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172 results for “Intraspecific variability”
Data from: Intraspecific variability in growth response to environmental fluctuations modulates the stabilizing effect of species diversity on forest growth
1.Differences between species in their response to environmental fluctuations cause asynchronized growth series, suggesting that species diversity may help communities buffer the effects of environmental fluctuations. However, within-species variability of responses may impact the stabilizing effect of growth asynchrony. 2.We used tree ring data to investigate the diversity-stability relationship and its underlying mechanisms within the temperate and boreal mixed woods of Eastern Canada. We worked at the individual tree level to take into account the intraspecific variability of responses to environmental fluctuations. 3.We found that species diversity stabilized growth in forest ecosystems. The asynchrony of species' response to climatic fluctuations and to insect outbreaks explained this effect. We also found that the intraspecific variability of responses to environmental fluctuations was high, making the stabilizing effect of diversity highly variable. 4.Synthesis. Our results are consistent with previous studies suggesting that the asynchrony of species' response to environmental fluctuations drives the stabilizing effect of diversity. The intraspecific variability of these responses modulates the stabilizing effect of species diversity. Interactions between individuals, variation in tree size and spatial heterogeneity of environmental conditions could play a critical role in the stabilizing effect of diversity.
Data from: Resource composition mediates the effects of intraspecific variability in nutrient recycling on ecosystem processes
Despite the growing evidence for individual variation in trophic niche within populations, its potential indirect effects on ecosystem processes remains poorly understood. In particular, few studies have investigated how intraspecific trophic variability can modulate the effects of consumers on ecosystems through potential changes in nutrient excretion rates. Here, we first quantified the level of intraspecific trophic variability in 11 wild populations of the omnivorous fish Lepomis gibbosus. Outputs from stomach content and stable isotope analyses revealed that the degree of trophic specialization and trophic positions were highly variable between and within these wild populations. There was intrapopulation variation in trophic position of more than one trophic level, suggesting that individuals consumed a range of plant and animal resources. We then experimentally manipulated intraspecific trophic variability to assess how it can modulate consumer-mediated nutrient effects on relevant processes of ecosystem functioning. Specifically, three food sources varying in nutrient quality (e.g. plant material, macro-invertebrate and fish meat) were used individually or in combination to simulate seven diet treatment. Results indicated that intraspecific variability in growth and nitrogen excretion rates were more related to the composition of the diet rather than the degree of specialization, and increased with the trophic position of the diet consumed. We subsequently used microcosms and showed that critical ecosystem functions, such as primary production and community respiration, were affected by the variability in excretory products, and this effect was biomass-dependent. These results highlight the importance of considering variation within species to better assess the effects of individuals on ecosystems and, more specifically, the effects of consumer-mediated nutrient recycling because the body size and the trophic ecology of individuals are affected by a large spectrum of natural and human-induced environmental changes.
Data from: Nitrogen enrichment and warming shift community functional composition via distinct mechanisms: the role of intraspecific trait variability and species turnover
<p>1. Global change factors may shift community functional composition by driving species turnover (species occurrence and species relative abundance) and intraspecific trait variability. However, their relative contribution in determining the functional response of community to global change, especially nitrogen enrichment and warming, remains unclear.</p> <p>2. We conducted a fully factorial field experiment in a Tibetan alpine meadow to examine responses of plant community functional composition to nitrogen enrichment and warming by quantifying seven plant functional traits in each plot. Using the sum of squares decomposition, we further disentangled the relative contribution of intraspecific trait variability and species turnover to changes in community functional composition.</p> <p>3. We found that nitrogen enrichment caused a shift of plant community toward a more resource-acquisitive strategy, while warming resulted in a shift toward a more resource-conservative strategy. Plant intraspecific trait variability controls shifts in community functional composition in response to nitrogen enrichment, whereas species turnover (especially change in species relative abundance) mainly explains warming-induced shifts. Nitrogen enrichment and warming did not show significant interactive effects on plant functional composition.</p> <p>4. These findings suggest that nitrogen enrichment and warming can alter community functional composition of alpine meadow through distinct mechanisms. Plant intraspecific trait variability confers functional resilience of Tibetan alpine meadows under nitrogen enrichment, but warming could induce significant turnover of species that pronouncedly impacts community functioning in this highland ecosystem.</p>
Fig. 4 in Intraspecific Variability of Melasis buprestoides (Linnaeus, 1761) Challenges the Validity of Melasis fermini Sánchez-Ruiz and Rosa, 2003 (Coleoptera: Eucnemidae)
Fig. 4. Length (a) and width (b) measurements of antennomere 9 of Melasis.
Data from: Understanding the genomic basis of adaptive response to variable osmotic niches in freshwater prawns: a comparative intraspecific RNA-Seq analysis of Macrobrachium australiense
Understanding the molecular basis of adaptive response to variable environmental conditions is a central goal of evolutionary biology. Here we sought to identify potential outlier SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) in three wild populations of a freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium australiense) that are exposed to differing osmotic niches by using a comparative transcriptomics approach. De novo assembly of approximately 542 million (75 nt) pair end reads collected from 10 individuals revealed 123,396 longer contigs/transcripts of variable length, that showed 97.38% transcriptome assembly completeness. Differential gene expression (DGE) analysis of major osmoregulatory genes revealed that Calreticulin, Na+/H+ exchanger and V-type (H+) ATPase showed the highest expression levels in the Blunder Creek (low ionic) population, while Crustacean cardiovascular peptide (CCP), Na+/K+-ATPase, Na+/K+/2Cl- Co-transporter (NKCC) and Na+/HCO3 exchanger showed the highest expression levels in the Bulimba Creek (higher ionic) population. In total, 16 gene ontology (GO) term categories were functionally enriched among the three studied populations. We identified 4144 raw and 835 high quality filtered SNPs in the three M. australiense populations, of which 84 SNPs were identified as outliers. Outliers were detected in 4 important osmoregulatory genes that include: Calreticulin, Na+/H+ exchanger, Na+/K+-ATPase and V-type-(H+)-ATPase. All outliers in the osmoregulatory genes were located in non-coding regulatory regions (untranslated regions, UTRs) of the gene. We hypothesize that the outlier SNPs identified here in M. australiense populations exposed naturally to different osmotic conditions influence specific gene expression patterns that allow individuals to respond to local environmental conditions.
Figure 2 from: Taeger A (2013) Intraspecific variability of the Lygodium sawfly, Neostromboceros albicomus (Konow, 1900) (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae, Selandriinae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 35: 91-96. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.35.6341
Figure 2 - Neostromboceros albicomus, males. a–f pale specimen a dorsal (scale 2 mm) b ventral c lateral d face e head and thorax, dorsal f claw of hind leg g–h dark specimen g penis valve h ventrolateral view (scale 2 mm).
Figure 1 from: Taeger A (2013) Intraspecific variability of the Lygodium sawfly, Neostromboceros albicomus (Konow, 1900) (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae, Selandriinae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 35: 91-96. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.35.6341
Figure 1 - Neostromboceros albicomus, various specimens, both sexes. a color of abdomen (females, scale 2 mm) b color and density of pits on mesonotum c color and shape of clypeus d shape of apical antennomeres e color of hind tibia.
Figure 5 from: (2012) Discovery of Hemilepistus elongatus Budde-Lund, 1885 (Isopoda, Oniscidea) in Iran: redescription and intraspecific character variability. ZooKeys 176: 13-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.176.2271
Figure 5 - Hemilepistus elongatus. A male pleopod-endopodite I and five enlarged apex, left to right from Azerbaijan, S Baku (13), Isfahan, Tiran (6), Fars, Saadatshahr (8), Semnan, Kalate-Khij (10) and Ardabil, Parsabad (1) B–F male pleopod-exopodite I B from Northen Khorasan, Ashkhaneh to Minoo-Dasht (11) C from Ardabil, Parsabad (1) D from Tabriz, Khajeh (2) E from Azerbaijan, S Baku (13) F from Isfahan, Semirom to Abadeh (7) G male pleopod-exopodite II, from Azerbaijan, S Baku (13) H male pleopod-exopodite III, from Azerbaijan, S Baku (13) I holotype, cephalotorax and pereion-tergites I-II J holotype, pleotelson. Scales, 0.5 mm for A–H and 1 mm for I-J.
Figure 1 from: (2012) Discovery of Hemilepistus elongatus Budde-Lund, 1885 (Isopoda, Oniscidea) in Iran: redescription and intraspecific character variability. ZooKeys 176: 13-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.176.2271
Figure 1 - Sampling localities of Hemilepistus elongatus from Iran along with its distribution area in other countries (striped line). Numbers refer to the localities in the subsequent figures.
Figure 4 from: (2012) Discovery of Hemilepistus elongatus Budde-Lund, 1885 (Isopoda, Oniscidea) in Iran: redescription and intraspecific character variability. ZooKeys 176: 13-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.176.2271
Figure 4 - Hemilepistus elongatus. A antenna B antennule C pleon D male pereiopod I from Khorasan, Shirvan (12) and Ardabil, Parsabad (1) (merus & carpus) E male pereiopod VII from Ardabil, Parsabad (1) and Tabriz, Soofian (3) (ischium).
Figure 3 from: (2012) Discovery of Hemilepistus elongatus Budde-Lund, 1885 (Isopoda, Oniscidea) in Iran: redescription and intraspecific character variability. ZooKeys 176: 13-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.176.2271
Figure 3 - Hemilepistus elongatus. Cephalothorax; A–D dorsal view; E–F frontal view A from Kerman, Bardsir (9), 12 mm long B from Khorasan, Shirvan (12), 12 mm long C from Alborz, Karaj (5), 13 mm long D from Tabriz, Soofian (3), 11 mm long E from Kerman, Bardsir (9), 14 mm long; F from Tabriz, Marand (4), 14 mm long.
Figure 2 from: (2012) Discovery of Hemilepistus elongatus Budde-Lund, 1885 (Isopoda, Oniscidea) in Iran: redescription and intraspecific character variability. ZooKeys 176: 13-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.176.2271
Figure 2 - Hemilepistus elongatus from Isfahan, Semirom to Abadeh (7). Female, dorsal view and lateral view of head and first four pereionites. Scale, 2 mm.
Figure 6 from: Quadros A, Bugs P, Beatriz de Araujo P (2012) Tonic immobility in terrestrial isopods: intraspecific and interspecific variability. ZooKeys 176: 155-170. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.176.2355
Figure 6 - Relationship between the time elapsed until the beginning of tonic immobility and the duration of response, for responsive individuals in experiment 2. The values indicate the results of the linear regression analysis.
Figure 5 from: Quadros A, Bugs P, Beatriz de Araujo P (2012) Tonic immobility in terrestrial isopods: intraspecific and interspecific variability. ZooKeys 176: 155-170. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.176.2355
Figure 5 - Responsiveness of Balloniscus sellowii individuals in relation to size. The line models the probability of being responsive according to the individual size (after a logistic regression). The black and grey symbols show the responsive and non-responsive individuals, respectively.
Figure 3 from: Quadros A, Bugs P, Beatriz de Araujo P (2012) Tonic immobility in terrestrial isopods: intraspecific and interspecific variability. ZooKeys 176: 155-170. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.176.2355
Figure 3 - A Percentage of responsive individuals to each specific stimulus, in relation to the total number of responsive individuals of each species. B Percentage of responsive males and females in relation to the total number of males and females of each species tested. The * indicates a significant difference between stimuli, after a χ2 test.
Figure 4 from: Quadros A, Bugs P, Beatriz de Araujo P (2012) Tonic immobility in terrestrial isopods: intraspecific and interspecific variability. ZooKeys 176: 155-170. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.176.2355
Figure 4 - Size and response to the stimuli in A Porcellio dilatatus and B Balloniscus glaber. Responsive individuals are represented with black marks and non-responsive individuals with grey marks.
Figure 2 from: Quadros A, Bugs P, Beatriz de Araujo P (2012) Tonic immobility in terrestrial isopods: intraspecific and interspecific variability. ZooKeys 176: 155-170. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.176.2355
Figure 2 - Responsiveness and tonic immobility duration in terrestrial isopods. A Percentage of responsive individuals in the three species tested. The * indicates a significant difference between species, after a G-test. B Mean tonic immobility duration in seconds for each terrestrial isopod (considering all stimuli pooled) in experiment 1. Different letters indicate significant differences, after ANOVA and Tukey test.
Figure 1 from: Quadros A, Bugs P, Beatriz de Araujo P (2012) Tonic immobility in terrestrial isopods: intraspecific and interspecific variability. ZooKeys 176: 155-170. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.176.2355
Figure 1 - Terrestrial isopods studied in dorsal view: Balloniscus sellowii, Balloniscus glaber (Balloniscidae) and Porcellio dilatatus (Porcellionidae) (top) and their respective postures during tonic immobility (bottom). For Balloniscus sellowii a drawing made from a photograph is presented. Bars = 2 mm.
Figure 15 from: Menzel L (2011) First descriptions of copepodid stages, sexual dimorphism and intraspecific variability of Mesocletodes Sars, 1909 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Argestidae), including the description of a new species with broad abyssal distribution. ZooKeys 96: 39-80. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.96.1496
Figure 15 - Schematic showing the A1 segmentation and setation of both genders and different copepodid stages of Mesocletodes elmari sp. n. A adult female and CV female B adult male C CV male D CIV male E CIII. Crosshatched segments are considered to be missing or not formed. Solid triangles: sexually dimorphically modified setae, solid squares=setae added at the molt to CV male, solid asterisks=characteristic Mesocletodes seta and the subterminal seta in segment 2 in CV and adults. Arrow marks geniculation.
Figure 2 from: Menzel L (2011) First descriptions of copepodid stages, sexual dimorphism and intraspecific variability of Mesocletodes Sars, 1909 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Argestidae), including the description of a new species with broad abyssal distribution. ZooKeys 96: 39-80. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.96.1496
Figure 2 - Mesocletodes elmari sp. n., adult female, paratype 2. CLSM photograph of a Congo-red stained specimen, lateral view. Scale bar: 100 µm
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Allen Brain Atlas
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