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601 results for “Global changes”
Data from "Projections of leaf turgor loss point shifts under future climate change scenarios" (Tordoni et al. 2022 Global Change Biology)
<p>The dataset includes four sheets representing the average turgor loss point (tlp) values at grid cell level (tlp_data) and the climatic variables and related climate change scenarios derived from the three models used in this study (HadGEM2-ES-RACMO22E, EC-EARTH_RACMO22E, EC-EARTH_CCLM4-8-17, respectively).</p> <p>The sheet "tlp_data" reports the cell ID (OGU) and the average tlp values for each taxonomic group considered in this study (gymnosperms, angiosperms, herbaceous and woody angiosperms). </p> <p>Each of the other three sheets reports the cell ID (OGU), coordinates of the cell centroid (Long, Lat) and a set of six climatic variables: 95<sup>th</sup> percentiles of average temperature (BIO1.95, °C), temperature seasonality (BIO4, °C), annual consecutive frost days where temperature was ≤ 0 °C (CFD.ann, n° days), annual consecutive dry days where precipitation was < 1 mm (CDD.ann, n° days), 5<sup>th</sup> percentiles of cumulate annual precipitation (BIO12.5, mm), and precipitation seasonality (BIO15, %). For each model, "hist" refers to historical data encompassing the period 1970-2005, whereas "RCP2.6" and "RCP8.5" reports the average value of future projections for the period 2080-2100 in two representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5).</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Will climate change cause the global peatland to expand or contract? Evidence from the habitat shift pattern of Sphagnum mosses
<p><span>Peatlands play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle. <em>Sphagnum</em></span><span> mosses (</span><span>peat mosses) are considered to be the peatland ecosystem engineers and contribute to the carbon accumulation in the peatland ecosystems. As cold-adapted species, the dominance of <em>Sphagnum</em> mosses in peatlands will be threatened by climate warming. The response of <em>Sphagnum</em> mosses to climate change is closely related to the future trajectory of carbon fluxes in peatlands. However, the impact of climate change on the habitat suitability of <em>Sphagnum</em> mosses on a global scale is poorly understood. To predict the potential impact of climate change on the global distribution of <em>Sphagnum</em> mosses, we used the MaxEnt model to predict the potential geographic distribution of six <em>Sphagnum</em> species that dominate peatlands in the future (2050 and 2070) under two greenhouse gas emission scenarios (SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5). The results show that the mean temperature of the coldest quarter, precipitation of the driest month, and topsoil calcium carbonate are the main factors affecting the habitat availability of <em>Sphagnum</em> mosses. As the climate warms,<em> Sphagnum</em> mosses tend to migrate northward. The suitable habitat and abundance of <em>Sphagnum</em> mosses increase extensively in the high-latitude boreal peatland (north of 50° N) and decrease on a large scale beyond the high-latitude boreal peatland. The southern edge of boreal peatlands would experience the greatest decline in the suitable habitat and richness of <em>Sphagnum</em> mosses with the temperature rising, and would be a risk area for the transition from carbon sink to carbon source. The spatial-temporal pattern changes of <em>Sphagnum</em> mosses simulated in this study provide a reference for the development of management and conservation strategies for <em>Sphagnum</em> bogs.</span></p>
Global potential invasion maps of traded birds under climate and land-cover change
<p>Biological invasions rank among the top five threatening factors affecting biodiversity, but ongoing changes in climate and land cover might exacerbate risks. We used species distribution models for 609 traded bird species on the CITES list to examine the combined effects of projected climate change and land-cover change worldwide on the potential range expansion of bird species with commercial value as pets. The maps of potential invasion (may be inferred as the invasion risk) have been provided in the main manuscript and here, the potential invasion dataset for the current and future times is provided including the species distribution maps, all as GeoTiff files. The maps for the future time are provided for different future years and over a range of climate scenarios (SSP245, SSP370, and SSP585).</p>
Plant secondary metabolic responses to global climate change: A meta-analysis in medicinal and aromatic plants
<p><span>Plant secondary metabolites (SMs) play crucial roles in plant-environment interactions and contribute greatly to human health. Global climate changes are expected to dramatically affect plant secondary metabolism, yet a systematic understanding of such influences is still lacking. Here, we employed medicinal and aromatic plants (MAAPs) as model plant taxa and performed a meta-analysis from 360 publications using 1828 paired observations to assess the responses of different SMs levels and the accompanying plant traits to elevated carbon dioxide (eCO<sub>2</sub>), elevated temperature (eT), elevated nitrogen deposition (eN), and decreased precipitation (dP). The overall results showed that phenolic and terpenoid levels generally respond positively to eCO<sub>2</sub> but negatively to eN, while the total alkaloid concentration was increased remarkably by eN. By contrast, dP promotes the levels of all SMs, while eT exclusively exerts a positive influence on the levels of phenolic compounds. Further analysis highlighted the dependence of SM responses on different moderators such as plant functional types, climate change levels or exposure durations, mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation. Moreover, plant phenolic and terpenoid responses to climate changes could be attributed to the variations in C/N ratio and total soluble sugar levels, while the <em>trade-off</em> supposition contributed to SM responses to climate changes other than eCO<sub>2</sub>. Taken together, our results predicted the distinctive SM responses to diverse climate changes in MAAPs, and allowed us to define potential moderators responsible for these variations. Further, linking SM responses to C-N metabolism and growth-defence balance provided biological understandings in terms of plant secondary metabolic regulation.</span></p>
Global Urban Activity Changes from COVID-19 Physical Distancing Restrictions Dataset: TRacking Anomalous COVID-19 induced changEs in NightTime Lights (TRACE-NTL)
<p>We use satellite-derived (NASA Black Marble) nighttime lights to identify, quantify, and map daily changes in human activity that are atypical for each urban area, globally, from the beginning of the pandemic until two years after its onset. The dataset TRACE-NTL consists of global daily urban disruption and recovery metrics as a response to COVID-19.</p> <p>TRACE-NTL:</p> <p>├───ancillary<br>├───data<br>└───metrics<br> ├───disruption<br> │ ├───change_segment<br> │ ├───city_uncertainty<br> │ ├───daily_change<br> │ └───daily_qa_flags<br> └───recovery</p> <p><a title="Dataset description" href="https://github.com/srijac/covid-19_Nightlights">https://github.com/srijac/covid-19_Nightlights</a></p> <p>Accompanying paper: Accompanying paper: Chakraborty, S., Stokes, E.C. & Alexander, O. Global urban activity changes from COVID-19 physical distancing restrictions. <em>Sci Data</em> <strong>12</strong>, 98 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-04398-x </p>
Data for isolation-by-environment and its consequences for range shifts with global change: Landscape genomics of the invasive common tansy
<p>Invasive species are a growing global economic and ecological problem. However, it is not well understood how environmental factors mediate invasive range expansion. In this study, we investigated the recent and rapid range expansion of common tansy across environmental gradients in Minnesota, U.S.A. We densely sampled individuals across the expanding range and performed reduced representation sequencing to generate a dataset of 3071 polymorphic loci for 176 individuals. The dataset includes additional samples from the native range in Finland that were not used in the downstream analysis but are contributed for completeness. The dataset includes the genotype calls for all individuals sampled and sequenced. The genotype file was generated by stacks2.59 running the denovo pipeline and then using the populations function where we kept loci that were in 70% of populations and had a minor allele frequency of at least 1%. We used non-spatial and spatially-explicit analyses to determine the relative influences of geographic distance and environmental variation on patterns of genomic variation. We found no evidence for isolation-by-distance (IBD) but strong evidence for isolation-by-environment (IBE), indicating that environmental factors may have modulated patterns of range expansion.</p>
Processed Data for Short Gianotti et al., "Two Sub-Annual Time-Scales and Coupling Modes for Terrestrial Water and Carbon Cycles" (2024), Global Change Biology.
<p>These files include all data used to create Figures in Short Gianotti et al., "Two Sub-Annual Time-Scales and Coupling Modes for Terrestrial Water and Carbon Cycles" (2024), Global Change Biology. Raw data provenances and methodological processing are cited in the published manuscript.</p> <p>See README file for metadata information.</p>
Near real-time ultrahigh-resolution imaging from unmanned aerial vehicles for sustainable land use management and biodiversity conservation in semi-arid savanna under regional and global change (SAVMAP)
<p>To prevent aggravation of existing poverty in semi-arid savannas, a comprehensive concept for the sustainable adaptive management and use of these ecosystems under unprecedented conditions is needed. SAVMAP is an innovative, trans-, and inter-disciplinary initiative whose goal is to develop a valuable monitoring tool for both sustainable land-use management and rare species conservation (black rhinoceros) in semi-arid savanna in Namibia. SAVMAP uses near real-time ultrahigh-resolution photographic imaging (NURI) facilitated by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) designed at EPFL.</p>
The effect of eutrophication and global change on heterocystous cyanobacteria in freshwater lakes
<p>Eutrophication and global change have been suggested to promote cyanobacterial blooms. <em>Anabaena, Aphanizomenon and Cylindrospermopsis</em> are heterocystous genera of toxin-producing cyanobacteria. It is yet unclear how eutrophication and climate change will impact heterocystous cyanobacteria. This study investigates the effects of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), TN:TP ratio, temperature, pH and trophic state on the relative abundance of three heterocystous cyanobacteria, using data of 999 lakes obtained from the National Lake Assessment 2012 (NLA) of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It was demonstrated that elevated TN and TP levels, as well as higher pH levels are related to higher abundance of heterocystous cyanobacteria. <em>Cylindrospermopsis</em> is correlated with TN and temperature, <em>Aphanizomenon</em> is related with TP and negatively correlated to TN:TP. All three heterocysts are correlated with pH. Eutrophication has a higher effect on the relative abundance of heterocystous cyanobacteria than the increased temperatures and increased CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations. Decreasing the concentration of nitrogen and especially phosphorus in lakes may limit the relative abundance of heterocystous cyanobacteria in fresh waters.</p>
It's a wormy world: Meta-analysis reveals several decades of change in the global abundance of the parasitic nematodes Anisakis spp. and Pseudoterranova spp. in marine fishes and invertebrates
<p>The Anthropocene has brought substantial change to ocean ecosystems, but whether this age will bring more or less marine disease is unknown. In recent years, the accelerating tempo of epizootic and zoonotic disease events has made it seem as if disease is on the rise. Is this apparent increase in disease due to increased observation and sampling effort, or to an actual rise in the abundance of parasites and pathogens? We examined the literature to track long-term change in the abundance of two parasitic nematode genera with zoonotic potential: <em>Anisakis</em> spp. and <em>Pseudoterranova</em> spp. These anisakid nematodes cause the disease anisakidosis and are transmitted to humans in undercooked and raw marine seafood. A total of 123 papers published between 1967 and 2017 met our criteria for inclusion, from which we extracted 755 host–parasite–location–year combinations. Of these, 69.7% concerned <em>Anisakis</em> spp. and 30.3% focused on <em>Pseudoterranova</em> spp. Meta-regression revealed an increase in <em>Anisakis</em> spp. abundance (average number of worms/ fish) over a 53 year period from 1962 to 2015 and no significant change in <em>Pseudoterranova</em> spp. abundance over a 37 year period from 1978 to 2015. Standardizing changes to the period of 1978–2015, so that results are comparable between genera, we detected a significant 283-fold increase in <em>Anisakis</em> spp. abundance and no change in the abundance of <em>Pseudoterranova</em> spp. This increase in <em>Anisakis</em> spp. abundance may have implications for human health, marine mammal health, and fisheries profitability.</p>
Data from: Usefulness and limitations of thermal performance curves in predicting ectotherm development under global change
1. Thermal performance curves (TPCs) have been estimated in multiple temperate ectotherm species and used to predict the effect of global warming. However, TPCs are typically assessed under constant temperature regimes, so their reliability for predicting thermal responses in the wild where temperature fluctuates diurnally and seasonally remains poorly documented. 2. Here we use distant latitudinal populations of five species of sepsid flies (Diptera: Sepsidae) from the temperate region (Europe, North Africa, North America) to compare estimates derived from constant TPCs with observed development rate under fluctuating temperatures in laboratory and field conditions. 3. TPCs changed across gradients in that flies originating from higher latitudes or altitudes showed accelerated development, an adaptive response. TPCs were then used to predict development rates observed under fluctuating temperatures; these predictions were relatively accurate in the laboratory but not in the field. Interestingly, the precision of TPC-predictions depended not only on the resolution of temperature data, with diurnal and overall temperature summing performing better than hourly temperature summing, but also on the frequency of temperatures falling below the estimated critical minimum temperature. Hourly temperature resolution most strongly underestimated actual development rates, because flies apparently either did not stop growing when temperatures dropped below this threshold, or they speed up their growth when the temperature rises again, thus most severely reflecting this error. 4. We conclude that when flies do not encounter cold temperatures, TPC-predictions based on constant temperatures can accurately reflect performance under fluctuating temperatures if adequately adjusted for non-linearities, but when they encounter cold temperatures this method is more error-prone. 5. Our study emphasizes the importance of the resolution of temperature data and cold temperatures in shaping thermal reaction norms, thus improving predictions of the responses of ectotherms to climate change in the age of big data and citizen science.
Abundance decline in the avifauna of the European Union reveals global similarities in biodiversity change: Input datasets & species results
<p>This archive contain the two input datasets of bird population estimates and trend estimates underpinning the journal article: <strong>Abundance decline in the avifauna of the European Union reveals global similarities in biodiversity change. </strong>It also contains the species level results obtained from the Bayesian hierarchical model described in section 2.2.1 of the paper.</p>
Data to reproduce paper: Submesoscale effects on changes to export production under global warming
<p>Data to reproduce paper: Submesoscale effects on changes to export production under global warming</p> <p>Paper is being submitted to the AGU journal Global Biogeochemical Cycles. A pre-print copy of the submitted paper will be available on essoar.org</p> <p>Matlab data files contain data to reproduce all figures in the paper and supplement</p> <p>Zipped files contain the input files for ROMS (Regional Ocean Modeling System) to re-run the simulations, when combined with the netcdf files for initial and boundary conditions. </p> <p>Pdf and image files are copies of the paper figures; supplement2_CodeDataList has a table matching the code and data for each figure. </p> <p>Matlab software is at github.com/gjayb/submesoBioROMS/ and will be archived here on Zenodo as well.</p> <p>The Bipit code for the biological model within ROMS is archived at <a href="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5716181">doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5716181</a>, within tpos-roms-v.1.0.0\ROMS\Nonlinear\Biology </p> <p>This work was primarily funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under grants OCE-1658550 and OCE-1658541. This material is based on work supported by the National Center for Atmospheric Research, which is a major facility sponsored by the NSF under Cooperative Agreement No. 1852977. Computing and data storage resources, including the Cheyenne supercomputer (doi:10.5065/D6RX99HX), were provided by the Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) at NCAR. We thank all the scientists, software engineers, and administrators who contributed to the development of CESM. <br> DBW acknowledges additional support from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NA18OAR4310408) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (80NSSC19K1116). GJB acknowledges additional support from a Janney grant awarded by the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. </p>
Temperature as a likely driver shaping global patterns in mineralogical composition in bryozoans: Implications for marine calcifiers under Global Change
<p><span>The Southern Ocean is showing one of the most rapid responses to human-induced global change, thus acting as a sentinel of the effects on marine species and ecosystems. Ocean warming and acidification are already impacting benthic species with carbonate skeletons, but the magnitude of these changes to species and ecosystems remains largely unknown. Here we provide the largest carbonate mineralogical dataset to date for Southern Ocean bryozoans, which are diverse, abundant and important as carbonate producers, thus making them excellent for monitoring the effects of ocean warming and acidification. </span><span>To</span><span> improve our </span><span>understanding of how bryozoans might respond to ocean warming and acidification,</span><span> we assess latitudinal and seafloor temperature patterns of skeletal mineralogy using bryozoan species occurrences together with temperature data for the first time. Our findings, combining new mineralogical data with published data from warmer regions, show that the proportions of high-Mg calcite and bimineralic species increase significantly towards lower latitudes and with increasing seawater temperature. These patterns are consistent with the hypothesis that seawater temperature is likely a significant driver of variations in bryozoan mineralogy at a global scale.</span></p>
Changing patterns of the East Asian monsoon drive shifts in migration and abundance of a globally important rice pest
<p>Numerous insects including pests and beneficial species undertake windborne migrations over hundreds of kilometers. In East Asia, climate-induced changes in large-scale atmospheric circulation systems are affecting wind-fields and precipitation zones and these, in turn, are changing migration patterns. We examined the consequences in a serious rice pest, the brown planthopper (BPH, <em>Nilaparvata</em> <em>lugens</em>) in East China. BPH cannot overwinter in temperate East Asia, and infestations there are initiated by several waves of windborne spring or summer migrants originating from tropical areas in Indochina. The East Asian Summer monsoon, characterized by abundant rainfall and southerly winds, is of critical importance for these northward movements. We analyzed a 42-year dataset of meteorological parameters and catches of BPH from a standardized network of 341 light-traps in South and East China. We show that south of the Yangtze River during summer, southwesterly winds have weakened and rainfall increased, while the summer precipitation has decreased further north on the Jianghuai Plain. Together, these changes have resulted in shorter migratory journeys for BPH leaving South China. As a result, immigration levels of pest outbreaks of BPH in the key rice-growing area of the Lower Yangtze River Valley (LYRV) have declined since 2001. We show that these changes to the East Asian summer monsoon weather parameters are driven by shifts in the position and intensity of the Western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) system that have occurred in the last 20 years. As a result, the relationship between WPSH intensity and BPH immigration that was previously used to predict the size of the immigration to the LYRV has now broken down. Our results demonstrate that migration patterns of a serious rice pest have shifted in response to the climate-induced changes in precipitation and wind pattern, with significant consequences for the population management of migratory pests.</p>
Global beta-diversity of angiosperm trees is shaped by Quaternary climate change
<p>This release contains the code and data used in the paper: Wu-Bing Xu et al., Global beta-diversity of angiosperm trees is shaped by Quaternary climate change. <em>Sci. Adv. </em><strong>9</strong>, eadd8553 (2023). DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.add8553">10.1126/sciadv.add8553</a></p>
Effects of global change on bird and beetle populations in boreal forest landscape: an assemblage dissimilarity analysis
Aim <p>Despite an increasing number of studies highlighting the impacts of climate change on boreal species, the main factors that will drive changes in species assemblages remain ambiguous. We study how species community composition would change following anthropogenic and natural disturbances. We determine the main drivers of assemblage dissimilarity for bird and beetle communities.</p> Location <p>Côte-Nord, Québec, Canada.</p> Methods <p>We quantify two climate-induced pathways based on direct and indirect effects on species occurrence under different harvest management scenarios. The direct climate effects illustrate the impact of climate variables while the indirect effects are reflected through habitat-based climate change. We develop empirical models to predict the distribution of more than 100 species over the next century. We analyze the regional and the latitudinal species assemblage dissimilarity by decomposing it into<em> </em>'balanced variation in species occupancy and occurrence' and 'occupancy and occurrence gradient'. </p> Results <p>Both pathways increased dissimilarity in species assemblage. At the regional scale, both effects have an impact on decreasing the number of winning species. Yet, responses are much larger in magnitude under mixed climate effects (a mixture of direct and indirect effects). Regional assemblage dissimilarity reached 0.77 and 0.69 under mixed effects versus 0.09 and 0.10 under indirect effects for beetles and birds, respectively, between RCP8.5 and baseline climate scenarios when considering harvesting. Latitudinally, assemblage dissimilarity increased following the climate conditions pattern. </p> Main conclusions <p>The two pathways are complementary and alter biodiversity, mainly caused by species turnover. Yet, responses are much larger in magnitude under mixed climate effects. Therefore, the inclusion of climatic variables considers aspects other than just those related to forest landscapes, such as life cycles of animal species. Moreover, we expect differences in occupancy between the two studied taxa. This could indicate the potential range of change in boreal species concerning novel environmental conditions.</p>
The legacy of one hundred years of climate change for organic carbon stocks in global agricultural topsoils - full dataset
<p>This zip folder contains a txt and a shp file with predicted soil organic carbon stocks for a total of 931149 points on agricultural land across the globe at three different timepoints. The initial value (2018) for the scenarios c (constant carbon input) and v (variable carbon input) was derived from the FAO GSP Global SOC map published in 2018. the values in 1969 and 1919 are the results of backwards modelling with RothC model to estimate past climate change effects on SOC stocks. Details can be found in the publication " The legacy of one hundred years of climate change for organic carbon stocks in global agricultural topsoils" as published in Scientific Reports.</p>
Upper thermal limits of Hediste diversicolor under global and local change scenarios
<p>Raw data on wet weight and upper thermal tolerance limits (CTMax) of the ragworm <em>Hediste diversicolor</em> collected at Ria de Aveiro (Portugal) and subjected to a combination of different temperatures (24, 27 and 30 ºC) and salinities (20 and 30) after 29 days of acclimation. Wet weight data was obtained post-CTMax assay.</p>
MAgPIE model runs csv for plotting: Climate change-driven global land-use system adaptation under CMIP6-based crop model projections
<p>This .zip file contains the data used to create the figures for the paper. It includes .csv files and .nc files for maps. This version includes additional files like the mapping between countries and MAgPIE're economic regions.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.