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462 results for “InVEST”
Relative forelimb-hindlimb investment is associated with flight style, foraging strategy, and nestling period, but not nest type
<p>We investigated Dial's 2003 hypothesis that birds that rely more heavily upon flight as their primary mode of locomotion and thus invest more in their forelimbs than hindlimbs will experience selection for smaller body sizes, greater altriciality, and more complex nests. To test this hypothesis, we examined the skeletons of over 2,000 individuals from 313 species representing the majority of avian families and all major branches of the avian tree. We used the lengths of the sternal keel and long bones of the wing relative to the lengths of the leg long bones as an index of relative locomotor investment. We found that locomotor investment was predicted by flight style, foraging method, and length of nestling period, supporting Dial's hypothesis. Soaring birds and birds with more acrobatic flight styles, birds whose foraging methods were heavily reliant upon flight, and whose young spent more time in the nest tended to invest more in their forelimbs relative to hindlimbs. Nest type and body size were not significant predictors of relative forelimb-hindlimb investment, however, suggesting that the relationships among flight style, locomotor investment, and life history are not as tightly intertwined as Dial originally hypothesized.</p>
Strategic low-cost energy investment opportunities and challenges towards achieving universal electricity access (SDG7) in forty-eight African nations.
<p>This dataset underpins the study "Strategic low-cost energy investment opportunities and challenges towards achieving universal electricity access (SDG7) in forty-eight African nations".</p> <p>The study provides insights into energy supply and demand, power generation, investments and total system costs, SD7 indicators, job creation as well as carbon dioxide emissions for each African nation (48 in total).</p> <p>An energy systems model enhanced with geospatial data was developed to evaluate energy supply requirements to cover the energy needs of the African continent during the period 2015-2030 and achieve universal access by 2030. The model was developed using the open-source modeling system for long-term energy planning OSeMOSYS and the geospatial electrification outlook (GEP). The objective function is to minimise the total energy system costs. </p> <p>The results can be found https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6468262</p>
Strategic low-cost energy investment opportunities and challenges towards achieving universal electricity access (SDG7) in forty-eight African nations
<p>The attached modeling results underpin the study "Strategic low-cost energy investment opportunities and challenges towards achieving universal electricity access (SDG7) in forty-eight African nations".</p> <p>The study provides insights into energy supply and demand, power generation, investments and total system costs, SD7 indicators, job creation as well as carbon dioxide emissions for each African nation (48 in total).</p> <p>An energy systems model enhanced with geospatial data was developed to evaluate energy supply requirements to cover the energy needs of the African continent during the period 2015-2030 and achieve universal access by 2030. The model was developed using the open-source modeling system for long-term energy planning OSeMOSYS and the geospatial electrification outlook (GEP). The objective function is to minimise the total energy system costs. </p> <p>The TEMBA model produces aggregate energy, and detailed power system results in each country in the African continent. The power sector results are also reported with power pool aggregation.</p> <p>The OSeMOSYS model and input data used to produce these results can be found at JoPapp/jrc_temba: v1.0.2 [Data set]. Zenodo.https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6468278 (Authors: Ioannis Pappis. (2021)).</p>
Volatile social environments can favour investments in quality over quantity of social relationships
<p>Cooperation does not occur in a vacuum: interactions develop over time in social groups that undergo demographic changes. Intuition suggests that stable social environments favour developing few but strong reciprocal relationships (a 'focused' strategy), while volatile social environments favour the opposite: more but weaker social relationships (a 'diversifying' strategy). We model reciprocal investments under a quality-quantity tradeoff for social relationships. We find that volatility, counterintuitively, can favour a focused strategy. This result becomes explicable through applying the theory of antagonistic pleiotropy, originally developed for senescence, to social life. Diversifying strategies show superior performance later in life, but with costs paid at young ages while the social network is slowly being built. Under volatile environments, many individuals die before reaching sufficiently old ages to reap the benefits. Social strategies that do well early in life are then favoured: a focused strategy leads individuals to form their first few social bonds quickly and to make strong use of existing bonds. Our model highlights the importance of pleiotropy and population age structure for the evolution of cooperative strategies and other social traits, and shows that it is not sufficient to reflect on the fate of survivors only, when evaluating the benefits of social strategies.</p>
Resource-dependent investment in male sexual traits in a viviparous fish
<p><span>Exaggerated and conspicuous sexually selected traits are often costly to produce and maintain. Costly traits are expected to show resource-dependent expression, since limited resources prevent animals from investing maximally in multiple traits simultaneously. However, there may be critical periods during an individual's life where the expression of traits is altered if resources are limited. Moreover, costly sexual traits may arise from sexual selection acting both before (pre-copulatory) and after mating (post-copulatory). Gaining a robust understanding of resource-dependent trait expression therefore requires an approach that examines both episodes of sexual selection following resource limitation during different times in an individual's life. Yet few studies have taken such an approach. Here, we examine how resource restriction influences a set of pre- and post-copulatory traits in male pygmy halfbeaks (<em>Dermogenys collettei</em>), which invest in sexual ornaments and routinely engage in male-male contests and sperm competition. Critically, we examined responses in males when resources were restricted during development and after reaching sexual maturity. Both pre- and post-copulatory traits are resource-dependent in male halfbeaks. Body size, beak size, courtship behavior, and testes size were reduced by diet restriction, while, unexpectedly, the restricted-diet group had a larger area of red color on the beak and fins after diet treatment. These patterns were generally consistent when resources were restricted during development and after reaching sexual maturity. The study reinforces the role of resource acquisition in maintaining variation among sexual traits. </span></p>
Elevated temperature increases reproductive investment in less preferred mates in the invasive European corn borer moth
<p>Rapidly changing environments may weaken sexual selection and lead to indiscriminate mating by interfering with the reception of mating signals or by increasing the costs associated with mate choice. If temperature alters sexual selection, it may impact population response and adaptation to climate change. Here, we examine how differences in temperature of the mating environment influence reproductive investment in the European corn borer moth (<i>Ostrinia nubilalis</i>). Mate preference in this species is known to be related to pheromone usage, with assortative mating occurring between genetically distinct E- and Z-strains that differ in the composition of female and male pheromones. We compared egg production within and between corn borer lines derived from four different populations that vary in pheromone composition and other traits. Pairs of adults were placed in a mating environment that matched the pupal environment (ambient temperature) or at elevated temperature (5ºC above the pupal environment). At ambient temperature, we found that within-line pairs produced eggs sooner and produced more egg clusters than between-line pairs. However, at elevated temperature, between-line pairs produced the same number of egg clusters as within-line pairs. These results suggest that elevated temperature increased investment in matings with typically less preferred, between-line mates. This increased investment could result in changes in gene flow among corn borer populations in warming environments.</p>
Evolutionary consequences of pesticide exposure include transgenerational plasticity and potential terminal investment transgenerational effects
<p>Transgenerational plasticity, the influence of the environment experienced by parents on the phenotype and fitness of subsequent generations, is being increasingly recognised. Human-altered environments, such as those resulting from the increasing use of pesticides, may be major drivers of such cross-generational influences, which in turn may have profound evolutionary and ecological repercussions. Most of these consequences are, however, unknown. Whether transgenerational plasticity elicited by pesticide exposure is common, and the consequences of its potential carry-over effects on fitness and population dynamics remains to be determined. Here we investigate whether exposure of parents to a common pesticide elicits intra-, inter- and transgenerational responses (in F0, F1 and F2 generations) in life-history (fecundity, longevity, and lifetime reproductive success-LRS-), in an insect model system, the seed beetle <em>Callosobruchus</em> <em>maculatus</em>. We also assessed sex-specificity of the effects. We found sex-specific and hormetic intergenerational and transgenerational effects on longevity and lifetime reproductive success, manifested both in the form of maternal and paternal effects. In addition, the transgenerational effects via mothers detected in this study are consistent with a new concept: terminal investment transgenerational effects. Such effects could underlie cross-generational responses to environmental perturbation. Our results indicate that pesticide exposure leads to unanticipated effects on population dynamics and have far-reaching ecological and evolutionary implications.</p>
Pessimistic cognitive bias is associated with enhanced reproductive investment in female zebrafish
<p><span>Optimistic and pessimistic cognitive biases have been described in many animals and are related to the perceived valence of the environment. We, therefore, hypothesize that such cognitive bias can be adaptive depending on environmental conditions. In reward rich environments an optimistic bias would be favored, whereas in harsh environments a pessimistic one would thrive. Here, we empirically investigated the potential adaptive value of such bias using zebrafish as a model. We first phenotyped female zebrafish in an optimistic/pessimistic axis using a previously validated judgment bias assay. Optimistic and pessimistic females were then exposed to an unpredictable chronic stress protocol for 17 days, after which fish were euthanized and the sectional area of the different ovarian structures was quantified</span><span> in both undisturbed and stressed groups. Our results show that </span><span>zebrafish ovarian development responded to chronic stress, and that judgment bias impacted the relative area of the vitellogenic developmental stage in the stress treatment, with pessimists showing higher vitellogenic areas as compared with optimists. These results suggest that pessimism maximize reproductive investment, through increased vitellogenesis, indicating a relationship between cognitive bias and life-history organismal decisions.</span></p>
Life history data for: High investment into reproduction is associated with reduced lifespan in dogs
<p><span>Prominent differences in aging among and within species present an evolutionary puzzle. The theories proposed to explain evolutionary differences in aging are based on the axiom that selection maximizes fitness, not necessarily lifespan. This implies trade-offs between investment into self-maintenance and investment into reproduction, where high investment into growth and current reproduction are associated with short lifespans. Fast growth and large adult size are related with shorter lifespans in the domestic dog, a bourgeoning model in aging research, however, whether reproduction influences lifespan in this system remains unknown. Here we test the relationship between reproduction and differences in lifespan among dog breeds, controlling simultaneously for shared ancestry and recent gene flow. We found that shared ancestry explains a higher proportion of the among-breed variation in life history traits, in comparison with recent gene flow. Our results also show that reproductive investment negatively impacts lifespan, and more strongly so in large breeds, an effect that is not merely a correlated response of adult size. These results suggest that basic life history trade-offs are apparent in a domestic animal whose diversity is the result of artificial selection and that among-breed differences in lifespan are due to a combination of size and reproduction.</span></p>
Eco-evolutionary consequences of living with close relatives: Resistance to herbivores and climatic stress increases with investment into mycorrhiza in adult oaks
<p><span>1. Mycorrhizas are known to increase plant resistance to herbivores and climatic stress. However, it is unknown if particularly hostile environments select for increased investment of plants into mycorrhiza. </span></p> <p><span>2. We studied hostile biotic environments: phylogenetically proximate neighbourhoods known to increase herbivory and pedoclimatic stress. In a common garden, we studied the resistances, tri-trophic interactions and microclimate of 28-years-old oaks (Quercus petraea), descending from provenances of contrasting phylogenetic neighbourhoods.</span></p> <p><span> 3. We found that oaks descending from phylogenetically proximate neighbourhoods had increased ectomycorrhizal enzymatic activities without affecting mycorrhization rate of root tips. We also found that increased ectomycorrhizal enzymatic activity decreased damages by one group of specialist herbivores (leaf-miners), without affecting another (galls) or generalists (ectophages). Consistently, descendants from phylogenetically proximate neighbourhoods showed decreased damage by leaf miners. We finally found that oaks descending from phylogenetically proximate neighbourhoods were most capable of maintaining leaf chlorophyll under heat-induced drought, reflecting their increased ectomycorrhizal enzymatic activities. </span></p> <p><span>4. Synthesis. Overall, oaks living with closely related neighbours can rapidly evolve increased investment into ectomycorrhizas and thereby resistances to herbivores and climatic stress, ultimately facilitating coexistence among closely related neighbours. </span><span>While phylogenetically diverse forests remain essential for maintaining biodiversity, the selection regimes in less diverse forests can be used as a source of native genotypes resistant to future climate change, rather than using exotic populations and species as a source pool.</span></p>
European Investment Bank: Lending to Sub-Saharan Africa (2000-2022)
<p>The provided dataset traces the financial trajectory of the European Investment Bank (EIB) from 2000 to 2022, and has been derived from the EIB's annual financial reports. These reports offer a comprehensive account of the EIB's lending activities globally and specifically to countries outside of the European Union (non-EU or extra-EU), including and excluding the UK in the aftermath of Brexit. All numbers are in 2015 euros.</p> <p>However, the EIB's annual reports do not explicitly present an aggregate view of its lending activities in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Therefore, this dataset is particularly valuable as it combines the country-level data from the reports to provide an overview of the EIB's total lending to SSA over this period.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Caste-biased patterns of brain investment in the subterranean termite Reticulitermes flavipes
<p>Investment into neural tissue is expected to reflect the specific sensory and behavioral capabilities of a particular organism. Termites are eusocial insects that exhibit a caste system in which individuals can develop into one of several morphologically and behaviorally distinct castes. However, it is unclear to what extent these differences between castes are reflected in the anatomy of the brain. To address this question, we used deformation-based morphometry to conduct pairwise comparisons between the brains of different castes in the eastern subterranean termite, <em>Reticulitermes flavipes</em>. The dataset presented here consists of the confocal images of all the brains used in our analysis, separated by caste. Brains from five castes are presented - workers, soldiers, ergatoids, nymphs, and alates - which are further divided by sex.</p>
Effects of inbreeding and elevated rearing temperatures on strategic sperm investment
<p>Males often strategically adjust the number of available sperm based on the social context (i.e., sperm priming response), but it remains unclear how environmental and genetic factors shape this adjustment. In freshwater ecosystems, high ambient temperatures often lead to isolated pools of hotter water in which inbreeding occurs. Higher water temperatures and inbreeding can impair fish development, potentially disrupting sperm production. We used guppies (<em>Poecilia reticulata</em>) to investigate how developmental temperature (26 °C, 30 °C) and male inbreeding status (inbred, outbred) influence their sperm priming response. We also tested if sperm priming was affected by whether the female was a relative (sister), and whether she was inbred or outbred.</p> <p>We ran two separate analyses to address our research questions. First, we ran a linear mixed model (LMM) to investigate the effects of male inbreeding status (inbred, outbred), rearing temperature (warm, control), and social environment (no female, unrelated outbred female, related female) and all three two-way interactions on sperm priming response (i.e., the total number of sperm produced in 7 days). Second, we noted that inbred males might produce fewer sperm than outbred males in the presence of a related female due to their sister being inbred and therefore of lower quality (e.g., less fecund). To test whether the observed effect of male inbreeding status was confounded by the related female's inbreeding status, we ran an additional LMM exclusively for inbred males. We separated the effects of inbreeding status of the female and her genetic relatedness to the male by considering three types of female (inbred related, inbred unrelated, outbred unrelated) that inbred males encountered. </p> <p>There was no effect of rearing temperature; male inbreeding status alone determined the number of available sperm in response to female presence, her inbreeding status and her relatedness. Inbred males produced significantly more sperm in the presence of an unrelated, outbred female than when no female was present. Conversely, outbred males did not alter the number of sperm available in response to female presence or relatedness. Moreover, inbred males produced marginally more sperm when exposed to an unrelated female that was outbred rather than inbred, but there was no difference when exposed to an inbred female that was unrelated versus related. Together, a sperm priming response was only observed in inbred males when exposed to an outbred female. Outbred females in our study were larger than inbred females, suggesting that inbred males strategically allocated ejaculate resources towards females in better condition.</p>
"Power system investment optimization to identify carbon neutrality scenarios for Italy", scripts and data
<p>Script and data to reproduce the main results of "Power system investment optimization to identify carbon neutrality scenarios for Italy"</p>
Data of paper entitled "The Impact of Financial Influencers, Social Influencers, and FOMO Economy on the Decision-Making of Investment on Millennial Generation and Gen Z of Indonesia"
<p>The repository contains:</p> <ol> <li>Result of inner model of PLS</li> <li>Result of outer model of PLS</li> <li>Questionnaire result</li> </ol>
Data for Paper: A rigorous optimization method for long-term multi-stage investment planning: Integration of hydrogen into a decentralized multi-energy system
<p>Data containing the results and figures presented in the paper "A rigorous optimization method for long-term multi-stage investment planning: Integration of hydrogen into a decentralized multi-energy system" by Luka Bornemann and Jelto Lange and Martin Kaltschmitt, submitted to the Journal Energy Reports.</p>
CF_D2 financial and investment entities viewpoint and maturity about climate adaptation finance
<p><span>The CLIMATEFIT dataset D</span><span>2</span><span> contains data </span><span>collected</span><span> as part of </span><span>WP1’s</span> <span>T</span><span>ask 1.</span><span>2</span><span>: </span><span>Understand financial and investment entities point of view and maturity (M1-M8; Leader: WCF</span><span>).</span></p> <p><span><span>This data set contains no other data than what is available in </span><a href="https://climatefit-heu.eu/knowledge-center/"><span>Deliverable 1.1 Adaptation Investment Landscape</span></a>. These interview transcripts and surveys are not included in this dataset due to sensitivity of information.</span></p>
The future of coal investment, trade and stranded assets
<p>Dataset to support the publication "The future of coal investment, trade and stranded assets"</p>
Data for: Simultaneous GPS-tracking of parents reveals a similar parental investment within pairs, but no immediate co-adjustment on a trip-to-trip basis
<p>This repository contains data for the paper: Kavelaars et al. 2021. Simultaneous GPS-tracking of parents reveals a similar parental investment within pairs, but no immediate co-adjustment on a trip-to-trip basis. <strong>Movement Ecology</strong>. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-021-00279-1</p>
Raw data for Investment casting of periodic aluminum cellular structures using slurry-cast table salt moulds
<p>This dataset includes the raw data used to draw the conclusions of the paper entitled "Investment casting of periodic aluminum cellular structures using slurry-cast table salt moulds". </p> <p>The work presents a precision-casting process specifically designed to manufacture periodic cellular structures.</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.