Choneziphius Duvernoy, 1851 (Mammalia, Cetacea, Odontoceti), from the Neogene of Antwerp (North of Belgium)

FIG. 13. — Rostrum and anterior part of the cranium of Ziphirostrum turniense du Bus, 1868 (IRSNB 3785-M.539, lectotype); A, dorsal view; B, detail of the base of the rostrum in dorsal view; C, left lateral view. Scale bars: A, C, 100 mm; B, 50 mm.

FIG. 27. — A-C in Systematics and phylogeny of the fossil beaked whales Ziphirostrum du Bus, 1868 and Choneziphius Duvernoy, 1851 (Mammalia, Cetacea, Odontoceti), from the Neogene of Antwerp (North of Belgium)

FIG. 27. — A-C, rostrum and right supraorbital process referred to Ziphiidae aff. Eboroziphius (NMB 002); A, dorsal view; B, right lateral view; C, line drawing of the dorsal view; D-F, rostrum referred to Ziphiidae aff. Eboroziphius (Ziphiopsis servatus sensu du Bus, 1868) (IRSNB 3806-M.540). The median portion of the premaxillary elevation and the premaxillary crest, present on NMB 002, are broken on this specimen; D, dorsal view; E, line drawing of the dorsal view; F, left lateral view. Scale bars: A, B, D, F, 100 mm.

FIG. 32 in Systematics and phylogeny of the fossil beaked whales Ziphirostrum du Bus, 1868 and Choneziphius Duvernoy, 1851 (Mammalia, Cetacea, Odontoceti), from the Neogene of Antwerp (North of Belgium)

FIG. 32. — Rostrum referred to Ziphiidae aff. A. dicyrtus (Ziphirostrum tumidum sensu du Bus, 1868) (IRSNB 3807-M.1889); A, dorsal view; B, right lateral view. Scale bar: 100 mm.

FIG. 6 in Systematics and phylogeny of the fossil beaked whales Ziphirostrum du Bus, 1868 and Choneziphius Duvernoy, 1851 (Mammalia, Cetacea, Odontoceti), from the Neogene of Antwerp (North of Belgium)

FIG. 6. — Detail of the prenarial basin in dorsal view for Ziphirostrum marginatum du Bus, 1868; A, IRSNB 3845-M.536; B, IRSNB 3846-M.1875; C, IRSNB 3843-M.1876. Scale bar: 50 mm.

FIG. 26 in Systematics and phylogeny of the fossil beaked whales Ziphirostrum du Bus, 1868 and Choneziphius Duvernoy, 1851 (Mammalia, Cetacea, Odontoceti), from the Neogene of Antwerp (North of Belgium)

FIG. 26. — Rostrum and left premaxillary sac fossa (IRSNB 3781-M.543), Ziphiidae incertae sedis (Ziphiopsis phymatodes sensu du Bus, 1868); A, dorsal view; B, left lateral view. Scale bar: 100 mm.

FIG. 7. — A in Systematics and phylogeny of the fossil beaked whales Ziphirostrum du Bus, 1868 and Choneziphius Duvernoy, 1851 (Mammalia, Cetacea, Odontoceti), from the Neogene of Antwerp (North of Belgium)

FIG. 7. — A, rostrum and left supraorbital process of Ziphirostrum marginatum du Bus, 1868 (IRSNB 3830-M.542) (Z. laevigatum sensu du Bus, 1868) in dorsal view; B, line drawing of the left supraorbital process displaying an unusual narrowing of the maxilla posterior to the preorbital process. Scale bar: A, 100 mm.

FIG. 2 in Systematics and phylogeny of the fossil beaked whales Ziphirostrum du Bus, 1868 and Choneziphius Duvernoy, 1851 (Mammalia, Cetacea, Odontoceti), from the Neogene of Antwerp (North of Belgium)

FIG. 2. — Skull of Ziphirostrum marginatum du Bus, 1868 (IRSNB 3844-M.1874), from the Neogene of Antwerp, detail of the left part of the cranium in dorsal view showing aborted?molluscan drillings. Scale bar: 50 mm.

FIG. 1 in Systematics and phylogeny of the fossil beaked whales Ziphirostrum du Bus, 1868 and Choneziphius Duvernoy, 1851 (Mammalia, Cetacea, Odontoceti), from the Neogene of Antwerp (North of Belgium)

FIG. 1. — Line drawings showing the measurements used for the different ziphiid taxa in this work; A, Ziphirostrum marginatum du Bus, 1868 (combination of IRSNB 3845-M.536 and IRSNB 3847-M.537); B, Choneziphius planirostris (Cuvier, 1823) (reconstruction from IRSNB 3774-M.1881). For the values of each measurement, see Tables 1-4 and 6.

FIG. 33 in The anatomy and relationships of Piscobalaena nana (Cetacea, Mysticeti), a Cetotheriidae s.s. from the early Pliocene of Peru

FIG. 33. — Tympanics of Piscobalaena sp. (MCZ 17885) referred to?Mesocetus species indet. by Kellogg (reproduced from Kellogg 1944); A-C, left tympanic; A, dorsal view; B, medial view; C, anterior view; D-F, right tympanic; D, ventral view; E, medial view; F, posterior view. Scale bar: 2 cm.

FIG. 31 in The anatomy and relationships of Piscobalaena nana (Cetacea, Mysticeti), a Cetotheriidae s.s. from the early Pliocene of Peru

FIG. 31. — Dentary of Herpetocetus: A, Herpetocetus sendaicus, NSMT-PV 19540, dentary in medial view, detail of vertical ramus; B-D, Herpetocetus scaldiensis (holotype, from Van Beneden 1882); B, lateral view; C, dorsal view; D, ventral view. Scale bar: 10 cm.

FIG. 30 in The anatomy and relationships of Piscobalaena nana (Cetacea, Mysticeti), a Cetotheriidae s.s. from the early Pliocene of Peru

FIG. 30. — Lateral view of the skull in (A) Piscobalaena nana (MNHN SAS 1616) and (B) Herpetocetus sendaicus (cast of NSMP-PV 19540) showing the posterior process of the petrotypanic posterior process the petrotympanic. Abbreviations: see p. 322. Scale bar: 5 cm.

FIG. 29 in The anatomy and relationships of Piscobalaena nana (Cetacea, Mysticeti), a Cetotheriidae s.s. from the early Pliocene of Peru

FIG. 29. — Nannocetus eremus, UCMP 26502 (holotype), skull in dorsal view showing the morphology of the apex of the ascending process of the maxilla (Mx), relatively to the nasal (Na) and frontal (Fr). Scale bar: 5 cm.

FIG. 28 in The anatomy and relationships of Piscobalaena nana (Cetacea, Mysticeti), a Cetotheriidae s.s. from the early Pliocene of Peru

FIG. 28 — Schemas of skulls of various mysticetes taxa, bearing ascending processes of the maxilla: A, Aetiocetus weltoni; B, Balaenoptera acutorostrata; C, Balaenoptera physalus; D, Eschrichtius robustus; E, Piscobalaena nana; F, Herpetocetus sendaicus; G, Cetotherium rathkii; H, Metopocetus durinasus.