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425 results for “Forest fragment”
Fig. 2 in Landscape Ecological Analysis Of Taurkalne Forest Tract Fragmentation
Fig. 2. Road network length (km) by category.
FIGURE 1 in Trap-nesting bees and wasps (Hymenoptera, Aculeata) in a Semidecidual Seasonal Forest fragment, southern Brazil
FIGURE 1: Trap nests installed on Parque Estadual São Camilo.
Fig. 1 in Avian Assemblages in Forest Fragments do not Sum to the Expected Regional Community in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.
Fig. 1. Map of Bahia within Brazil, and the location of the fragments under study.
Figure S4 in Small mammals and microhabitat selection in forest fragments in the transition zone between Atlantic Forest and Pampa biome
Figure S4. Rarefaction curve for both studied fragments in the Atlantic Forest biome, Brazil. Sample coverage is the proportion of the total number of individuals that belong to the species detected in the sample. F1 = Fragment 1 (28°08′38″S, 54°45′36″W); F2 = Fragment 2 (28°07′33″S, 54°44′57″W).
Figure 3 in Small mammals and microhabitat selection in forest fragments in the transition zone between Atlantic Forest and Pampa biome
Figure 3. Variables coefficients and their confidence intervals in the models selected (with ΔAIC ≤ 2) for each small mammal species. (A) Akodon montensis; (B) Oligoryzomys nigripes; (C) Sooretamys angouya; (D) Didelphis albiventris. PC1GC = first axis of the PCA for soil variables; PC2GC = second axis of the PCA for soil variables; PC1VS = first axis of the PCA for vegetation structure; PC2VS = second axis of the PCA for vegetation structure.
Fig. 4 in Diversity of anurans in forest fragments of southwestern Ethiopia: The case of the Yayu Coffee Forest Biosphere Reserve (YCFBR)
Fig. 4. Species cumulative curve.
Immigration credit of temperate forest herbs in fragmented landscapes – implications for restoration of habitat connectivity
<p>1. In many agricultural landscapes, it is important to restore networks of forests to provide habitat and stepping stones for forest specialist taxa. More knowledge is, however, needed on how to facilitate the immigration of such taxa in restored forest patches. Here, we present the first chronosequence study to quantify the dynamics of immigration credits of forest specialist plants in post-arable forest patches.</p> <p>2. We studied the distribution of herbaceous forest specialist plant species in 54 post-arable broadleaved forest patches along gradients of age (20-140 years since forest establishment), distance from ancient forest (0-2600 m) and patch area (0.5-9.6 ha). With Linear Mixed Models we estimated the effects of these factors on species richness, patch means of four dispersal-related plant traits and with Generalized Linear Models on the occurrence of 20 individual species.</p> <p>3. Post-arable forest patch age and spatial isolation from ancient forest, but not patch size, were important predictors for species richness of forest specialists, suggesting that also small patches are valuable for habitat connectivity. Compared to species richness in ancient forest stands, the immigration credit was reduced by more than 90% after 80 years in post-arable forest patches contiguous to ancient forest compared to 40% after 80 years and 60% after 140 years in isolated patches (at least 100 m to next forest). Tall-growing species with adaptations to long-distance dispersal were faster colonizers while species with heavy diaspores and clonal growth were slower to colonize.</p> <p>4. Synthesis and applications: We show that post-arable oak plantations have a high potential for restoration of forest herb vegetation. Dispersal-related plant traits play a key role in explaining interspecific differences among forest specialists. To facilitate forest herb immigration across all functional groups in agricultural landscapes, we suggest to create clusters of relatively small new forest patches nearby older forest with source populations.</p>
Figure 1 in Orchid bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Euglossini) are seasonal in Seasonal Semideciduous Forest fragments, southern Brazil
Figure 1. Orchid bee phenology in Seasonal Semideciduous Forest fragments, (A-C) Eufriesea violacea, (D-G) Euglossa cordata, (H-I) Eulaema nigrita.
Insect RTUs from the degraded forest fragments in the Attappady and Anaikatti landscapes.
<p>Datasets were collected as part of the project titled "EVALUATING THE EFFICEINCY OF RESTORATION EFFORTS IN REVIVING TROPICAL FORESTS USING GROUND INSECTS AS INDICATORS."</p>
Data from: Eastern Whip-poor-wills have larger nonbreeding home ranges in areas with more agriculture and forest fragmentation
<p>Migratory bird populations can be limited by events in disparate parts of the world. Birds in tropical regions are facing rapid habitat loss, climate change, and intensive agricultural regimes, potentially contributing to population declines. However, an understanding of basic non-breeding ecology of species, such as habitat and space use, is critical for determining if this is the case. Populations of the nocturnal/crepuscular Eastern Whip-poor-will (<em>Antrostomus</em> <em>vociferus</em>) have declined by 70% since the 1960's, yet data on the species are sparse outside of the breeding season. We extracted data from 41 archival GPS tags deployed on whip-poor-wills and estimated non-breeding home ranges and land covers used. We used satellite imagery and stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values from claws grown during the non-breeding season to analyze how land cover and habitat moisture impacted home range size and relative trophic level. Forest was by far the most prevalent land cover used by whip-poor-wills, occurring in all home ranges and accounting for >80% of diurnal roosting points. We found that less forest, the presence of agriculture, and more edge (irrespective of land cover) were associated with larger home ranges. Stable isotope values differed by broadscale ecoregion but not local land cover characteristics in our study, indicating that regional idiosyncrasies or broadscale processes can be more important in determining stable isotope ratios. Our findings suggest that the loss, fragmentation, and replacement of forest by agriculture in the core of the whip-poor-will's non-breeding range may represent a threat to the species, as they rely heavily upon forest, and appear to alter space use in response to changes in forest cover.</p>
Tropical bat ectoparasitism in continuous versus fragmented forests: A gap analysis and preliminary meta-analysis
<p><span>Tropical regions are experiencing rapid rates of forest fragmentation, which can have several effects on wildlife, including altered parasite dynamics. Bats are a useful host group to consider these effects of fragmentation because they are abundant in the tropics, serve important ecological roles, and harbour many parasites. Nevertheless, research on the effects of fragmentation on bat ectoparasites is still limited. To help guide ongoing and future research efforts, this study had two objectives: (1) conduct a gap analysis to characterize the state of currently available research on fragmentation effects on bat ectoparasites, and (2) conduct a preliminary meta-analysis to identify current trends. We systematically highlighted several research gaps: studies comparing the effects of fragmented versus continuous forests on ectoparasites are limited and have primarily been conducted in the Neotropics, with a focus on bats in the superfamily Noctilionidea (especially frugivorous phyllostomids). Our preliminary meta-analysis suggested that ectoparasite prevalence (but not the mean or variance in intensity) was higher in fragments than in continuous forests. Moreover, prevalence increased with increasing roost duration, and mean intensity was higher for bats with higher wing aspect ratios. Intensity variance was affected by an interaction between forest type and wing aspect ratio, such that variance increased for bats with high wing aspect ratios in continuous forests but decreased in fragments. These results suggest that fragmentation can shape aspects of bat ectoparasitism and could have implications for the ecology, health, and conservation of bats in fragmented landscapes. However, existing research gaps could bias our current understanding of habitat change and bat health, and future research should thus investigate these effects in the Paleotropics and with other bat families. </span><span><br></span></p>
Figure 4 in Natural regeneration in Atlantic Forest Fragments: using ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) for monitoring a conservation unit
Figure 4. Camponotus cillae recorded for the RPPN Botujuru: (A) front view; (B) dorsal view; (C) side view. regeneration of the older areas provides resources to Another important factor is the potential of conservation those species with more specialized habits. units to discover new species, mainly invertebrates (Liu We underscore the presence of two species, a pos- et al., 2022), a group that lacks inventory data. sible new species of Octostruma Forel, 1912, recorded They also emphasize the need to advance in the idenin the areas with an understory, and Camponotus cillae tification of recorded morphospecies, increase sampling Forel, 1912 (Fig. 4) recorded in Brazil only by the type se- efforts, use other collection techniques to better underries in the state of São Paulo (Botucatu) by Forel in 1912 stand the diversity of ants and other faunal and floristic (Forel, 1912). Data on their biology is scarce in the liter- groups in the RPPN. Moreover, these results also underature. This new record highlights the importance of new score the need for the creation of measures aiming at studies on biodiversity to our comprehension of the dis- preserving the area, given that the urbanization process tribution of species (Janicki et al., 2016). has been intense in the vicinity of the conservation unit. In addition, our results show the potential of RPPN Botujuru; the occurrence of C. cillae and the possible species of Octostruma in the Botujuru RPPN emphasizes the CONCLUSION importance of conservation units for threatened biomes. Fragments of Atlantic Forest found in conservation units The diversity of ants evaluated in this first work, carare important for the preservation of biodiversity, acting ried out with only one collection campaign, indicates as refuge areas for species that suffer from anthropo- that the natural regeneration process is having positive genic pressures such as deforestation and urban growth effects in abandoned areas. The fragments that compose (Gardner et al., 2009; Pardini et al., 2009; Lima et al., 2020), the RPPN Botujuru may prove to be very representative providing resources, even for those rarely collected. of the Alto Tietê region regarding the conservation of the
Figure 3 in Natural regeneration in Atlantic Forest Fragments: using ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) for monitoring a conservation unit
Figure 3. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) Bray-Curtis type for the areas with 1-4 years (grey), 7-12 years (light green), and 14 years (dark green). (Anosim = 0,0001).
Figure 2 in Natural regeneration in Atlantic Forest Fragments: using ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) for monitoring a conservation unit
Figure 2. The number of occurrences of trophic guilds along the regeneration gradient in areas of Eucalyptus sp.: 1-4 years (no understory), located in the buffer zone of RPPN Botujuru – Serra do Itapety; 7-12 years (with an understory composed of shrubby vegetation), and 14 years (with an understory displaying both shrubby and arboreal vegetation).
APPENDIX 13 in Detangling the effects of patch attributes on bryophyte diversity in fragmented subtropical secondary forests - a case study of land-bridge islands
APPENDIX 13. — Islands with multi-long branched appearance in the Thousand Island Lake, China.
Habitat area and edges affect the length of trophic chains in a fragmented forest
<p class="MsoNormal">We built plant-leaf miner-parasitoid food webs in 19 remnants of a fragmented Chaco forest in central Argentina. We constructed food webs on each remnant from different locations at the forest interior and edges. For each food web, we registered the abundance of species, the species richness of each trophic level, estimated the connectivity of their networks, and the average food chain length. We used structural equation models to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of habitat area and edge/interior location on food chain length mediated by species richness, abundance, and connectivity. </p>
The dynamic matrix predicts population response to long-term experimental forest fragmentation
<div><strong>Context</strong></div> <div> </div> <div>Earth's forests are fragmented. Species' long-term persistence depends on their conservation in fragmented landscapes with remnants embedded in a matrix of human land use. This matrix influences species' persistence in fragments by determining their degree of isolation and the extent to which edge effects alter habitat. Matrix habitat is often dynamic, so its impact on persistence of remnant species changes over time.</div> <div> </div> <div><strong>Objectives</strong></div> <div> </div> <div>Previous research showed that the abundance response of predatory beetle species to matrix habitat predicted their response in fragments with a log-response ratio of about 0.5. When abundance declined in the matrix, there was a smaller but predictable decline in fragments. However, the predictive utility of a fragment:matrix log-response ratio needs testing with functionally different species, more detailed data, and a focus on mechanism.</div> <div> </div> <div><strong>Methods</strong></div> <div> </div> <div>In the Wog Wog habitat fragmentation experiment, we follow a detritivorous amphipod 27 years after forest fragmentation.</div> <div> </div> <div><strong>Results</strong></div> <div> </div> <div>The amphipod's response in habitat fragments was predicted by its response in the matrix with a log-response ratio of about 0.5, similar to predatory beetles. The amphipod's response was explained by its abiotic niche. The amphipod's short-term response did not predict its long-term response.</div> <div> </div> <div><strong>Conclusions</strong></div> <div> </div> <div>The log-response ratio might generalize across the invertebrate food web. For two groups within the Wog Wog experiment, a species' dynamic response in matrix habitat predicted its persistence in fragments. Future work should explore the generality of this finding. With knowledge of projected land use of matrix habitat, a species' matrix response could be used for management planning.</div>
Dispersal limitation predicts the spatial and temporal filtering of tropical bird communities in isolated forest fragments
<p>The link between dispersal traits and patterns of community assembly remains a frontier in understanding how vertebrate communities persist in fragmented landscapes. Using experimental release trials and intensive field surveys of bird communities in fragmented forests of the Peruvian and Colombian Andes, we demonstrate that morphological traits related to movement (1) predict experimental flight performance and (2) exhibit dispersal-mediated environmental filtering at the community scale. After correcting for body size, four traits hypothesized to influence flight ability (wing length, wing pointedness, wing loading, and eye size) predicted distance flown across a hostile experimental landscape, with successful species having significantly longer pointed wings, carrying less mass per unit wing area (i.e., lower wing loading), and having smaller eyes. Species with larger eyes also displayed increased flight latency, potentially due to disability glare. At the community scale we detected a gradient of dispersal-mediated environmental filtering in fragments compared to reference forest within the same landscape, with relative differences in trait values explained by the temporal and spatial extent of patch isolation. In the Colombian landscape where fragments had been isolated for > 60 years, communities were filtered for species with long and narrow wings and small eyes, especially within the most spatially isolated fragments. We observed the opposite pattern in the more recently fragmented Peruvian landscape (15-30 years): communities within fragments tended to have shorter and more rounded wings compared to those in nearby contiguous forests, suggesting that dispersal-limited species accumulate in the initial years following patch isolation due to "restricted dispersal" and represent an extinction debt yet to be paid. Our results (1) experimentally validate the use of morphological traits as proxies for movement ability in fragmented landscapes, (2) demonstrate that visual acuity functions as a novel dimension of dispersal limitation, and (3) quantify how the spatial and temporal components of patch isolation produce a gradient in dispersal-mediated environmental filtering and extinction debt for communities inhabiting fragments.</p>
Habitat area and edges affect the length of trophic chains in a fragmented forest
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Data from: Assessing the influence of biotic, abiotic, and social factors on the physiological stress of a large Neotropical primate in Atlantic Forest fragments
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