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8,854 results for “Cognition”
Standardized on-road tests assessing fitness-to-drive in people with cognitive impairments: a systematic review
<p>Data repository for a systematic review concerning on-road tests. Are included the following data :</p> <ul> <li>items and scoring system</li> <li>risk of bias assessment</li> <li>summary of findings</li> <li>the complete search strategy</li> </ul>
An Empirical Validation of Cognitive Complexity as a Measure of Source Code Understandability - Data, Code and Documentation
<p>Release version of the data, code and documentation used in and generated by our data analysis and literature search to ensure reproducibility, repeatability, and transparency, to be published alongside our paper "An Empirical Validation of Cognitive Complexity as a Measure of Source Code Understandability".</p>
Cognitive map-based navigation in wild bats revealed by a new high-throughput tracking system
<p>Seven decades of research on the "cognitive map", the allocentric representation of space, have yielded key neurobiological insights, yet we still lack field evidence from free-ranging wild animals. Using a system capable of tracking dozens of animals simultaneously at high accuracy and resolution, we assembled a large dataset of 172 foraging Egyptian fruit bats comprising >18M localizations collected over 3,449 bat-nights across 4 years. Detailed track analysis, combined with translocation experiments, revealed that wild bats seldom exhibit random search but instead repeatedly forage in goal-directed, long and straight flights that include frequent shortcuts. Alternative non-map-based strategies were ruled out by simulations, time-lag embedding and other trajectory analyses. Our results are consistent with expectations from cognitive map-like navigation and support previous neurobiological evidence from captive bats. </p>
Data from: Thalamus and focal to bilateral seizures: a multi-scale cognitive imaging study
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b><i>Objective</i></b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>To investigate the functional correlates of recurrent secondarily generalized seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), using task-based fMRI as a framework to test for epilepsy-specific network rearrangements. As the thalamus modulates propagation of temporal-lobe onset seizures and promotes cortical synchronization during cognition, we hypothesized that occurrence of secondarily generalized, i.e. focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures (FBTCS), would relate to thalamic dysfunction, altered connectivity and whole-brain network centrality.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b><i>Methods</i></b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>FBTCS occur in a third of patients with TLE and are a major determinant of disease severity. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed 113 patients with drug-resistant TLE (55 left/58 right), who performed a verbal fluency fMRI task that elicited robust thalamic activation. Thirty-three patients (29%) had experienced at least one FBTCS in the year preceding the investigation. We compared patients with TLE-FBTCS to those without FBTCS via a multi-scale approach, entailing analysis of SPM12-derived measures of activation, task-modulated thalamic functional connectivity (psychophysiological interaction), and graph-theoretical metrics of centrality. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b><i>Results</i></b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Individuals with TLE-FBTCS had less task-related activation of bilateral thalamus, with left-sided emphasis, and left hippocampus than those without FBTCS. In TLE-FBTCS, we also found greater task-related thalamotemporal and thalamo-motor connectivity, and higher thalamic degree and betweenness centrality. Receiver operating characteristic curves, based on a combined thalamic functional marker, accurately discriminated individuals with and without FBTCS.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b><i>Conclusions</i></b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>In TLE-FBTCS, impaired task-related thalamic recruitment coexists with enhanced thalamotemporal connectivity and whole-brain thalamic network embedding. Altered thalamic functional profiles are proposed as imaging biomarkers of active secondary generalization.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Genetic variants beyond amyloid and tau associated cognitive decline: a cohort study
<p>Objective: To identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with cognitive decline independent of amyloid &[beta] (A&[beta]) and tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: Discovery and replication datasets consisting of 414 subjects (94 cognitively normal control [CN), 185 with mild cognitive impairment [MCI], and 135 AD) and 72 subjects (22 CN, 39 MCI, and 11 AD), respectively, were obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database. Genome-wide association analysis was conducted to identify SNPs associated with individual cognitive function (measured using the MMSE and ADAS-cog) while controlling for the level of A&[beta] and tau (measured as CSF p-tau/A&[beta]1-42). Gene ontology analysis was performed on SNP associated genes.</p> <p>Results: We identified one significant (rs55906536, &[beta]=-1.91,standard error 0.34, P =4.07×10<sup>-8</sup>) and four suggestive variants on chromosome 6, which were associated with poorer cognitive function. Congruent results were found in the replication data. A structural equation model showed that the identified SNP deteriorated cognitive function partially through cortical thinning of the brain in a region-specific manner. Furthermore, a bioinformatics analysis showed that the identified SNPs were associated with genes related to glutathione metabolism.</p> <p>Conclusions: In this study, we identified SNPs related to cognitive decline, in a manner which could not be explained by A&[beta] and tau levels. Our findings provide insight into the complexity of AD pathogenesis and support the growing literature on the role of glutathione in AD. This study suggests anti-oxidative agents may serve therapeutic for AD subjects with the identified SNPs.</p>
Data from: Sleep, inflammation, and cognitive behavior of aged wild-type mice subjected to diffuse brain injury and aged 3xTg-AD mice as a model of Alzheimer's disease
<p>Identifying differential responses between sexes following traumatic brain injury (TBI) can elucidate the mechanisms behind disease pathology. Peripheral and central inflammation in the pathophysiology of TBI can increase sleep in male rodents, but this remains untested in females. We hypothesized that diffuse TBI would increase inflammation and sleep in males more so than in females. Diffuse TBI was induced in C57BL/6J mice and serial blood samples were collected (baseline, 1, 5, 7 days post‐injury [DPI]) to quantify peripheral immune cell populations and sleep regulatory cytokines. Brains and spleens were harvested at 7DPI to quantify central and peripheral immune cells, respectively. Mixed‐effects regression models were used for data analysis. Female TBI mice had 77%–124% higher IL‐6 levels than male TBI mice at 1 and 5DPI, whereas IL‐1β and TNF‐α levels were similar between sexes at all timepoints. Despite baseline sex differences in blood‐measured Ly6Chigh monocytes (females had 40% more than males), TBI reduced monocytes by 67% in TBI mice at 1DPI. Male TBI mice had 31%–33% more blood‐measured and 31% more spleen‐measured Ly6G+ neutrophils than female TBI mice at 1 and 5DPI, and 7DPI, respectively. Compared with sham, TBI increased sleep in both sexes during the first light and dark cycles. Male TBI mice slept 11%–17% more than female TBI mice, depending on the cycle. Thus, sex and TBI interactions may alter the peripheral inflammation profile and sleep patterns, which might explain discrepancies in disease progression based on sex.</p>
The cognitive and perceptual correlates of ideological attitudes: a data-driven approach
<p>Data and analysis scripts for: </p> <p>Zmigrod L, Eisenberg IW, Bissett PG, Robbins TW, Poldrack RA. 2021 The cognitive and perceptual correlates of ideological attitudes: a data-driven approach. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 20200424. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0424</p>
Data from: Agonistic character displacement in social cognition of advertisement signals
Interspecific aggression between sibling species may enhance discrimination of competitors when recognition errors are costly, but proximate mechanisms mediating increased discriminative ability are unclear. We studied behavioral and neural mechanisms underlying responses to conspecific and heterospecific vocalizations in Alston's singing mouse (Scotinomys teguina), a species in which males sing to repel rivals. We performed playback experiments using males in allopatry and sympatry with a dominant heterospecific (Scotinomys xerampelinus) and examined song-evoked induction of egr-1 in the auditory system to examine how neural tuning modulates species-specific responses. Heterospecific songs elicited stronger neural responses in sympatry than in allopatry, despite eliciting less singing in sympatry. Our results refute the traditional neuroethological concept of a matched filter and instead suggest expansion of sensory sensitivity to mediate competitor recognition in sympatry.
Data and R code from: Modelling the evolution of cognitive styles
Background <p>Individuals consistently differ in behaviour, exhibiting so-called personalities. In many species, individuals differ also in their cognitive abilities. When personalities and cognitive abilities occur in distinct combinations, they can be described as 'cognitive styles'. Both empirical and theoretical investigations produced contradicting or mixed results regarding the complex interplay between cognitive styles and environmental conditions.</p> Results <p>Here we use individual-based simulations to show that, under just slightly different environmental conditions, different cognitive styles exist and under a variety of conditions, can also co-exist. Co-existences are based on individual specialization on different resources, or, more generally speaking, on individuals adopting different niches or microhabitats.</p> Conclusions <p>The results presented here suggest that in many species, individuals of the same population may adopt different cognitive styles. Thereby the present study may help to explain the variety of styles described in previous studies and why different, sometimes contradicting, results have been found under similar conditions.</p>
Data from: Complex selection on a regulator of social cognition: evidence of balancing selection, regulatory interactions and population differentiation in the prairie vole Avpr1a locus
Adaptive variation in social behavior depends upon standing genetic variation, but we know little about how evolutionary forces shape genetic diversity relevant to brain and behavior. In prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster), variants at the Avpr1a locus predict expression of the vasopressin 1a receptor in the retrosplenial cortex (RSC), a brain region that mediates spatial and contextual memory; cortical V1aR abundance in turn predicts diversity in space-use and sexual fidelity in the field. To examine the potential contributions of adaptive and neutral forces to variation at the Avpr1a locus, we explore sequence diversity at the Avpr1a locus and throughout the genome in two populations of wild prairie voles. First, we refine results demonstrating balancing selection at the locus by comparing the frequency spectrum of variants at the locus to a random sample of the genome. Next, we find that the four SNPs that predict high V1aR expression in the RSC are in stronger linkage disequilibrium than expected by chance despite high recombination among intervening variants, suggesting that epistatic selection maintains their association despite recombination. Analysis of population structure and a haplotype network for two populations revealed that this excessive LD was unlikely to be due to admixture alone. Furthermore, the two populations differed considerably in the region shown to be a regulator of V1aR expression despite the extremely low levels of genome-wide genetic differentiation. Together, our data suggest that complex selection on Avpr1a locus favors specific combinations of regulatory polymorphisms, maintains the resulting alleles at populations-specific frequencies, and may contribute to unique patterns of spatial cognition and sexual fidelity among populations.
Data from: Song learning and cognitive ability are not consistently related in a songbird
Learned aspects of song have been hypothesized to signal cognitive ability in songbirds. We tested this hypothesis in hand-reared song sparrows (Melospiza melodia) that were tutored with playback of adult songs during the critical period for song learning. The songs developed by the 19 male subjects were compared to the model songs to produce two measures of song learning: the proportion of notes copied from models and the average spectrogram cross-correlation between copied notes and model notes. Song repertoire size, which reflects song complexity, was also measured. At 1 year of age, subjects were given a battery of five cognitive tests that measured speed of learning in the context of a novel foraging task, color association, color reversal, detour-reaching, and spatial learning. Bivariate correlations between the three song measures and the five cognitive measures revealed no significant associations. As in other studies of avian cognition, different cognitive measures were for the most part not correlated with each other, and this result remained true when 22 hand-reared female song sparrows were added to the analysis. General linear mixed models controlling for effects of neophobia and nest of origin indicated that all three song measures were associated with better performance on color reversal and spatial learning but were associated with worse performance on novel foraging and detour-reaching. Overall, the results do not support the hypothesis that learned aspects of song signal cognitive ability.
Data from: Profile of and risk factors for post-stroke cognitive impairment in diverse ethno-regional groups
OBJECTIVE: To address the variability in prevalence estimates and inconsistencies in potential risk factors for post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) using a standardised approach and individual participant data (IPD) from international cohorts in the STROKOG consortium. METHODS: We harmonised data from thirteen studies based in eight countries. Neuropsychological test scores 2 to 6 months after stroke or TIA and appropriate normative data were used to calculate standardised cognitive domain scores. Domain-specific impairment was based on percentile cut-offs from normative groups, and associations between domain scores and risk factors were examined using one-stage IPD meta-analysis. RESULTS: In a combined sample of 3,146 participants admitted to hospital for stroke (97%) or TIA (3%), 44% were impaired in global cognition and 30–35% in individual domains 2 to 6 months after the index event. Diabetes and a history of past stroke were strongly associated with poorer cognitive function after covariate adjustments; hypertension, smoking and atrial fibrillation had weaker domain-specific associations. While there were no significant differences in domain impairment among ethno-racial groups, some inter-ethnic differences were found in the effects of risk factors on cognition. CONCLUSIONS: This paper confirms the high prevalence of PSCI in diverse populations, highlights common risk factors, in particular diabetes, and points to ethno-racial differences which warrant attention in the development of prevention strategies.
An investigation of antihypertensive class, dementia, and cognitive decline
Objective High blood pressure is one of the main modifiable risk factors for dementia. However, there is conflicting evidence regarding the best antihypertensive class for optimising cognition. Our objective was to determine whether any particular class of antihypertensive was associated with a reduced risk of cognitive decline or dementia using comprehensive meta-analysis including reanalysis of original participant data. Methods To identify suitable studies MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO® and pre-existing study consortia were searched from inception to December 2017. Authors of prospective longitudinal human studies or trials of antihypertensives were contacted for data-sharing and collaboration. Outcome measures were incident dementia or incident cognitive decline (classified using the reliable change index method). Data were separated into mid and late-life (>65 years) and each antihypertensive class was compared to no treatment and to treatment with other antihypertensives. Meta-analysis was used to synthesize data. Results Over 50,000 participants from 27 studies were included. Among those aged >65 years, with the exception of diuretics, we found no relationship by class with incident cognitive decline or dementia. Diuretic use was suggestive of benefit in some analyses but results were not consistent across follow-up time, comparator group and outcome. Limited data precluded meaningful analyses in those ≤65 years. Conclusions Our findings, drawn from the current evidence base, support clinical freedom in the selection of antihypertensive regimens to achieve blood pressure goals.
Deferoxamine Regulates Neuroinflammation and Iron Homeostasis in a Mouse Model of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction
<p>The raw data of the manuscript” Deferoxamine Regulates Neuroinflammation and Iron Homeostasis in a Mouse Model of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction”</p>
XGNITIVE: A Flexible Cognitive Architecture for Robots (Experiments)
<p>Dataset of experiments for XGNITIVE: A Flexible Cognitive Architecture for Robots. More information in its repository ( https://github.com/roboticslab-uc3m/xgnitive ).</p>
A longitudinal study of motor and cognitive development in infants with congenital idiopathic clubfoot.
<p>Dataset of A longitudinal study of motor and cognitive development in infants with congenital idiopathic clubfoot.</p>
PAK3 downregulation induces cognitive impairment following cranial irradiation
<p>Cranial irradiation is used for prophylactic brain radiotherapy as well as treatment of primary brain tumors. Despite its high efficiency, it often induces unexpected side effects, including cognitive dysfunction. Herein, we observed that mice exposed to cranial irradiation exhibited cognitive dysfunction, including altered spontaneous behavior, decreased spatial memory, and reduced novel object recognition. Analysis of actin cytoskeleton revealed that ionizing radiation (IR) disrupted the filamentous/globular actin (F/G-actin) ratio and downregulated the actin turnover signaling pathway p21-activated kinase 3 (PAK3)-LIM kinase 1 (LIMK1)-cofilin. Furthermore, we found that IR could upregulate microRNA-206-3p (miR-206-3p) targeting PAK3. As the inhibition of miR-206-3p through antagonist (antagomiR), IR-induced disruption of PAK3 signaling is restored. In addition, intranasal administration of antagomiR-206-3p recovered IR-induced cognitive impairment in mice. Our results suggest that cranial irradiation-induced cognitive impairment could be ameliorated by regulating PAK3 through antagomiR-206-3p, thereby affording a promising strategy for protecting cognitive function during cranial irradiation, and promoting quality of life in patients with radiation therapy.</p>
Online and offline VR motion sickness ratings and associated cognitive peformance
<p>This is the data associated with the manuscript "Reduced VR Motion Sickness by Applying Random-phase Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation to the Left Parietal Cortex"</p>
Data for the Project 'Discriminative ability of instrumented cognitive-motor assessments to distinguish fallers from non-fallers'
<p>Data for the project 'Discriminative ability of instrumented cognitive-motor assessments to distinguish fallers from non-fallers' including a complete dataset with all variables collected in this project ('Data_Discriminative ability of instrumented assessments_for publication.xlsx') and a corresponding README file ('README-File_Data_Discriminative ability of instrumented cognitive-motor assessments to distingush fallers from non-fallers.txt'). The latter provides (1) general information, (2) sharing and access information, (3) data and file overview, (4) methodological information, and (5) data-specific information.</p>
Cortese et al. 2024. The effect of metabolism on cognitive performance varies with task complexity in common minnows Phoxinus phoxinus
<p>These datasets have been used to produce the figures and results of the manuscript entitled "The effect of metabolism on cognitive performance varies with task complexity in common minnows <em>Phoxinus phoxinus</em>" by Cortese D, Munson A, Storm Z, Jones NAR and Killen SS (2024).</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.