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359 results for “Drosophila species”
FIGURE 4 in A Revision of the Drosophila spinipes Species Group (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
FIGURE 4. Photomicrographs, dorsolateral view, of the abdomen of several Drosophila spinipes-group species. A-C. D. malagasy n. sp. A.HS-16. B. HS-22. C. HS-18. D. D. nigrospinipes n. sp. (HS-24). E. D. phalloserra n. sp. (HS-07). F. D. suma Burla (HS-01). G. D. spinipes Lamb (NHMUK 014335955).
FIGURE 2 in A Revision of the Drosophila spinipes Species Group (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
FIGURE 2. Distinct or apomorphic features of the Drosophila spinipes species group. A. Lateral view, sp. C (HS-13). B. Same as A, with detail of mouthparts. C. D. nigrospinipes n. sp. (HS-12), dorsolateral view of thorax, showing setal tubercles and spiracular channel. D. Wing, D. malagasy n. sp. (HS-21). Arrow indicates end of dense costal spinules. E-F. SEM of protarsal spines, mesal view of specimen HS-14 (sp. B). Note the shallow longitudinal grooves.
Supplementary material 1 from: Abram PK, McPherson AE, Kula R, Hueppelsheuser T, Thiessen J, Perlman SJ, Curtis CI, Fraser JL, Tam J, Carrillo J, Gates M, Scheffer S, Lewis M, Buffington M (2020) New records of Leptopilina, Ganaspis, and Asobara species associated with Drosophila suzukii in North America, including detections of L. japonica and G. brasiliensis. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 78: 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.78.55026
Collection information for specimens reported in: New records of Leptopilina, Ganaspis, and Asobara species associated with Drosophila suzukii in North America, including detections of L. japonica and G. brasiliensis
Experimental warming influences species abundances in a Drosophila host community through direct effects on species performance rather than altered competition and parasitism
<p>Current global warming trends are expected to have direct effects on species through their sensitivity to temperature, as well as on their biotic interactions, with cascading indirect effects on species, communities, and entire ecosystems. To predict the community-level consequences of global change we need to understand the relative roles of both the direct and indirect effects of warming. We used a laboratory experiment to investigate how warming affects a tropical community of three species of <em>Drosophila</em> hosts interacting with two species of parasitoids over a single generation. Our experimental design allowed us to distinguish between the direct effects of temperature on host species performance, and indirect effects through altered biotic interactions (competition among hosts and parasitism by parasitoid wasps). Although experimental warming significantly decreased parasitism for all host-parasitoid pairs, the effects of parasitism and competition on host communities did not vary across temperatures. Instead, effects on host relative abundances were species-specific, with one host species dominating the community at warmer temperatures, independently of parasitism and competition treatments. Our results show that temperature shaped a <em>Drosophila </em>host community directly through differences in species’ thermal performance, and not via its influences on biotic interactions.</p>
Data from: Multifaceted, cross-generational costs of hybridization in sibling Drosophila species
Maladaptive hybridization, as determined by the pattern and intensity of selection against hybrid individuals, is an important factor contributing to the evolution of prezygotic reproductive isolation. To identify the consequences of hybridization between Drosophila pseudoobscura and D. persimilis, we estimated multiple fitness components for F1 hybrids and backcross progeny and used these to compare the relative fitness of parental species and their hybrids across two generations. We document many sources of intrinsic (developmental) and extrinsic (ecological) selection that dramatically increase the fitness costs of hybridization beyond the well-documented F1 male sterility in this model system. Our results indicate that the cost of hybridization accrues over multiple generations and reinforcement in this system is driven by selection against hybridization above and beyond the cost of hybrid male sterility; we estimate a fitness loss of >95% relative to the parental species across two generations of hybridization. Our findings demonstrate the importance of estimating hybridization costs using multiple fitness measures from multiple generations in an ecologically relevant context; so doing can reveal intense postzygotic selection against hybridization and thus, an enhanced role for reinforcement in the evolution of populations and diversification of species.
Data from: A collection of Australian Drosophila datasets on climate adaptation and species distributions
The Australian Drosophila Ecology and Evolution Resource (ADEER) collates Australian datasets on drosophilid flies, which are aimed at investigating questions around climate adaptation, species distribution limits and population genetics. Australian drosophilid species are diverse in climatic tolerance, geographic distribution and behaviour. Many species are restricted to the tropics, a few are temperate specialists, and some have broad distributions across climatic regions. Whereas some species show adaptability to climate changes through genetic and plastic changes, other species have limited adaptive capacity. This knowledge has been used to identify traits and genetic polymorphisms involved in climate change adaptation and build predictive models of responses to climate change. ADEER brings together 103 datasets from 39 studies published between 1982–2013 in a single online resource. All datasets can be downloaded freely in full, along with maps and other visualisations. These historical datasets are preserved for future studies, which will be especially useful for assessing climate-related changes over time.
Data from: The role of aedeagus size and shape in failed mating interactions among recently diverged taxa in the Drosophila mojavensis species cluster
Background: Investigating the evolution of species-specific insect genitalia is central to understanding how morphological diversification contributes to reproductive isolation and lineage divergence. While many studies evoke some form of sexual selection to explain genitalia diversity, the basis of selection and the mechanism of heterospecific mate exclusion remains vague. I conducted reciprocal mate pair trials in the Drosophila mojavensis species cluster to quantify the frequency of failed insemination attempts, historically referred to as pseudocopulation, between lineages with discrete size and shape differences of the male aedeagus.ResultsIn cross-taxon matings aedeagus size had a significant effect on pseudocopulation frequencies, while aedeagus shape and genetic distance did not. The direction of the size difference was an important factor for successful mating. When females were mated to a cross-taxon male with a larger aedeagus than males from her own species, the pair could not establish a successful mating interaction. Females mated to cross-taxon males with a smaller aedeagus than conspecific males were able to establish the mating interaction but had issues disengaging at the end of the interaction.ConclusionsThe results of this study support a role for aedeagus size in the male-female mating interaction, with a secondary role for aedeagus shape. In natural populations, mating failure based on aedeagus size could serve as an important reproductive isolating mechanism resulting in failed insemination attempts after both the male and female show a willingness to mate.
Data from: DNA motifs are not general predictors of recombination in two Drosophila sister species.
Meiotic recombination is crucial for chromosomal segregation, and facilitates the spread of beneficial and removal of deleterious mutations. Recombination rates frequently vary along chromosomes and Drosophila melanogaster exhibits a remarkable pattern. Recombination rates gradually decrease towards centromeres and telomeres, with a dramatic impact on levels of variation in natural populations. Two close sister species, D. simulans and D. mauritiana do not only have higher recombination rates, but also exhibit a much more homogeneous recombination rate that only drops sharply very close to centromeres and telomeres. Because certain sequence motifs are associated with recombination rate variation in D. melanogaster, we tested whether the difference in recombination landscape between D. melanogaster and D. simulans can be explained by the genomic distribution of recombination-rate associated sequence motifs. We constructed the first high-resolution recombination map for D. simulans based on 189 haplotypes from a natural D. simulans population, and searched for short sequence motifs linked with higher than average recombination in both sister species. We identified five consensus motifs significantly associated with higher than average chromosome-wide recombination rates in at least one species and present in both. Testing fine resolution associations between motif density and recombination, we found strong and positive associations genome-wide over a range of scales in D. melanogaster, while the results were equivocal in D. simulans. Despite the strong association in D. melanogaster, we did not find a decreasing density of these short-repeat motifs towards centromeres and telomeres. We conclude that the density of recombination-associated repeat motifs cannot explain the large-scale recombination landscape in D. melanogaster, nor the differences to D. simulans. The strong association seen for the sequence motifs in D. melanogaster likely reflects their impact influencing local differences in recombination rates along the genome.
FIGURES 14–20 in Drosophila bunnanda— a new species from northern Australia with notes on other Australian members of the montium subgroup (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
FIGURES 14–20. Distribution maps of Drosophila montium subgroup species in the Australasian Region. (14) Drosophila dominicana. (15) Drosophila montium subgroup species undissected and unclassified. (16) Drosophila kikkawai. (17) Drosophila sp. cf. jambulina. (18) Drosophila bunnanda (19) Drosophila birchii. (20) Drosophila serrata.
FIGURES 1–6 in Drosophila bunnanda— a new species from northern Australia with notes on other Australian members of the montium subgroup (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
FIGURES 1–6. Terminalia of Drosophila serrata (ex Yeppoon strain YS). (1) epandrium, caudal view; (2) epandrium, lateral view; (3) hypandrium, ventral view; (4) hypandrium, lateral view; (5) female ovipositor, lateral view; (6) female ovipositor, ventral view.
FIGURES 7–13 in Drosophila bunnanda— a new species from northern Australia with notes on other Australian members of the montium subgroup (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
FIGURES 7–13. Terminalia and male foreleg of Drosophila bunnanda (ex type strain LPX). (7) epandrium, caudal view; (8) epandrium, lateral view; (9) part of male foreleg showing sex comb; (10) hypandrium, ventral view; (11) hypandrium, lateral view; (12) female ovipositor, lateral view; (13) female ovipositor, ventral view.
FIGURE 3 in Drosophila sonorae (Diptera, Drosophilidae), a new species in the repleta species group from Mexico
FIGURE 3. Male genitalia in the longicornis cluster: (a) D. sonorae external male genitalia. Lateral aspect of aedeagus (at scale): (b) D. sonorae, (c) D. huckinsi, and (d) D. huichole.
FIGURE 2 in Drosophila sonorae (Diptera, Drosophilidae), a new species in the repleta species group from Mexico
FIGURE 2. Male abdomen: dorsal (a) and lateral (b) view of Drosophila sonorae; dorsal (c) and lateral (d) view of Drosophila longicornis.
FIGURE 1 in Drosophila sonorae (Diptera, Drosophilidae), a new species in the repleta species group from Mexico
FIGURE 1. Drosophila sonorae: a) dorsal view male thorax; b) pupal horns, one of the largest in the genus Drosophila.
FIGURE 3 in Review of the spoon tarsus subgroup of Hawaiian Drosophila (Drosophilidae: Diptera), with a description of one new species
FIGURE 3. Wings of selected species a) D. atroscutellata, b) D. sordidapex, c) D. conformis, d) D. dasycnemia, and e) D. waddingtoni.
FIGURE 2 in Review of the spoon tarsus subgroup of Hawaiian Drosophila (Drosophilidae: Diptera), with a description of one new species
FIGURE 2. Fore-legs of selected males a) D. atroscutellata, b) D. dasycnemia, c) D. conformis, d) D. incognita, and e) D. percnosoma.
FIGURE 1. The phylogenetic relationships between the major Hawaiian Drosophila groups. a in Review of the spoon tarsus subgroup of Hawaiian Drosophila (Drosophilidae: Diptera), with a description of one new species
FIGURE 1. The phylogenetic relationships between the major Hawaiian Drosophila groups. a) phylogeny of species groups based on internal morphology (Throckmorton 1966), b) phylogeny of species groups based on molecular data (Bonacum 2001).
FIGURE 9. Drosophila pilipa. A in New species of Hawaiian picture wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with a key to species
FIGURE 9. Drosophila pilipa. A. Male head, lateral view (ptilinum protruding slightly). B. Male head, dorsal view. C. Female head, lateral view. D. Male wing. E. Female wing, posteroapical portion. F. Egg.
FIGURE 6. Drosophila opuhe. A in New species of Hawaiian picture wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with a key to species
FIGURE 6. Drosophila opuhe. A. Right front leg of male, dorsal view. B. Wing. C. Male epandrium and cercus, lateral view. D. Drosophila montgomeryi epandrium and cercus, lateral view. E. Drosophila pisonia cercus, lateral view.
FIGURE 7. Drosophila oreas. A in New species of Hawaiian picture wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with a key to species
FIGURE 7. Drosophila oreas. A. Right front leg of male, anteroventral view. B. Wing. C. Male terminalia, lateral view. D. Left palp of male, dorsal view.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.