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417 results for “IA”
Figure 5 from: Jiménez-Badillo ML, Meiners-Mandujano C, Galindo-Cortes G, Morillo-Velarde PS, González-Gómez R, Barriga-Sosa IA, Pliego-Cárdenas R (2021) The first record of Tremoctopus violaceus sensu stricto Delle Chiaje,1830 in southwestern Gulf of Mexico gives a hint of the taxonomic status of Tremoctopus gracilis. ZooKeys 1012: 55-69. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1012.55718
Figure 5 Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on 16S sequences showing the relationships of Tremoctopus violaceus. Only bootstrap values above 90 are shown. Records from the Hawaiian Islands and South Korea–Japan were likely misidentified and correspond to T. gracilis.
Supplementary material 1 from: Jiménez-Badillo ML, Meiners-Mandujano C, Galindo-Cortes G, Morillo-Velarde PS, González-Gómez R, Barriga-Sosa IA, Pliego-Cárdenas R (2021) The first record of Tremoctopus violaceus sensu stricto Delle Chiaje,1830 in southwestern Gulf of Mexico gives a hint of the taxonomic status of Tremoctopus gracilis. ZooKeys 1012: 55-69. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1012.55718
Data resources
Figure 3 from: Jiménez-Badillo ML, Meiners-Mandujano C, Galindo-Cortes G, Morillo-Velarde PS, González-Gómez R, Barriga-Sosa IA, Pliego-Cárdenas R (2021) The first record of Tremoctopus violaceus sensu stricto Delle Chiaje,1830 in southwestern Gulf of Mexico gives a hint of the taxonomic status of Tremoctopus gracilis. ZooKeys 1012: 55-69. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1012.55718
Figure 3 Photographic record of the Tremoctopus violaceus fresh specimen (135 mm ML) highlighting relevant characters for its taxonomic determination A, B dorsal and ventral view; arms unequal in length; one web between the four dorsal arms; two pairs of cephalic water pores, one pair located on dorsal surface of the head, slightly anterior to eyes at the base of first arms C second pair located ventrally, adjacent to funnel opening, at base of fourth arms; eyes large, laterally directed; funnel extends beyond eye level, distal one quarter free D bioluminescent tissue E biserial suckers on arms decreasing in size towards the distal portion F nuchal folds. To see the character dimensions, see Table 1. Scale bars: 10 cm (A–C).
Figure 1 from: Jiménez-Badillo ML, Meiners-Mandujano C, Galindo-Cortes G, Morillo-Velarde PS, González-Gómez R, Barriga-Sosa IA, Pliego-Cárdenas R (2021) The first record of Tremoctopus violaceus sensu stricto Delle Chiaje,1830 in southwestern Gulf of Mexico gives a hint of the taxonomic status of Tremoctopus gracilis. ZooKeys 1012: 55-69. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1012.55718
Figure 1 Observed distribution of Tremoctopus violaceus in Gulf of Mexico and adjacent areas based on Thomas (1977) (red dots), records contained in OBIS (2020) data base (yellow dots), and the new record from the southwestern Gulf of Mexico (present study; pink dot). Map prepared using Ocean Data View software (Schlitzer 2016).
Figure 2 from: Jiménez-Badillo ML, Meiners-Mandujano C, Galindo-Cortes G, Morillo-Velarde PS, González-Gómez R, Barriga-Sosa IA, Pliego-Cárdenas R (2021) The first record of Tremoctopus violaceus sensu stricto Delle Chiaje,1830 in southwestern Gulf of Mexico gives a hint of the taxonomic status of Tremoctopus gracilis. ZooKeys 1012: 55-69. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1012.55718
Figure 2 Photographic record of the Tremoctopus violaceus specimen (135 mm ML) in natural environment highlighting relevant characters for its taxonomic determination A ventral water pore B–D web of dorsal arms coiled on the ventral side and deployed when female was feeling threatened E egg mass F web displaying an iridescent greenish glow and a reddish brown color G–I evidence of autotomy: segments detached from interbrachial membrane showing slender arm, part of the connective tissue, circulatory system and chromatophores pattern characteristic of the species.
Supplementary material 1 from: Díaz-Hernández JA, Ugalde-Silva P, Berriozabal-Islas C, Novelo A, Hernández-Uc J, Arana-May A, Pech-Patrón SD, Nava-Jiménez IA, Borbolla-Vázquez J (2023) Aquatic microdiversity from urban cenotes in Cancun, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Subterranean Biology 46: 129-145. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.46.108082
Kinds of cenotes sampled
Figure 3 from: Nafisah W, Dalilati AZ, Christina YI, Atho'illah MF, Rifa'ia M, Noor TNETA, Nugraha AP (2024) Amstirdam coffee ameliorates Lp-PLA2 and the inflammatory response in an atherosclerosis rats. Pharmacia 71: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e106817
Figure 3 ACE administration increased the level of regulatory T cells in mice fed a high-fat, high-fructose diet for 5 months. The level of regulatory T cell A. CD4+CD25+CD62L+ subsets, B. CD4+CD25+IL-10+ subsets, and C. CD4+CD25+TGF-+subsets of mice fed with HFFD and administration of ACE from flow cytometry analysis. The percentage of regulatory T cell D. CD4+CD25+CD62L+ subsets, E. CD4+CD25+IL-10+ subsets, and F. CD4+CD25+TGF-+ subsets of mice fed with HFFD and administered ACE The data are mean SD (n = 5). N: normal-fed mice (non-high-fat-fructose diet); HFFD: high-fat-fructose diet mice (w/o administration of ACE); D1: HFFD mice receiving ACE 104 mg/kg body weight; D2: HFFD mice receiving ACE 520 mg/kg body weight; D3: HFFD mice receiving ACE 5200 mg/kg body weight. The different notation on the chart was considered significantly different for each group at p<0.05 and vice versa on the DMRT post hoc test.
Figure 5 from: Nafisah W, Dalilati AZ, Christina YI, Atho'illah MF, Rifa'ia M, Noor TNETA, Nugraha AP (2024) Amstirdam coffee ameliorates Lp-PLA2 and the inflammatory response in an atherosclerosis rats. Pharmacia 71: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e106817
Figure 5 The effect of ACE increased TGF-β production (CD4+TGF-β+) in mice fed with a high fat-fructose diet for 5 months. The expression of TGF-β (CD4+TGF-β+) of mice fed with HFFD and administration of ACE from flow cytometry analysis (Fig. 5G). The percentage of regulatory (CD4+IL-10+) of mice fed with HFFD and administration of ACE (Fig. 5H). Data are mean ± SD (n=5). N: normal fed mice (non-high fat-fructose diet), HFFD: high fat-fructose diet mice (w/o administration of ACE), D1: HFFD mice receiving ACE 104 mg/kg body weight, D2: HFFD mice receiving ACE 520 mg/kg BW, D3: HFFD mice receiving ACE 5200 mg/kg BW. The different notation on the chart was considered significantly different for each group at p < 0.05 and vice versa on DMRT post hoc test.
Figure 2 from: Nafisah W, Dalilati AZ, Christina YI, Atho'illah MF, Rifa'ia M, Noor TNETA, Nugraha AP (2024) Amstirdam coffee ameliorates Lp-PLA2 and the inflammatory response in an atherosclerosis rats. Pharmacia 71: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e106817
Figure 2 ACE administration reduced foam cells in aorta histopathology (M = 400×) in mice fed a high-fat, high-fructose diet for 5 months. The black arrow shows the accumulation of foam cells in the tunica media, and the asterisk (*) shows the lumen of the aorta. N: normal-fed mice (non-high-fat-fructose diet); HFFD: high-fat-fructose diet mice (w/o administration of ACE); D1: HFFD mice receiving ACE 104 mg/kg body weight; D2: HFFD mice receiving ACE 520 mg/kg body weight; D3: HFFD mice receiving ACE 5200 mg/kg body weight.
Figure 1 from: Nafisah W, Dalilati AZ, Christina YI, Atho'illah MF, Rifa'ia M, Noor TNETA, Nugraha AP (2024) Amstirdam coffee ameliorates Lp-PLA2 and the inflammatory response in an atherosclerosis rats. Pharmacia 71: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e106817
Figure 1 Reduction of Lp-PLA2 production after ACE treatment in mice fed a high-fat, high-fructose diet. The expression of Lp-PLA2 production in mice fed with HFFD and administered ACE was determined from flow cytometry analysis (Fig. 1A). The percentage of Lp-PLA2 production in mice fed with HFFD and administered ACE The data are mean SD (n = 5). N: normal-fed mice (non-high-fat-fructose diet); HFFD: high-fat-fructose diet mice (w/o administration of ACE); D1: HFFD mice receiving ACE 104 mg/kg body weight; D2: HFFD mice receiving ACE 520 mg/gram BW; D3: HFFD mice receiving ACE 5200 mg/kg BW. The different notation on the chart was considered significantly different for each group at p< 0.05 and vice versa on the DMRT post hoc test.
Figure 4 from: Nafisah W, Dalilati AZ, Christina YI, Atho'illah MF, Rifa'ia M, Noor TNETA, Nugraha AP (2024) Amstirdam coffee ameliorates Lp-PLA2 and the inflammatory response in an atherosclerosis rats. Pharmacia 71: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.71.e106817
Figure 4 Administration of ACE increased IL-10 production (CD4+IL-10+) in mice fed with a high-fat, high-fructose diet for 5 months. The expression of CD4+IL-10+ in mice fed with HFFD and administered ACE was determined by flow cytometry analysis (Fig. 4E). The percentage of regulatory cells (CD4+IL-10+) in mice fed with HFFD and administered ACE (Fig. 4F) The data are mean SD (n = 5). N: normal-fed mice (non-high-fat-fructose diet); HFFD: high-fat-fructose diet mice (w/o administration of ACE); D1: HFFD mice receiving ACE 104 mg/kg body weight; D2: HFFD mice receiving ACE 520 mg/kg body weight; D3: HFFD mice receiving ACE 5200 mg/kg body weight. The different notation on the chart was considered significantly different for each group at p < 0.05 and vice versa on the DMRT pos hoc test.
Figure 1 from: Fedorova LI, Kaygorodova IA (2022) First data on the Hirudinea fauna of lotic ecosystems of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area (Russia). ZooKeys 1082: 73-85. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1082.71859
Figure 1 Schematic map of geographic location of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area and studied lotic systems. River basins: I = Severnaya Sosva, II = Konda-Irtysh, III = Ob, and IV = Bolshoi Yugan.
Figure 4 from: Chen H-L, Al-Shehbaz IA, Qian L-S, Zhang J-W, Xu B, Zhang T-C, Yue J-P, Sun H (2022) Pulvinatusia (Brassicaceae), a new cushion genus from China and its systematic position. PhytoKeys 189: 9-28. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.189.77926
Figure 4 Maximum Likelihood cladogram of the Brassicaceae based on the plastome dataset. Maximum likelihood bootstraps (BS) are noted above the branch. Three Lineages of Brassicaceae (Beilstein et al. 2006; Walden et al. 2020) were marked.
Figure 3 from: Chen H-L, Al-Shehbaz IA, Qian L-S, Zhang J-W, Xu B, Zhang T-C, Yue J-P, Sun H (2022) Pulvinatusia (Brassicaceae), a new cushion genus from China and its systematic position. PhytoKeys 189: 9-28. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.189.77926
Figure 3 Bayesian Inference topology of the Brassicaceae relationships based on the nuclear ITS dataset. Bayesian inference posterior probability (PP) and maximum parsimony bootstrap (BS) are noted.
Figure 2 from: Chen H-L, Al-Shehbaz IA, Qian L-S, Zhang J-W, Xu B, Zhang T-C, Yue J-P, Sun H (2022) Pulvinatusia (Brassicaceae), a new cushion genus from China and its systematic position. PhytoKeys 189: 9-28. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.189.77926
Figure 2 Images of Pulvinatusia xuegulaensisA and B fruiting plants C fruits D septum and replum E and F seeds G and H flowering plants I and J stems K leaves. Scales bars: 1 mm. – Photos: A–F & I–K by Lishen Qian G and H by Jianwen Zhang.
Figure 1 from: Chen H-L, Al-Shehbaz IA, Qian L-S, Zhang J-W, Xu B, Zhang T-C, Yue J-P, Sun H (2022) Pulvinatusia (Brassicaceae), a new cushion genus from China and its systematic position. PhytoKeys 189: 9-28. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.189.77926
Figure 1 Habitat and geographic distribution of Pulvinatusia xuegulaensisA–C alpine meadow habitat, white arrow in A points to the location, white arrows in B and C point to P. xuegulaensisD geographic distribution of P. xuegulaensis, marked with green circle. – Photos: A by Jianwen Zhang B and C by Lishen Qian.
Who's for dinner? Bird prey diversity and choice in the great evening bat, Ia io
<p>The mysterious predator-prey interaction between bats and nocturnally migrating birds is a very rare and incredible process in natural ecosystems. So far only three avivorous bat species, including two noctule bats (<em>Nyctalus lasiopterus</em> and <em>Nyctalus aviator</em>) and the great evening bat (<em>Ia io</em>), are known to regularly prey on songbirds during nocturnal avian migration. The information related to the diversity and the characteristics of the birds as prey, as well as the hunting strategy in both species of noctule bats are already clear. However, the diversity of bird prey in the diet of <em>I. io</em> as confirmed by molecular identification remains unknown. Moreover, like hunting insects, it remains unclear if the avivorous bats opportunistically prey on birds. Here, we used DNA metabarcoding to investigate the bird prey composition, diversity, and choice in diets of <em>I. io</em>. We found <em>I. io</em> consumed 22 species of seven families from Passeriformes with a body mass of 6–19 g, and preferentially selected small-sized passerine birds for optimizing the benefit/risk trade-off. Moreover, most of the species preyed upon were migratory birds, while four species were local resident birds, indicating that <em>I. io</em> may adopt both aerial-hawking and gleaning strategies on songbirds as do the other two noctules. Further, <em>I. io</em> body mass did not influence in prey choice and predation richness on birds, suggesting <em>I. io</em> is an opportunistic avivorous predator. This study provides novel insights into the avian dietary ecology of <em>I. io</em> and completes the analysis of predator/prey interaction between three avivorous bats and nocturnally migrating birds. Our results also indicate bat predation on birds which occurs as an act of ecological opportunity may subject bats to intense natural selection pressure, causing them access to the new diet-defined adaptive zones.</p>
Supplementary material 3 from: Kendig AE, Canavan S, Anderson PJ, Flory SL, Gettys LA, Gordon DR, Iannone III BV, Kunzer JM, Petri T, Pfingsten IA, Lieurance D (2022) Scanning the horizon for invasive plant threats using a data-driven approach. NeoBiota 74: 129-154. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.74.83312
Table S2
Supplementary material 2 from: Kendig AE, Canavan S, Anderson PJ, Flory SL, Gettys LA, Gordon DR, Iannone III BV, Kunzer JM, Petri T, Pfingsten IA, Lieurance D (2022) Scanning the horizon for invasive plant threats using a data-driven approach. NeoBiota 74: 129-154. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.74.83312
Table S1
Supplementary material 4 from: Kendig AE, Canavan S, Anderson PJ, Flory SL, Gettys LA, Gordon DR, Iannone III BV, Kunzer JM, Petri T, Pfingsten IA, Lieurance D (2022) Scanning the horizon for invasive plant threats using a data-driven approach. NeoBiota 74: 129-154. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.74.83312
Table S3
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