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Fig. 13 in First evidence of PRoganoCHelYS QUenStedtii (Testudinata) from the PlateoSaURUS bonebeds (Norian, Late Triassic) of Frick, Canton Aargau, Switzerland

Fig. 13 Forelimb elements of Proganochelys quenstedtii (SMF 09-F2). A–D, Left humerus and interpretative drawings superimposed (A, B dorsal, C, D ventral view). E, F, Left ulna and interpretative drawing superimposed in ventral view. Abbreviations: delt, deltopectoral crest; ect, ectepicondyle; ect f, ectepicondylar foramen; ent, entepicondyle; lat, lateral process; med, medial process; ole, olecranon

Fig. 12 in First evidence of PRoganoCHelYS QUenStedtii (Testudinata) from the PlateoSaURUS bonebeds (Norian, Late Triassic) of Frick, Canton Aargau, Switzerland

Fig. 12 Pelvic girdle and sacrum of Proganochelys quenstedtii (SMF 09-F2). A–D, Pelvic girdle consisting of fused pubes, ilia and ischia (A posterior, B anterior, C right lateral, D left lateral view). Note that the hole in the left pubis does not represent the thyroid fenestra but is a break in the bone. E, F, Fragment of the postpelvic hypoischium. Abbreviations: ac, acetabulum; epi, epipubic process, il, ilium; is, ischium; it, ischial tubercle; lpp, lateral pubic process; pu, pubis; sr I, first sacral rib; sr II, second sacral rib; sv I, first sacral vertebral centrum; tf, thyroid fenestra

Fig. 10 in First evidence of PRoganoCHelYS QUenStedtii (Testudinata) from the PlateoSaURUS bonebeds (Norian, Late Triassic) of Frick, Canton Aargau, Switzerland

Fig. 10 Neck vertebral column of Proganochelys quenstedtii (SMF 09-F2). A, Cervical vertebrae and osteoderms in left lateral view. B, Osteoderms as they are mounted over the cervical vertebrae in posterior view. C, Cervical vertebrae and osteoderms in dorsal view. D, Cervical vertebrae and osteoderms in ventral view. Abbreviations: c, centrum; na, neural arch; poz, postzygapophysis; prz, prezygapophysis; tp, transverse process

Fig. 11 in First evidence of PRoganoCHelYS QUenStedtii (Testudinata) from the PlateoSaURUS bonebeds (Norian, Late Triassic) of Frick, Canton Aargau, Switzerland

Fig. 11 Tail region of Proganochelys quenstedtii (SMF 09-F2). A, Preserved caudal vertebrae in left lateral view. The black arrow points at the hemal arch of the 4th preserved caudal vertebra from anterior. B, Preserved tail in ventral view. C, Preserved caudal vertebrae and anterior osteoderms of the tail club in dorsal view. D, Tail club in left lateral view. E, F, Individual osteoderms consisting of four spikes each, in anterior and posterior views. The exact position of these elements anterior to the tail club (i.e., closer to the base of the tail) is ambiguous. G, Isolated tail spike in anterior and posterior view. Abbreviations: c, centrum; ha, hemal arch; na, neural arch; os, osteoderm; poz, postzygapophysis; prz, prezygapophysis; tp, transverse process

Fig. 9 in First evidence of PRoganoCHelYS QUenStedtii (Testudinata) from the PlateoSaURUS bonebeds (Norian, Late Triassic) of Frick, Canton Aargau, Switzerland

Fig. 9 Shell remains of Proganochelys quenstedtii (SMF 09-F2). A–C, Carapace (A angled anterodorsolateral, B, right side in dorsolateral, C, right side in lateral view). Reconstructed parts of the carapace are delimited by grey-shaded area set off by a stippled white line and marked with a white r. The anterior aspect of the carapace is marked in each view by a black arrow. D–H, Various parts of the plastron. Due to the fragmented nature of these bones, their position in the plastron is ambiguous

Fig. 8 3D in First evidence of PRoganoCHelYS QUenStedtii (Testudinata) from the PlateoSaURUS bonebeds (Norian, Late Triassic) of Frick, Canton Aargau, Switzerland

Fig. 8 3D renderings of the endosseous labyrinths and stapedial fragment of Proganochelys quenstedtii (SMF 09-F2). A, Left labyrinth in lateral view; B, In dorsal view; C, In posterior view; D, Right labyrinth in lateral view, E, In dorsal view; F, In posterior view; G, Left labyrinth in lateral view rendered transparent to show preservational position of the stapedial fragment; H, Close-up of stapedial fragment in lateral view. I, In medial view. Note that the right lateral semicircular canal is broken. Abbreviations: asc, anterior semicircular canal; bsr, base of stapedial rod; cod, cochlear duct; fov, fenestra ovalis; fpl, fenestra perilymphatica; lsc, lateral semicircular canal; psc, posterior semicircular canal; sfp, stapedial footplate

Fig. 5 3D in First evidence of PRoganoCHelYS QUenStedtii (Testudinata) from the PlateoSaURUS bonebeds (Norian, Late Triassic) of Frick, Canton Aargau, Switzerland

Fig. 5 3D renderings of the braincase of Proganochelys quenstedtii (SMF 09-F2). A, Posterodorsal view; B, Same as A, but rendered transparently with horn core vascularization models rendered opaque; C, Posterior view; D, Same as C, but rendered transparent with horn core vascularization models rendered opaque. Note that dashed lines in A are margins of a weakly defined groove we interpret as the osteological correlate for the course of the stapedial artery. Abbreviations: btb, basis tuberculi basalis; exr, exoccipital ridge; fm, foramen magnum; hc, horn core; occ, occipital condyle; otc, otic capsule; pop, paroccipital condyle; stag, stapedial artery groove; vas, vascularization; X–XI, short canal for the CN X–XI (i.e., foramen jugulare intermedius of Sterli & Joyce, 2007)

Fig. 7 3D in First evidence of PRoganoCHelYS QUenStedtii (Testudinata) from the PlateoSaURUS bonebeds (Norian, Late Triassic) of Frick, Canton Aargau, Switzerland

Fig. 7 3D renderings of the braincase endocast, cranial nerve endocasts, and endosseous labyrinth model of Proganochelys quenstedtii (SMF 09-F2). A, Left lateral view; B, Dorsal view; C, Right lateral view; D, Ventral view. Abbreviations: end, cranial endocast; f, foramen jugulare; fov, fenestra ovalis; fpl, fenestra perilymphatica (interface between endosseous labyrinth and canal for the CN X–XI); gg, geniculate ganglion of the facial nerve (CN VII); lab, endosseous labyrinth; pit, endocast of the pituitary fossa; V, trigeminal nerve (CN V); VI, abducens nerve (CN VI); VII, facial nerve (CN VII); VIII, acoustic nerve (CN VIII); X–XI, vagus nerve (CN X) and accessory nerve (CN XI); XII, hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Fig. 6 3D in First evidence of PRoganoCHelYS QUenStedtii (Testudinata) from the PlateoSaURUS bonebeds (Norian, Late Triassic) of Frick, Canton Aargau, Switzerland

Fig. 6 3D renderings of the sagittally and axially sectioned braincase of Proganochelys quenstedtii (SMF 09-F2). A, Dorsomedial view onto left side of sectioned braincase, exposing the medial surface of the braincase. Note that nerve endocasts and the endosseous labyrinth is also rendered. B, Same image as A, but with interpretative line drawings. Note that the arrow in B indicates the course of the CN X–XI from the foramen jugulare anterius through a short canal. Abbreviations: btb, basis tuberculi basalis; clp, clinoid process; ds, dorsum sellae; exr, exoccipital ridge; fav, foramen aquaducti vestibuli; foramen jugulare anterius (i.e., internal braincase opening for CN X–XI; fpl, fenestra perilymphatica; occ, occipital condyle; pao, pila antotica; pop, paroccipital process; stag, stapedial artery groove; V, prootic foramen for the trigeminal (CN V) nerve; VI, (internal) abducens nerve (CN VI) foramen; VII, (internal) facial nerve (CN VI) foramen; VIII, (internal) acoustic nerve foramina; X–XI, course of vagus (CN X) and accessory (CN XI) nerves; XII, hypoglossal nerve foramina

Fig. 4 3D in First evidence of PRoganoCHelYS QUenStedtii (Testudinata) from the PlateoSaURUS bonebeds (Norian, Late Triassic) of Frick, Canton Aargau, Switzerland

Fig. 4 3D renderings of the braincase of Proganochelys quenstedtii (SMF 09-F2). A, Anterior view; B, Same as A, but with soft tissue endocasts and interpretative line drawings included; C, Left lateral view; D, Same as C, but with soft tissue endocasts and interpretative line drawings included; E, Anteroventral view; F, Same as E, but with soft tissue endocasts and interpretative line drawings included. Abbreviations: anfov, antrum to fenestra ovalis; end, cranial endocast; faccb, foramen anterius canals caroticus basiphenoidalis; fos, fossa; fov, fenestra ovalis; fpccb, foramen posterius canalis caroticus basisphenoidalis; hc, horn core; occ, occipital condyle; orsc, orbitosphenoidal crest; pit, endocast of pituitary fossa; prof, prootic fossa; sqf, squamosum fossa; st, sella turcica; V, prootic foramen for the trigeminal (CN V) nerve; VI, abducens nerve (CN VI) foramen; VII, facial nerve (CN VII) foramen; vasf, vascular foramen

Fig. 2 in First evidence of PRoganoCHelYS QUenStedtii (Testudinata) from the PlateoSaURUS bonebeds (Norian, Late Triassic) of Frick, Canton Aargau, Switzerland

Fig. 2 Braincase of Proganochelys quenstedtii (SMF 09-F2). A, Braincase during preparation in anterior view. Note that at this stage the prootic foramen for the trigeminal nerve was complete and the shaft of the stapes was still articulated with the braincase close to the fenestra ovalis (the small fragment indicated by the white stippled line and arrow as well as the shaft of the stapes are kept separately with the braincase). B, Braincase after preparation in anterior view. C, In posterior view. D, In left lateral view. Abbreviations: fm, foramen magnum; fov, fenestra ovalis; st, stapes; V, prootic foramen for the trigeminal (CN V) nerve

Fig. 1 in First evidence of PRoganoCHelYS QUenStedtii (Testudinata) from the PlateoSaURUS bonebeds (Norian, Late Triassic) of Frick, Canton Aargau, Switzerland

Fig. 1 Geographical and geological overview of the find of Proganochelys quenstedtii (SMF 09-F2). A, Schematic overview map of Switzerland with the town of Frick in Canton Aargau (in grey) highlighted [redrawn from 3D map viewer at https://www.swisstopo.admin.ch/]. B, Photograph of the construction site where the sediments of the Gruhalde Member are exposed at Frickberg (Image courtesy: Grabungsteam Frick, used with permission). C, Excavation of SMF 09-F2 by one of us (BP; Image courtesy: Grabungsteam Frick, used with permission). D, Schematic map of the excavation site using a 50 × 50 cm grid (indicated by the small + signs). The bones belonging to SMF 09-F2 are highlighted in dark grey. E, Simplified sedimentological column based on the exposed profile (based on Jordan et al., 2016 in Tschopp et al., 2020) in the clay pit Gruhalde and the finding layer of SMF 09-F2 at Frickberg indicated

FIG. 81 in Remarkable Diversity Of Beetles (Coleoptera) In The Late Triassic (Norian) "Solite Deposit" Of Virginia And North Carolina

FIG. 81. Histogram of beetle body lengths for articulated morphotypes in which total length was measurable. The very large morphotype measuring>33 mm (morphotype 61) is omitted.

FIG. 78. Striate elytral morphotypes. A, B. Morphotype 92, VMNH 95536. C, D. Morphotype 93, VMNH 97305. E, F. Morphotype 94, VMNH 97583. G, H. Morphotype 95, VMNH 98277. I, J. Morphotype 96, VMNH 95971. K, L. Morphotype 97, VMNH 96824 in Remarkable Diversity Of Beetles (Coleoptera) In The Late Triassic (Norian) "Solite Deposit" Of Virginia And North Carolina

FIG. 78. Striate elytral morphotypes. A, B. Morphotype 92, VMNH 95536. C, D. Morphotype 93, VMNH 97305. E, F. Morphotype 94, VMNH 97583. G, H. Morphotype 95, VMNH 98277. I, J. Morphotype 96, VMNH 95971. K, L. Morphotype 97, VMNH 96824. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIG. 77. Striate elytral morphotypes. A, B. Morphotype 86, VMNH 50186. C, D. Morphotype 87, VMNH 97304. E, F. Morphotype 88, VMNH 97376. G, H. Morphotype 89, VMNH 98968. I, J. Morphotype 90, VMNH 129483. K, L. Morphotype 91, VMNH 97346 in Remarkable Diversity Of Beetles (Coleoptera) In The Late Triassic (Norian) "Solite Deposit" Of Virginia And North Carolina

FIG. 77. Striate elytral morphotypes. A, B. Morphotype 86, VMNH 50186. C, D. Morphotype 87, VMNH 97304. E, F. Morphotype 88, VMNH 97376. G, H. Morphotype 89, VMNH 98968. I, J. Morphotype 90, VMNH 129483. K, L. Morphotype 91, VMNH 97346. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIG. 67. Morphotype 61, VMNH 49597. A. Counterpart. B in Remarkable Diversity Of Beetles (Coleoptera) In The Late Triassic (Norian) "Solite Deposit" Of Virginia And North Carolina

FIG. 67. Morphotype 61, VMNH 49597. A. Counterpart. B. Foreleg of part. C. Head of counterpart. D. Foreleg of counterpart showing bilobed segment. E. Elytron covered in dense, fine nodules. Scale bars: A: 5 mm; B–D: 1 mm; E: 0.5 mm.

FIG. 68. Smooth elytral morphotypes. A, B. Morphotype 62, VMNH 97505. C, D. Morphotype 63, VMNH 99030. E, F. Morphotype 64, VMNH 95504. G, H. Morphotype 65, VMNH 97607. I, J. Morphotype 66, VMNH 97319. K, L. Morphotype 67, VMNH 97104 in Remarkable Diversity Of Beetles (Coleoptera) In The Late Triassic (Norian) "Solite Deposit" Of Virginia And North Carolina

FIG. 68. Smooth elytral morphotypes. A, B. Morphotype 62, VMNH 97505. C, D. Morphotype 63, VMNH 99030. E, F. Morphotype 64, VMNH 95504. G, H. Morphotype 65, VMNH 97607. I, J. Morphotype 66, VMNH 97319. K, L. Morphotype 67, VMNH 97104. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIG. 72. Punctate elytral morphotypes. A–C. Morphotype 74, VMNH 97509. D–F. Morphotype 75, VMNH 97500 in Remarkable Diversity Of Beetles (Coleoptera) In The Late Triassic (Norian) "Solite Deposit" Of Virginia And North Carolina

FIG. 72. Punctate elytral morphotypes. A–C. Morphotype 74, VMNH 97509. D–F. Morphotype 75, VMNH 97500. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIG. 65. Morphotype 60, AMNH 04-59. A, B. Part. C in Remarkable Diversity Of Beetles (Coleoptera) In The Late Triassic (Norian) "Solite Deposit" Of Virginia And North Carolina

FIG. 65. Morphotype 60, AMNH 04-59. A, B. Part. C. Left elytron of part showing rows of punctures. D. Head of part. E. Counterpart, head not preserved. F. Elytral apex of counterpart. Scale bars: A–E: 1 mm; F: 0.5 mm.

FIG. 76. Striate elytral morphotypes. A, B. Morphotype 80, VMNH 95483. C, D. Morphotype 81, VMNH 95443. E, F. Morphotype 82, VMNH 96665. G, H. Morphotype 83, VMNH 96826. I, J. Morphotype 84, VMNH 97581. K, L. Morphotype 85, VMNH 54201 in Remarkable Diversity Of Beetles (Coleoptera) In The Late Triassic (Norian) "Solite Deposit" Of Virginia And North Carolina

FIG. 76. Striate elytral morphotypes. A, B. Morphotype 80, VMNH 95483. C, D. Morphotype 81, VMNH 95443. E, F. Morphotype 82, VMNH 96665. G, H. Morphotype 83, VMNH 96826. I, J. Morphotype 84, VMNH 97581. K, L. Morphotype 85, VMNH 54201. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.