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718 results for “Crown”
Dataset for: Advancing projections of Crown-of-Thorns Starfish to support management interventions
<h3>Abstract</h3> <div> <p>Regular outbreaks of corallivorous Crown of Thorns Starfish (<em>Acanthaster</em> spp; CoTS) occur on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) and are one of the leading drivers of coral mortality. Understanding the disparities between real-world observations and model predictions of CoTS densities is crucial for refining population modelling and developing effective control strategies. Using a spatially explicit ecosystem model of the Great Barrier Reef (ReefMod-GBR), we compare model predictions of CoTS densities to manta tow survey observations. We also incorporate a new zone-specific CoTS mortality rate to account for differences in predation of CoTS between fished and protected reefs. We found high congruence between predicted CoTS densities and observations: ~81% of categorical reef level CoTS densities were either the same density level or only differed by one level, however underpredictions increased as observed densities increased. The zone-specific CoTS mortality rate reduced severe underpredictions from 7.1% to 5.6%. Underpredictions are a key concern for reef managers as they indicate potential missing outbreaks where targeted culling efforts are necessary and may lead to an underestimation of the coral loss attributed to CoTS outbreaks. Reef protection status was an important driver of prediction accuracy, suggesting it plays a role in determining CoTS densities, emphasising the importance of further research on in situ CoTS mortality rates. The location of a reef inside or outside the “initiation box”, a speculative area of primary outbreaks on the GBR, was also important, with exact predictions more likely to occur outside the box. Accurately modelling initiation box dynamics is challenging owing to limitations of empirical data on CoTS outbreaks, but this highlights the need for focussed research on these dynamics to enhance overall predictive accuracy. Other spatial factors, such as region and shelf position, also contributed to the variance between observations and predictions, underscoring the importance of the spatial-temporal context of each observation. In conclusion, this study validates our CoTS population modelling efforts, showcasing a high congruence between CoTS density predictions and real-world observations. CoTS observations can help refine predictions and guide targeted control against CoTS populations and outbreaks, contributing to effective ecosystem management for long-term resilience of the GBR.</p> </div> <h3>Methods</h3> <div> <p>Data are mean CoTS density (per manta tow) observations and predictions for individual reefs and years on the Great Barrer Reef. Observations come from several sources (CCP, LTMP, FMP) and predictions come from a spatially explicit ecosystem model of the Great Barrier Reef (ReefMod-GBR). </p> </div> <h3>Subject keywords</h3> <p>Earth and related environmental sciences, adaptive management, coral reef, Great Barrier Reef, individual-based model, Marine Invertebrate, pest management, spatial simulations</p> <h3>Funding</h3> <div> <p>CoTS Control Innovation Program</p> </div> <div> <h2>README: Dataset for: Advancing projections of Crown-of-Thorns Starfish to support management interventions</h2> <p><a href="https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.31zcrjdtq">https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.31zcrjdtq</a></p> <p>This dataset is for a paper that compares CoTS density observations to predictions for individual reefs on the Great Barrier Reef in individual years. CoTS manta tow observations derive from the CoTS Control Program (CP), Field Management Program (FMP), and the AIMS Long Term Monitoring Program (LTMP). Where multiple observations exist from the same observation source, they are averaged at the reef-level in that year. If multiple observations exist from different sources, they are kept separate. Predictions are generated by a spatially explicit ecosystem model of the Great Barrier Reef (ReefMod-GBR).</p> <h3>Description of the data and file structure</h3> <p>Observed and predicted CoTS densities are compared to determine prediction accuracy of the ecosystem model. Both observed and predicted CoTS per tow values were categorised as follows: 0 = None (Level 1); ≤ 0.1 = No Outbreak (Level 2); 0.11 - 0.22 = Potential Outbreak (Level 3); 0.22 - 1.0 = Established Outbreak (Level 4); 1.0 - 3.0 = Severe Outbreak (Level 5); > 3.0 = Extreme Outbreak (Level 6). The level of each observation was then compared to the level of each prediction and the difference calculated to determine prediction accuracy.</p> <p>Different variables were extracted as potential predictors of CoTS prediction accuracy. As such, the dataset includes the following for each observation/prediction comparison:</p> <p>1) RM_ID = an individual ID for each of the 3806 reefs that we model in our ecosystem model.</p> <p>2) YEAR = year as an integer.</p> <p>3) LAT and LON = the latitude and longitude of the reef.</p> <p>4) GBRMPAID and GBR_NAME = identifiers for each reef from the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority.</p> <p>5) REGION: 1 = North, 2 = Central, 3 = South</p> <p>6) SHELF: 1 = Inner, 2 = Middle, 3 = Outer</p> <p>7) GZ = Whether a reef is protected (i.e., in a green zone = 1) or not (i.e., in a blue zone = 0).</p> <p>8) IB = Whether a reef is inside the CoTS initiation box (1) or not (0).</p> <p>9) GEOM_CH_KM2 = the area (km2) of coral habitat for that reef</p> <p>10) OBS_SOURCE = the source of the CoTS observation (1 = LTMP, 2 = FMP, 3 = CP)</p> <p>11) OBS_n = the number of observations that went into calculating the reef-level mean CoTS per tow for that year</p> <p>12) OBS_COTS_CAT = observed CoTS density as a categorical level from GBRMPA</p> <p>13) OBS_COTS = mean CoTS per tow, and OBS_COTS_1YB = mean COTS per tow at that reef in the preceding year</p> <p>14) OBS_CC, OBS_CC_1YB = mean coral cover at that reef from that OBS_SOURCE, and OBS_CC_1YB = in the year preceding it.</p> <p>15) PRED_COTS_CAT = predicted CoTS density as a categorical level from GBRMPA</p> <p>16) PRED_COTS, PRED_COTS_1YB, PRED_COTS_2YB, PRED_COTS_3YB = predicted CoTS per tow densities at the current year, and in the one, two, and three years preceding it.</p> <p>17) PRED_CC, PRED_CC_1YB, PRED_CC_2YB, PRED_CC_3YB = predicted coral cover (%) at the current year, and in the one, two, and three years preceding it.</p> <p>18) PRED_ACRO, PRED_ACRO_1YB, PRED_ACRO_2YB, PRED_ACRO_3YB = predicted <em>Acropora</em> cover (%) at the current year, and in the one, two, and three years preceding it. <em>Acropora</em> is the preferred food of CoTS.</p> <p>19) PRED_INSTR, PRED_INSTR_CUMU = incoming strength of CoTS larvae calculated as the CoTS larval input multipled by the size of the reef area. PRED_INSTR_CUMU is the sum of this value over the three years previous to the current year.</p> <p>20) TOTAL_OBS = where data exist, the CoTS model ReefMod is forced with manta tow survey observations from the CP, FMP, and LTMP which override model predictions at individual reefs/years. This shows the total number of observations that have been used to force the CoTS predictions for this reef in all preceding years.</p> <p>21) TIME_SINCE_OBS = similar to TOTAL_OBS, but gives the number of years since an observation last forced the CoTS prediction for this reef.</p> <p>22) PRED_ERR_COTS = the difference in categorical CoTS density levels between observations and predictions.</p> <p>23) PRED_ERR_CC = observed and predicted coral cover was categorised into AIMS coral cover categories: 0 = 0%, 1 = 0 - 10%, 2 = 10 - 30%, 3 = 30 - 50%, 4 = 50 - 75%, 5 = 75 - 100%. The difference in coral cover category between observations and predictions was then compared.</p> <p>24) DIFF_CC = the difference in the % coral cover between the observations and predictions.</p> <p>25) DIFF_CC_CUMU, DIFF_CC_CUMU_N = same as DIFF_CC except the cumulative % difference over the three preceding years, and the number of observations that went into calculating the %.</p> </div>
Chemosensory behaviour of juvenile crown-of-thorns sea stars (Acanthaster sp.), attraction to algal and coral food, and avoidance of adult conspecifics
<p>Intraspecific and habitat-mediated responses to chemical cues play key roles in structuring populations of marine species. We investigated the behaviour of herbivorous-stage juvenile crown-of-thorns sea stars (COTS: <em>Acanthaster</em> sp.) in flow-through choice chambers to determine if chemical cues from their habitat influence movement and their transition to becoming coral predators. Juveniles at the diet transition stage were exposed to cues from their nursery habitat (coral rubble-crustose coralline algae -CCA), live coral, and adult COTS to determine if waterborne cues influence movement. In response to CCA and coral as sole cues juveniles moved toward the cue source and when these cues were presented in combination, they exhibited a preference for coral. Juveniles moved away from adult COTS cues. Exposure to food cues (coral, CCA) in the presence of adult cues resulted in variable responses. Our results suggest a feedback mechanism whereby juvenile behaviour is mediated by adult chemical cues. Cues from the adult population may deter juveniles from the switch to corallivory. As outbreaks wane, juveniles released from competition may serve as a proximate source of outbreaks, supporting the juveniles-in-waiting hypothesis. The accumulation of juveniles within the reef infrastructure is an underappreciated potential source of COTS outbreaks that devastate coral reefs.</p>
Supplementary data to article "From single trees to country-wide maps: Modeling mortality rates in Germany based on the Crown Condition Survey"
<p>This repository provides regression models and annual prediction rasters for tree mortality in Germany. </p> <p><strong>Regression models:</strong><br>Logistic regression models which predict tree mortality for the species (beech = Fagus sylvatica, <br>oak = Quercus petraea and robur, pine = Pinus sylvestris, spruce = Picea abies) and species <br>groups (OB = other broadleaves, OC = other conifers) based on observations of dead trees in the<br>German Crown Condition Survey (Waldzustandserhebung) and a set of environmental predictor <br>variables. The predictors come from the domains of climate (clim), site conditions (site, i.e. <br>topography, soil, land cover, deposition), tree age (age) and some models contain pairwise <br>interaction terms between predictors (inter). All models were fit in R and are represented as <br>objects of the class glm and stored in files of the type rds.</p> <p><strong>Prediction rasters:</strong><br>Spatial predictions of the mortality rate across Germany for each tree species and species group <br>and for each year from 1998 to 2022. The rasters have a spatial resolution of 100 m. Missing values<br>mark areas where the species/group does not occur. The mortality values are given as integers <br>between 0 (no mortality) and 10000 (100% mortality). The coordinate reference system is Lambert <br>Azimuthal Equal Area (LAEA; EPSG:3035). The rasters are provided in the file format GeoTIFF (tif).</p> <p>A detailed description of the data sources and analyses can be found in the following article.</p> <p><strong>Citation:</strong><br><em>Knapp, N., Wellbrock, N., Bielefeldt, J., Dühnelt, P., Hentschel, R., Bolte, A., 2024. </em><br><em>From single trees to country-wide maps: Modeling mortality rates in Germany based on the Crown Condition Survey.</em></p> <p><strong>Contact:</strong><br>nikolai.knapp@thuenen.de</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
The impact of molecular data on the phylogenetic position of the putative oldest crown crocodilian and the age of the clade
The use of molecular data for living groups is vital for interpreting fossils, especially when morphology-only analyses retrieve problematic phylogenies for living forms. These topological discrepancies impact on the inferred phylogenetic position of many fossil taxa. In Crocodylia, morphology-based phylogenetic inferences differ fundamentally in placing <i>Gavialis</i> basal to all other living forms, whereas molecular data consistently unite it with crocodylids. The Cenomanian <i>Portugalosuchus azenhae </i>was recently described as the oldest crown crocodilian, with affinities to <i>Gavialis</i>, based on morphology-only analyses, thus representing a potentially important new molecular clock calibration. Here we performed analyses incorporating DNA data into these morphological datasets, using scaffold and supermatrix (total evidence) approaches, in order to evaluate the position of basal crocodylians including <i>Portugalosuchus</i>. Our analyses incorporating DNA data robustly recovered <i>Portugalosuchus</i> outside Crocodylia (as well as thoracosaurs, planocraniids and <i>Borealosuchus</i> spp.), questioning the status of <i>Portugalosuchus</i> a crown crocodilian and any future use as a node calibration in molecular clock studies. Finally, we discuss how, with the increasing size of phylogenomic datasets, the molecular scaffold might be an efficient (though imperfect) approximation of more rigorous but demanding supermatrix analyses.
A Triassic crown squamate
<p>Mammals, birds, and squamates (lizards, snakes, and relatives) are key living vertebrates, and thus understanding their evolution underpins important questions in biodiversity science. Whereas the origins of mammals and birds are relatively well understood, the roots of squamates have been obscure. Here, we report a modern-type lizard from the Late Triassic of England [202 million years (Ma)], comprising a partial skeleton, skull, and mandibles. It displays at least 15 unique squamate traits and further shares unidentatan and anguimorph apomorphies. The new discovery fixes the origin of crown Squamata as much older than had been thought, and the revised dating shows substantial diversification of modern-type squamates following the Carnian Pluvial Episode, 232 Ma ago.</p>
A royal crown – a prop
A royal crown – a prop from the School of Fine Arts ID no.: Rz A 116 Museum of the Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków https://muzea.malopolska.pl/en/objects-list/2288 Digitalisation: RDW MIC, Virtual Małopolska project Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Crown Wall Villa
Villa Savoye, Le Corbusier, 1932 Crown Hall, Mies van der Rohe, 1956 Wall House, John Hejduk, 1973 Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
KING'S CROWN
Hi guys this is a little model of a kings throne and it has a metalic shade an golden texture and a gem which can glow it is compatible with blender Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
The lamp shaft topped with a crowned eagle
The lamp shaft, one of many in the Great Synagogue in Oświęcim, was found at Berek Joselewicz Street in Oświęcim, where the temple – destroyed by the Germans in November 1939 – was located. The most important synagogue in Oświęcim, also called the Great Synagogue, was one of over 20 Jewish places of prayer in the city during the interwar period. Time and place of creation: 19th/20th century, Oświęcim Museum: Auschwitz Jewish Centre Inventory number: MŻ 7 https://muzea.malopolska.pl/en/objects-list/2060 http://muzea.malopolska.pl/en/o-nas Digitalisation: Digitalisation: RDW MIC, Virtual Małopolska project Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Crown princess Augusta of Prussia
**Bust of the Queen of Prussia and the first German Empress Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach. (cast during her time as crown princess)** Collection: Part of the sculpture collection at the city museum of Berlin, Germany. The collection consists of 3.000 objects of which a third are portrait busts of famous Berlin artists, scholars, politicians and rulers. Model: The model is based only on 48 photographs taken from one angle in order to test the platform and RealityCapture. This results in some irregularities at the top of the head. See the object in our database: https://sammlung-online.stadtmuseum.de/Details/Index/1398966 More about her: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augusta_of_Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach **CC-BY-Attribution: Stadtmuseum Berlin | Oliver Ziebe** Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Low poly Royal Crown
Low poly Royal crown Made with google sketchup Raw and untextured Free for anyone to use; no credit needed (However would love to see it rigged, animated, textured or used in something if so please send me a link to it) Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
CT4012: The Lost Crown
3D Modeled scene with a story of king who lost his crown because of his greed Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Paleoneurology of stem palaeognaths clarifies the plesiomorphic condition of the crown bird central nervous system
<p>This dataset contains additional brain and endosseous labyrinth endocasts generated by Widrig et al. (2024) Paleoneurology of stem palaeognaths clarifies the plesiomorphic condition of the crown bird central nervous system.</p>
Song and genetic divergence within a subspecies of white-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys nuttalli)
<p><span>Animal culture evolves alongside </span><span>genomes</span><span>, and</span><span> the two modes of inheritance—culture and genes—interact in myriad ways.</span> <span>For example,</span><span> stable geographic variation </span><span>in culture can act as </span><span>a </span><span>reproductive barrier</span><span>, </span><span>thereby producing genetic divergence</span><span> between "cultural populations</span><span>.</span><span>"</span> <span>White-crowned sparrows (</span><span>Zonotrichia</span> <span>leucophrys</span><span>) are a </span><span>well-established</span><span> model species for bird song</span><span> learning</span><span> and cultural evolution</span><span>, as t</span><span>hey </span><span>have </span><span>distinct</span><span>, </span><span>geographically </span><span>discrete</span><span>, and culturally transmitted</span> <span>song </span><span>types</span><span> (i.e., song dialects)</span><span>. </span><span>In this study, we tested </span><span>the hypothesis that</span> <span>divergence between </span><span>culturally transmitted </span><span>songs </span><span>drive</span><span>s</span> <span>genetic divergence</span> <span>with</span><span>in Nuttall's white-crowned sparrows (</span><span>Z. l. </span><span>nuttalli</span><span>).</span><span> In accordance with sexual selection theory, we hypothesized that cultural divergence between mating signals both preceded and generated genetic divergence.</span><span>We characterized the population structure and song variation in the subspecies and found two </span><span>genetic</span><span>ally differentiated</span> <span>populations </span><span>whose</span><span> boundary</span> <span>coincid</span><span>es</span><span> with a major </span><span>song </span><span>boundary</span><span> at Monterey Bay</span><span>, California</span><span>.</span> <span>We then</span><span> conducted a song playback experiment </span><span>that </span><span>demonstrated males discriminate between songs based on their degree of divergence from the</span><span>ir</span><span> local dialect</span><span>. These results</span> <span>support</span><span> the idea that discrimination against non-local songs</span><span> is driving genetic divergence between the northern and southern populations. </span><span>Altogether, t</span><span>his</span><span> study</span><span> provides evidence that</span><span> cultura</span><span>lly transmitted bird songs can act as the foundation for speciation by sexual selection</span><span>.</span></p>
Crown morphology in Norway spruce (Picea abies [Karst.] L.) as adaptation to mountainous environments is associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes regulating seasonal growth rhythm
Trees growing at high altitude or latitude have to be adapted, amongst others, to the lower temperatures, a shorter vegetation period, heavier snow load and frost desiccation. Association between molecular genetic markers and climatic variables may provide evidence for the genetic control of climatic adaptation. With increasing genomic resources, several genes with importance to climatic adaptation are identified over a wide range of tree species. Commonly, circadian clock genes are linked to the adaptation to lower temperatures and especially to a shortened vegetation period, as they are regulating metabolic and phenological processes in the day-night shift and seasonal change. Potentially adaptive "candidate" genes associated with latitudinal and elevational gradients were identified in several Picea spp. Before molecular markers became available to study climatic adaptation, phenotypic traits measured in natural populations and/or common garden studies were used to search for their association with climate variables. In Norway spruce, the crown architecture is the most noticeable trait associated with altitude and the related environment. The mountainous narrow-crowned morphotype is characterised by superior resistance to snow breakage in regions with heavy snow fall. In total, the crown shape was assessed in 765 individual trees from mountainous regions in the Thuringian Forest, the Ore Mountains (Saxony) and Harz Mountains (Lower-Saxony/Saxony-Anhalt), and they were genotyped at 44 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 24 adaptive trait related candidate genes. Six SNPs in three genes, APETALA 2-like 3 (AP2L3), GIGANTEA (GI), and mitochondrial transcription termination factor (mTERF) were associated with variation in crown shape. GI has previously been identified in angiosperms and gymnosperms to be associated with temperature and growth cessation. Our results showed that crown morphology in Norway spruce is associated with genetic markers which are putatively involved in the complex process of genetic adaptation to climatic conditions at high altitudes.
Fig. 4 in A New Species of Isospora Schneider, 1881 (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the Blue-crowned Laughingthrush Dryonastes courtoisi (Passeriformes: Timaliidae)
Fig. 4. Composite line drawing of sporulated oocyst of I. courtoisi. Scale bar: 10 µm.
Figure 1 in The partitioning of temporal movement patterns of breeding red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis) induced by temperature
Figure 1. The study area of Zhalong Reserve. Inset shows its location in northeastern China.
Ultraconserved elements support the elevation of a new avian family, Eurocephalidae, the white-crowned shrikes
<p>In this study, we infer genus-level relationships within shrikes (Laniidae), crows (Corvidae), and their allies using ultraconserved elements (UCEs). We confirm previous results of the Crested Shrikejay (<em>Platylophus</em> <em>galericulatus</em>) as comprising its own taxonomic family and find strong support for its sister relationship to laniid shrikes. We also find strong support that the African-endemic genus <em>Eurocephalus</em>, which comprises two allopatric species (<em>E. ruppelli </em>and<em> E. anguitimens</em>), are not shrikes. We propose elevating the white-crowned shrikes to their own family, Eurocephalidae. </p>
Data for: Variable food alters responses of larval crown-of-thorns starfish to ocean warming but not acidification
<p>We examined whether warming, acidification, and different food availability regimes interacted to affect the survival, development, and growth of larval crown-of-thorns starfish, <em>Acanthaster</em> sp. (CoTS). Larvae were reared in all combinations of two temperatures (26, 30 °C), two pH levels (pH 8.0, 7.6), and three food regimes <span>('low' ration: 1,000 cells mL<sup>-1</sup>; 'switch' ration: 1,000 cells mL<sup>-1</sup> until day 11, followed by 50,000 cells mL<sup>-1</sup>; and 'high' ration: 50 000 cells mL<sup>-1</sup>). </span></p>
Data from: Gilsonicaris from the Lower Devonian Hunsrück Slate is a eunicidan annelid and not the oldest crown anostracan crustacean
<p><span>The Lower Devonian (Lower Emsian, -400 Myr) roof slates of the Hunsrück in southeastern Germany have delivered a highly diverse and exceptionally preserved marine fauna that provides a unique snapshot into the anatomy and ecology of a wide range of Palaeozoic animals. Several of the described taxa, however, remain enigmatic in their affinity, at least until new pyritized features hidden under the surface of the slate are revealed using X-ray radiography or micro-computed tomography (µCT). Here we redescribe such an enigmatic fossil, the putative anostracan crustacean <em>Gilsonicaris rhenanus</em> Van Straelen, 1943. Using µCT scanning, we unveil unprecedented details of its anatomy, including a ventral oral opening and four pairs of recalcitrant jaw elements. These jaws are morphologically consistent with the scolecodonts of eunicidan polychaetes, which along with the gross anatomy of the body and head unambiguously identifies <em>G. rhenanus</em> as a polychaete rather than an arthropod. While this discovery firmly discards the Early Devonian record of crown anostracans in the fossil record, it adds a new record of eunicidan soft tissues, which are surprisingly rare considering the abundant microfossil record of scolecodonts.</span></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.