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FIGURE 1. A in Kalanchoe ×estrelae (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae): a new nothospecies for the hybrid between K. luciae and K. sexangularis

FIGURE 1. A. Kalanchoe luciae, near Pretoria, Gauteng province, South Africa. B. Kalanchoe sexangularis var. sexangularis, near Mbombela, Mpumalanga, South Africa. C. Kalanchoe ×estrelae in cultivation in Pretoria. D. Inflorescence of K. ×estrelae. E. Comparison of the flowers of K. luciae (left), K. ×estrelae (center), and K. sexangularis var. sexangularis (right). Scale bar = 10 mm. F. Prof. Estrela Figueiredo for whom K. ×estrelae is named framed by spent inflorescences of K. sexangularis var. sexangularis. Photograph taken on 19 November 2017. All photographs taken by Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 2. A in A review and analysis of the early nomenclature and taxonomy associated with the genus name Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), published by Michel Adanson (1727-1806) in 1763, with notes on the late-18 century taxonomy of the genus

FIGURE 2. A. The non-laciniate leaves of Kalanchoe crenata are crenate along the margin, as in the material illustrated in Plukenet (1692: t. 228, Figure 3). B. Several forms of K. crenata have orangey-yellow flowers, or, as described in "Plukn. Almag. p. 362. Tab. 228. Fig. 3.", i.e., (Plukenet 1696), "golden-yellow flowers". C. Kalanchoe pinnata, in the vernacular often known as Goethe's kalanchoe, was, at first, in 1786, described as Cotyledon pinnata. D. Close-up of flowers of K. pinnata. All photographs by Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 1. A in A review and analysis of the early nomenclature and taxonomy associated with the genus name Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), published by Michel Adanson (1727-1806) in 1763, with notes on the late-18 century taxonomy of the genus

FIGURE 1. A. The plate of the "Eende-Plant, zoo als die van Rumphius genaamt werd" included in Rumphius (1747: "Tab. XCV" on the page facing p. 276). The material figured coincides well with what is today known as Kalanchoe laciniata with its laciniate leaf blades, shown in B. C. The material illustrated in Boerhaave (1720: [unnumbered] page facing p. 288) also corresponds with what today is known as K. laciniata. D. The leaves of K. laciniata are variously and virtually throughout deeply incised. E. The flowers of K. laciniata are yellow and quite small, which coincide with what Rumphius (1747: 276 and "Tab. XCV" on the facing page) described as "[…] gout-geel bloempie[s] […]". All photographs, except 1A and 1C, by Gideon F. Smith.

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FIGURE 1. A in Kalanchoe ×gildenhuysii (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new nothospecies derived from K. millotii and K. tomentosa

FIGURE 1. A. Indumentum of leaves and stems, and B. inflorescence of Kalanchoe ×gildenhuysii. Photographs of material that was deposited at PRU as the type specimen: Gideon F. Smith.

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FIGURE 2 in Kalanchoe ×gildenhuysii (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new nothospecies derived from K. millotii and K. tomentosa

FIGURE 2. Comparison of: A. leaves (scale bar = 20 mm), and B. flowers (scale bar = 10 mm) of Kalanchoe ×gildenhuysii (material in the centre; from the type specimen), K. millotii (material on the left; G.F. Smith 1078, PRU), and K. tomentosa (material on the right; G.F. Smith 1103, PRU). Photographs: Gideon F. Smith.

TABLE 2 in A review and analysis of the early nomenclature and taxonomy associated with the genus name Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), published by Michel Adanson (1727 - 1806) in 1763, with notes on the late- 18 century taxonomy of the genus

TABLE 2. Information about, and identity of, material mentioned,typically by means of phrase names, in the pre-Linnaean (i.e., pre-1753) literature references cited by Adanson (1763), Rumphius (1747), and Linnaeus (1738). “ K.” = “ Kalanchoe ”.<table><tbody><tr><th>#</th><th>Reference [Reference as cited in this paper]</th><th>Phrase name</th><th>Identity of material</th><th>Geographical origin</th></tr><tr><th>A. References included in Adanson (1763)</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>1.</th><td>Rumph. 5. t. 95. [Rumphius (1747: 276 and “ Tab. XCV ” on the facing p.)]</td><td>i. Cotyledon foliis laciniatis Hort. Cliffort. p. 175</td><td>K. laciniata</td><td>Not stated; Africa according to Linnaeus (1738: 175)</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>ii. Cotyledon Afra, folio crasso, lato, laciniato, flosculo aureo. Boerh. Ind. H. L. B. part. I. p. 288</td><td>K. laciniata</td><td>Africa</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>iii. Telephium Africanum, angustiore folio, flore aurantiaco. Plukn. Almag. p. 362. Tab. 228. Fig. 3.</td><td>Possibly K. crenata given that Plukenet (1696: 362) gave the flower colour as orange</td><td>Africa (Plukenet obtained material from The Netherlands)</td></tr><tr><th>2.</th><td>Boerh. I. B. t. 288. [Boerhaave (1720: 288)]</td><td>Cotyledon; Afra; folio crasso, lato, laciniato, flosculo aureo. Telephium, maximum, Africanum, flore aurantio. Ex Cod. Bent. Plukn. Phyt. 228 3? H. R. D.</td><td>Probably K. laciniata</td><td>Africa</td></tr><tr><th>3.</th><td>Camell. [Camello (1704: 6, no. 18)]</td><td>Telephium Sempervivum, seu Sinarum Kalanchauhuy</td><td>K. laciniata</td><td>Not stated</td></tr><tr><th>B. References included in Rumphius (1747) [see rows A.1.i–A.1.iii, above]</th></tr><tr><th>4.</th><td>Hort. Cliffort. p. 175. [Linnaeus (1738: 175)]</td><td>See rows C.6 and C.7, below</td><td>-</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th>5.</th><td>Plukn. Almag. p. 362. Tab. 228. Fig. 3. [Plukenet (1692: t. 228, 1696: 362)]</td><td>See row A.1.iii, above, and C.7, below</td><td>-</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th>C.</th><td>References included in Linnaeus (1738: 175) [both C.6 and C.7 were cited under COTYLEDON foliis laciniatis]</td></tr><tr><th>6.</th><td>Boerh. lugdb. 1. p. 288 t. 288. [Boerhaave (1720: 288)]</td><td>Cotyledon afra, folio crasso lato laciniato, flosculo aureo</td><td>Probably K. laciniata</td><td>Africa</td></tr><tr><th>7.</th><td>Pluk. alm. 362. t. 228. f. 3. [Plukenet (1692: t. 228, Figure 3, 1696: 362])</td><td>Telephium africanum, angustiori folio, flore aurantiaco1</td><td>Possibly K. crenata, given that Plukenet (1696: 362) gave the flower colour as orange</td><td>Africa (Plukenet obtained material from The Netherlands)</td></tr></tbody></table>1 As discussed in the main text, in this instance the wrong phrase name was cited by Linnaeus (1738: 175), and by Rumphius (1747: 276), for that matter. It should have been “ Telephium maximum Africanum flore aurantiaco, ex Cod. Benting Phytogr. Tab. 228 fig. 3. Itèm ex Hollandiâ habuimus”.

TABLE 1 in A review and analysis of the early nomenclature and taxonomy associated with the genus name Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), published by Michel Adanson (1727 - 1806) in 1763, with notes on the late- 18 century taxonomy of the genus

TABLE 1. Additional information included by Adanson (1763: 248, 530, 614) when he published the genus name Kalanchoe and provided a description for the genus (on p. 248). The information tabulated here is discussed in detail in the main text.<table><tbody><tr><th>#</th><th>Information provided by Adanson (1763) for the genus name Kalanchoe</th><th>Explanation</th></tr><tr><th>A. p. 248</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>1.</th><td>Kalanchoè</td><td>Genus name [with a grave accent on the ‘ è ’]</td></tr><tr><th>2.</th><td>Chin.</td><td>Linguistic or geographical origin of the name</td></tr><tr><th>3.</th><td>Tjsacarbebe. Rumph. 5. t. 95.</td><td>Vernacular name and reference to Rumphius (1747)</td></tr><tr><th>4.</th><td>Cotyledon. Boerh. I. B. t. 288.</td><td>Reference to a pre-Linnaean phrase name in Boerhaave (1720)</td></tr><tr><th>B. p. 530 (under the letter ‘C’)</th></tr><tr><th>5.</th><td>KALANCHOE.[;] Sin.[;] Camell. 248</td><td>Genus name [without a grave accent on the ‘E’][;] linguistic or geographical origin of the name[;] reference to Camello (1704) and p. 248 of Adanson</td></tr><tr><th>6.</th><td>Tsjakarbebe.[;] Rumph.</td><td>Vernacular name; and reference to Rumphius (1747)</td></tr><tr><th>7.</th><td>Cotyledon. Boerh.</td><td>Reference to a pre-Linnaean phrase name in Boerhaave (1720)</td></tr><tr><th>C. p. 614</th></tr><tr><th>8.</th><td>Tsjakarbebe. Rumph.[;] V. Kalanchoè</td><td>Vernacular name and reference to Rumphius (1747) [;] vide the genus name [on p. 248], again with a grave accent on the ‘ è ’</td></tr></tbody></table>

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FIGURE 1. Kalanchoe miniata var. miniata. A. Vegetative morphology. B. Inflorescence. C in Nomenclature and taxonomic placement of the infraspecific taxa recognised in the Malagasy Kalanchoe miniata (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) by Perrier de la Bâthie and Boiteau and Mannoni in the 20 century

FIGURE 1. Kalanchoe miniata var. miniata. A. Vegetative morphology. B. Inflorescence. C. View of the mouth of the flower. Photographs: Ronen Shtein.

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FIGURE 3 in Nomenclature and taxonomic placement of the infraspecific taxa recognised in the Malagasy Kalanchoe miniata (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) by Perrier de la Bâthie and Boiteau and Mannoni in the 20 century

FIGURE 3. Two further forms of Kalanchoe miniata var. andringitrensis. A. A form with rounded, cordate leaves and a quadrangular stem. Insert: Lateral view of flowers of plant in A. B. A form with oblong, peltate leaves and a mostly subcylindrical stem. C. Inflorescence (insert) and view of the mouth of the flower of the plant in B. Photographs: Ronen Shtein.

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FIGURE 2. A. A in Nomenclature and taxonomic placement of the infraspecific taxa recognised in the Malagasy Kalanchoe miniata (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) by Perrier de la Bâthie and Boiteau and Mannoni in the 20 century

FIGURE 2. A. A form of Kalanchoe miniata var. andringitrensis with distinctly peltate leaves and a conspicuously quadrangular stem. Kalanchoe miniata var. andringitrensis. B. Inflorescence. C. View of the mouth of the flower. Photographs: A. Patrizia Simbola, B, C. Ronen Shtein.

FIGURE 7 in Taxonomic notes on Kalanchoe porphyrocalyx (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) and its horticultural derivatives

FIGURE 7. Comparison of the double flowers of Kalanchoe porphyrocalyx 'Sunny Balloon' and the regular ones of K. porphyrocalyx var. sambiranensis. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 6 in Taxonomic notes on Kalanchoe porphyrocalyx (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) and its horticultural derivatives

FIGURE 6. Close-up of the large, double flowers Kalanchoe porphyrocalyx 'Sunny Balloon'. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 5 in Taxonomic notes on Kalanchoe porphyrocalyx (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) and its horticultural derivatives

FIGURE 5. Material available in the horticultural trade under the name Kalanchoe 'Wendy' or, as we propose here, K. porphyrocalyx 'Wendy'. Photograph: Ronen Shtein.

FIGURE 4 in Taxonomic notes on Kalanchoe porphyrocalyx (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) and its horticultural derivatives

FIGURE 4. Kalanchoe porphyrocalyx var. sambiranensis is a generally smaller, more compact variant of K. porphyrocalyx. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 2 in Taxonomic notes on Kalanchoe porphyrocalyx (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) and its horticultural derivatives

FIGURE 2. Leaves of Kalanchoe porphyrocalyx are a pleasant light to mid-green colour, and the leaf margins are variously crenate. Inflorescences are comparatively few-flowered. Flowers are pendent and more or less glabrous. The colour of the corolla tube varies slightly from red to a deep purple-red, while the corolla lobes are usually light yellowish green. Kalanchoe porphyrocalyx var. sambiranensis is shown here. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 3 in Taxonomic notes on Kalanchoe porphyrocalyx (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) and its horticultural derivatives

FIGURE 3. Kalanchoe porphyrocalyx 'Sunny Balloon' carries large, double flowers. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 1 in The identity of Kalanchoe stearnii (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae)

FIGURE 1. This form of Kalanchoe rotundifolia from near Pretoria (South Africa, Gauteng province) has crenate leaves. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 4. A in The identity of Kalanchoe stearnii (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae)

FIGURE 4. A crenate-leaved and orange-flowered form of Kalanchoe rotundifolia from South Africa. Photograph: Ronen Shtein.

FIGURE 3. A in The identity of Kalanchoe stearnii (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae)

FIGURE 3. A yellow-flowered form of Kalanchoe rotundifolia from near Vaalhoek (South Africa, Mpumalanga province). Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 2 in The identity of Kalanchoe stearnii (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae)

FIGURE 2. Kalanchoe rotundifolia from near Vaalhoek (South Africa, Mpumalanga province) also has crenate leaves. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.