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2,762 results for “Heating”
In-situ Heating-Stage EBSD Validation of Algorithms for Prior-Austenite Grain Reconstruction in Steel
<p>High temperature EBSD and dilatometry data from the manuscript "In-situ Heating-Stage EBSD Validation of Algorithms for Prior-Austenite Grain Reconstruction in Steel". This includes Gifs of the martensitic and bainitic phase transformations, individual frames as Tiff files and as CTF files. It also includes thermocouple read outs from the in-situ crucible and the raw data from the dilatometry experiments.</p>
Data and analysis scripts for: Recent acceleration in global ocean heat accumulation by mode and intermediate waters
<p>The folder contains the MATLAB code and data to re-create Figures 1-9 and S1-3 within the publication by <em>Li, Z., England, M. H., & Groeskamp, S. Recent acceleration in global ocean heat accumulation by mode and intermediate waters, Nature Communications</em>, 2023.</p>
Scale-dependent interactions between tree canopy cover and impervious surfaces reduce daytime urban heat during summer
As cities warm and the need for climate adaptation strategies increases, a more detailed understanding of the cooling effects of land-cover across a continuum of spatial scales will be necessary to guide management decisions. We asked how tree canopy cover and impervious surface cover interact to influence daytime and nighttime summer air temperature, and how effects vary with the spatial scale at which land-cover data are analyzed (10, 30, 60 and 90-m radii). A bicycle-mounted measurement system was used to sample air temperature every 5 m along 10 transects (about 7 km length, sampled 3-12 times each) spanning a range of impervious and tree canopy cover (0 to 100%, each) in a mid-sized city in the Upper Midwest, USA. Variability in daytime air temperature within the urban landscape averaged 3.5 degreeC (range 1.1 to 5.7 degreeC). Temperature decreased nonlinearly with increasing canopy cover, with the greatest cooling when canopy cover exceeded 40%. The magnitude of daytime cooling also increased with spatial scale, and was greatest at the size of a typical city block (60-90 m). Daytime air temperature increased linearly with increasing impervious cover, but the magnitude of warming was less than the cooling associated with increased canopy cover. Variation in nighttime air temperature averaged 2.1C (range 1.2 to 3.0 degreeC), and temperature increased with impervious surface. Effects of canopy were limited at night; thus, reduction of impervious surfaces remains critical for reducing nighttime urban heat. Results suggest strategies for managing urban land-cover patterns to enhance resilience of cities to climate warming.
Eight Mile Lake Research Watershed, Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating Research (CiPEHR): Aboveground plant biomass, 2009-2017. (Reformatted to a Darwin Core Archive)
This data package is formatted as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A, event core). For more information on Darwin Core see https://www.tdwg.org/standards/dwc/. This Level 2 data package was derived from the Level 1 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/edi/275/6, which was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-bnz/501/17. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: The Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating Research (CiPEHR) project addresses the following questions: 1) Does ecosystem warming cause a net release of C from the ecosystem to the atmosphere?, 2) Does the decomposition of old C that comprises the bulk of the soil C pool influence ecosystem C loss?, and 3) How do winter and summer warming alone, and in combination, affect ecosystem C exchange? We are answering these questions using a combination of field and laboratory experiments to measure ecosystem carbon balance and radiocarbon isotope ratios at a warming experiment located in an upland tundra field site near Healy, Alaska in the foothills of the Alaska Range. This data set includes aboveground plant biomass from winter warming, summer warming, and control treatment plots at CiPEHR.
Eight Mile Lake Research Watershed, Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating Research (CiPEHR): The radiocarbon value of ecosystem respiration, 2009-2012 I: Reco.
In this larger study, we are asking the question: Is old carbon that comprises the bulk of the soil organic matter pool released in response to thawing of permafrost? We are answering this question by using a combination of field and laboratory experiments to measure radiocarbon isotope ratios in soil organic matter, soil respiration, and decomposition in tundra ecosystems. The objective of these proposed measurements is to develop a mechanistic understanding of the SOM sources contributing to C losses following permafrost thawing. We are making these measurements at an established tundra field site near Healy, Alaska in the foothills of the Alaska Range. Field measurements center on a natural experiment where permafrost has been observed to warm and thaw over the past several decades. This area represents a gradient of sites each with a different degree of change due to permafrost thawing. As such, this area is unique for addressing questions at the time and spatial scales relevant for change in arctic ecosystems. This data set includes the growing season radiocarbon values of ecosystem and plant respiration at the thaw gradient and CiPEHR (a permafrost warming experiment). Depending on the year, the measurements were taken monthly during the growing season or just once a growing season.
Eight Mile Lake Research Watershed, Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating and Drying Research (CiPEHR and DryPEHR): Weekly 13C Keeling Plot Signatures of Ecosystem Respiration from CiPEHR, DryPEHR and vegetation removal plots, and auxilliary data, 2015
The Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating Research (CiPEHR) project addresses the following questions: 1) Does ecosystem warming cause a net release of C from the ecosystem to the atmosphere?, 2) Does the decomposition of old C, that comprises the bulk of the soil C pool, influence ecosystem C loss?, and 3) How do winter and summer warming alone, and in combination, affect ecosystem C exchange? We are answering these questions using a combination of field and laboratory experiments to measure ecosystem carbon balance and radiocarbon isotope ratios at a warming experiment located in an upland tundra field site near Healy, Alaska in the foothills of the Alaska Range. How does warming and water table change impact the phenology of dominant plant species? We are answering these questions using a combined warming and drying experiment (DryPEHR), which is situated with the Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating Research (CiPEHR) project and located in an upland tundra field site near Healy, Alaska in the foothills of the Alaska Range. Warming treatment here refers to growing season air temperature warming (~1C) using open top chambers (OTC) combined with soil 'warming' using snow fences during the snow covered months. Drying is achieved using an automated pumping system that lowers the water table in the dry plots. Soil warming and OTC air warming on CIPEHR plots began in 2008; OTCs and drying on DryPEHR in 2011, though the soil warming effect had legacy since 2008. Vegetation removal was done outside the CiPEHR footprint, in July 2012. All vegetation was clipped at the surface and plots were trenched to 30cm, regrowth was prevented by frequent weeding and by 2015 very little new growth was observed in the plots. Vegetation removal plots were paired with undisturbed, vegetated plots. The data presented here specifically addresses the questions, 1) What is the seasonal signal of ecosystem respiration 13C during the growing season, from snow melt to snow fall, 2) How
Urban heat island: temperature climate trends in central Arizona-Phoenix: period 1948 to 2007
The question was to what degree are summer minimum temperature climate trends in the latter half of the 20th and early part of the 21st century attributed to local urban development as opposed to global climate change? The approach was to select a range of towns/cities in CA, NV, and AZ for which a pairing of sites from a town/city and a site outside that town/city was possible. Climate records for the period 1948 to 2007 were accessed, and statistical time trends determined for the urban vs. rural locations for towns/cities over a considerable range of population (i.e., from 3.5K to 3.2M). The urban heat island effect increased with the natural log of the population, ranging from a total change in minimum monthly temperatures of ca. 1.5F to over 12F over the population range of 3.5K to 3.2M. These rates of change in the 1948-2007 period overwhelm any background global climate change, with the exception of the rural sites and smaller towns. This study for the first time identified the temperature trends of a range of towns and cities in the Sonoran and Mojave deserts to unravel the impact of urban warming from that of global warming in the contemporary global warming era sometimes called the Anthropocene era. Previous literature investigatin these sites were only up to 1984 or did not address the urban warming contribution. The impact depends on land cover and extent of population development over time.
Individually experienced temperatures: a heat exposure study in five greater Phoenix, AZ area neighborhoods (2014)
Urban environmental health hazards, including exposure to extreme heat, have become increasingly important to understand in light of ongoing climate change and urbanization. Most current knowledge about heat-health risks is based on measurements of outdoor air temperatures. Further, neighborhoods are often considered a homogenous and appropriate unit with which to assess risk and implement intervention strategies. Little is known about temperatures individuals actually experience within neighborhoods and cities, given differential access to cooling resources, complex activity patterns, and heterogeneous thermal and social environments. This dataset contains information collected during a study about individually experienced temperatures (IETs) within and between neighborhoods in Phoenix, Arizona. In September 2014, 80 research participants were recruited from 5 Phoenix-area neighborhoods and equipped with air temperature sensors that recorded IETs as they went about their daily lives. Surveys, activity log phone calls, and exit interviews were used to collect additional information from participants about demographics (age, race, gender), housing status, activities during the week, lifestyle, occupation, orientation toward the neighborhood, uses of indoor and outdoor spaces as well as public and private cooling resources. 86% of participants (69 out of 80) filled out background surveys, 89% of participants (71 out of 80) filled out daily surveys, 31% of participants (25 out of 80) engaged in activity log calls, and 48% of participants (39 out of 80) participated in exit interviews. The research team found that 1) variance in mean IET was relatively equal within each neighborhood and 2) significant differences existed in average mean IETs between neighborhoods. Data collected in this study help explain how intra-city differences in outdoor temperatures manifest themselves into IETs of urban residents. Individual differences are an overlooked determinant of heat expos
Social and Heat Vulnerability Indices in Phoenix, Arizona
Vulnerability indices and maps are commonly employed by researchers and practitioners to assess hazard risk by combining variables that are theoretically or empirically associated with hazard outcomes and spatially visualizing those combined variables. For this dataset, we followed established methods to produce two vulnerability indices for 358 census tracts in the City of Phoenix, Arizona for the year 2016: the all-hazards Social Vulnerability Index (SoVI) and a specific hazards Heat Vulnerability Index (HVI). For SoVI, we compiled 27 social variables from the 2012-2016 American Community Survey (ACS); for HVI, we compiled seven social variables from the 2012-2016 ACS, one variable regarding residential air conditioning prevalence from the Maricopa County Assessor’s Office, and two variables related to vegetation density from Landsat 8 remote sensing imagery. Lastly, we conducted principal components analysis on each of the indices respective variables and then summed the resulting component scores for each census tract to produce the index values which we then spatially joined to the Phoenix census tracts.
Infilled climate and heat flux data for Tvan towers data loggers (CR3000), 2008 - ongoing.
Two identical 3-meter towers were installed near T-Van in 2007, and continuous meteorological and eddy covariance data are presented beginning in 2008. The sampling interval was 5 seconds for the meteorological data and 10 Hz for the eddy covariance data, and 30-minute means of all variables were calculated using a Campbell Scientific CR3000 datalogger. The 30-minute mean data were subsequently averaged to create this 24-hour mean dataset. Information about specific sensors, instrumental orientation, units, and data post-processing and infilling procedures are contained in the metadata for this file.
Light micrographs on the morphological response to heat stress in the filamentous Zygnematophyceae Mougeotia sp. and Spirogyra pratensis
<p>Herein are the light micrographs of <em>Mougeotia</em> sp. and <em>Spirogyra pratensis</em> that were used to obtain the quantitative information for Figure 1 in the article "Heat stress response in the closest algal relatives of land plants reveals conserved stress signaling circuits" published in The Plant Journal, doi: 10.1111/tpj.14782</p>
Methods of Heat Transfer
<p>Visual explanation of the different types of Heat Transfer processes including: Convection, Radiation and Conduction.</p> <p>Conduction is explained with the changing of the color in the pan.</p> <p>Radiation is explained with arrows heading from th inside of the logs towards the outwards.</p> <p>Convection is explained with the evaporation and boiling of the water.</p>
Does ring current heating generate the observed O+ shell?: Numerical information for the figures
<p>This archive contains data files needed to reproduce selected figures from the following manuscript:</p> <p>Does ring current heating generate the observed O+ shell?<br> by J. Krall, J. D. Huba, and M.-C. Fok</p> <p>This manuscript was submitted to Geophyscial Research Letters in April, 2020</p> <p>In addition, this archive contains CIMI code output giving Coulomb heating losses from the ring current<br> and a SAMI3 subroutine that describes the heating function used to mimic ring current heating.</p>
Identifying functional impacts of heat-resistant fungi on boreal forest recovery after wildfire
<p>Fungi play key roles in carbon (C) dynamics of ecosystems: saprotrophs decompose organic material and return C in the nutrient cycle, and mycorrhizal species support plants that accumulate C through photosynthesis. The identities and functions of extremophile fungi present after fire can influence C dynamics, particularly because plant-fungal relationships are often species-specific. However, little is known about the function and distribution of fungi that survive fires. We aim to assess the distribution of heat-resistant soil fungi across burned stands of boreal forest in the Northwest Territories, Canada, and understand their functions in relation to decomposition and tree seedling growth. We cultured and identified fungi from heat-treated soils and linked sequences from known taxa with high throughput sequencing fungal data (Illumina MiSeq, ITS1) from soils collected in 47 plots. We assessed functions under controlled conditions by inoculating litter and seedlings with heat-resistant fungi to assess decomposition and effects on seedling growth, respectively, for black spruce (Picea mariana), birch (Betula papyrifera), and jack pine (Pinus banksiana). We also measured litter decomposition rates and seedling densities in the field without inoculation. We isolated seven taxa of heat-resistant fungi and found their relative abundances were not associated with environmental or fire characteristics. Under controlled conditions, Fayodia gracilipes and Penicillium arenicola decomposed birch, but no taxa decomposed black spruce litter significantly more than the control treatment. Seedlings showed reduced biomass and/or mortality when inoculated with at least one of the fungal taxa. Penicillium turbatum reduced growth and/or caused mortality of all three species of seedlings. In the field, birch litter decomposed faster in stands with greater pre-fire proportion of black spruce, while black spruce litter decomposed faster in stands experiencing longer fire-free intervals. Densities of seedlings that had germinated since fire were positively associated with ectomycorrhizal richness while there were fewer conifer seedlings with greater heat-resistant fungal abundance. Overall, our study suggests that extremophile fungi present after fires have multiple functions and may have unexpected negative effects on forest functioning and regeneration. In particular, heat-resistant fungi after fires may promote shifts away from conifer dominance that are observed in these boreal forests.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Heat Dissipation Test with single Fiber Optic cable
<p> A Heat Dissipation Test implies heating a conducting element within the saturated soil until its temperature increase reaches steady state while monitoring the temperature development of the heating element during heating and cooling phases. In this case, we used a single Fiber Optic (FO) cable to perform a Heat Dissipation Test, aiming to quantify groundwater flow. The FO cable is installed along the outer casing of a piezometer located in an unconsolidated shallow aquifer.</p> <p>The data presented here are the maximum temperature reached each depth, the filtered temperature increment for the most representative depths, and the resulting values of thermal conductivity and groundwater flow based on the interpretation of the recorded data.</p> <p>Additionally, we included all the raw data obtained from the heated cable installed in the N325 borehole which was calibrated externally. And finally, we added two more files were we included the smooth heating curves and log-derivative resulting from filtering all data obtained from the heat dissipation test.</p>
Dataset related to publication "Heating of hip joint implants in MRI: the combined effect of radiofrequency and switched-gradient fields"
<p>The datasets reported in the figures of the article "Heating of hip joint implants in MRI: the combined effect of radiofrequency and switched-gradient fields" by Alessandro Arduino, Umberto Zanovello, Jeff Hand, Luca Zilberti, Rüdiger Brühl, Mario Chiampi and Oriano Bottauscio, accepted for publication to Magnetic Resonance Imaging on Dec. 9th, 2020. A link to the article will be given after its final publication.</p>
Photovoltaic heat pump experiemental data
<p>A prototype of a photovoltaic heat pump (PV-HP) system has been implemented and characterized for cooling generation. The raw data obtained for two different control algorithms are presented here. </p>
Heat pump connected to floor heating
<p>Heat pump connected to floor heating.</p>
Data from: Heat tolerance is more variable than cold tolerance across species of Iberian lizards after controlling for intraspecific variation
<ol> <li>The widespread observation that heat tolerance is less variable than cold tolerance ('cold-tolerance asymmetry') leads to the prediction that species exposed to temperatures near their thermal maxima should have reduced evolutionary potential for adapting to climate warming. However, the prediction is largely supported by species-level global studies based on single estimates of both physiological metrics per taxon.</li> <li>We ask if cold-tolerance asymmetry holds for Iberian lizards after accounting for intraspecific variation in critical thermal maxima (CT<i><sub>max</sub></i>) and minima (CT<i><sub>min</sub></i>). To do so, we quantified CT<i><sub>max</sub></i> and CT<i><sub>min</sub></i> for 58 populations of 15 Iberian lizard species (299 individuals). Then, we randomly selected one population from each study species (population sample = 15 CT<i><sub>max</sub></i> and CT<i><sub>min</sub></i> values), tested for variance homoscedasticity across species, and repeated the test for thousands of population samples as if we had undertaken the same study thousands of times, each time sampling one different population per species.</li> <li>The ratio of variances in CT<i><sub>max</sub></i> to CT<i><sub>min</sub></i> across species varied up to 16-fold depending on the populations chosen. Variance ratios show how much CT<i><sub>max</sub></i> departs from the cross-species mean compared to CT<i><sub>min</sub></i>, with a unitary ratio indicating equal variance of both thermal limits. Sampling one population per species was six times more likely to result in the observation of greater CT<i><sub>max</sub></i> variance ('heat-tolerance asymmetry') than cold-tolerance asymmetry. The null hypothesis of equal variance was twice as likely for cases of cold-tolerance asymmetry than for the opposite scenario.</li> <li>Range-wide, population-level studies that quantify heat and cold tolerance of individual species are urgently needed to ascertain the global prevalence of cold-tolerance asymmetry. While broad latitudinal clines of cold tolerance have been strongly supported, heat tolerance might respond to smaller-scale climatic and habitat factors hence go unnoticed in global studies. Studies investigating physiological responses to climate change should incorporate the extent to which thermal traits are characteristic of individuals, populations and/or species.</li> </ol>
NACLIM - Fluxes: Hornbanki Section Atlantic inflow volume and heat fluxes
<p><strong>Last Update: 31 October 2014</strong></p> <p><strong>Data set:</strong> Atlantic inflow volume and heat fluxes at Hornbanki section </p> <p><strong>Description:</strong> Monthly mean of Atlantic inflow volume and heat transports </p> <p><strong>Period: </strong>January 1994 – July 2014</p> <p><strong>Location:</strong> 66°50′ N 21°30′ W (map) </p> <p><strong>Instruments: </strong>CTD, moored current meters </p> <p><strong>Variables:</strong> AW_transp, Heat_transp - Atlantic Water volume transport [Sv] and respective heat transport [TW]</p> <p><strong>Source:</strong> Steingrímur Jónsson and Hedinn Valdimarsson (MRI)</p>
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