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Figure 1 in Impact of warm weather events on prolongation of the life cycle of Stomaphis Walker (Hemiptera, Aphididae, Lachninae)

Figure 1. Apterous female of Stomaphis sp. collected on 05.01.2014 (a); oviparous female of S. graffii collected on 01.03.2014 (b) (arrow indicates large subgenital plate, typical of oviparous females).

Figure 5 in Ecology and life cycle of the filter-feeding Amphipsyche meridiana Ulmer 1902 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in an irrigation canal, central Thailand

Figure 5. The percentage of larval instars of Amphipsyche meridiana Ulmer 1902 at the sampling site was calculated using the distribution of head capsule width for each month.

Figure 8 in Ecology and life cycle of the filter-feeding Amphipsyche meridiana Ulmer 1902 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in an irrigation canal, central Thailand

Figure 8. Food item in Amphipsyche meridiana's digestive system under a bright field microscope (magnification x40).

Figure 7 in Ecology and life cycle of the filter-feeding Amphipsyche meridiana Ulmer 1902 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in an irrigation canal, central Thailand

Figure 7. Food item proportions in the gut contents of the larval instar of Amphipsyche meridiana in each month from the irrigation canal. The gut content of A. meridiana larvae (n = 120) from the study area. The presence (%) represents the percentage of larvae with guts containing this type of material.

Figure 4 in Ecology and life cycle of the filter-feeding Amphipsyche meridiana Ulmer 1902 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in an irrigation canal, central Thailand

Figure 4. The frequency distribution of larval instars of Amphipsyche meridiana Ulmer 1902 based on head capsule width (n = 12,513) from December 2021 to November 2022.

Fig. 7 in A study of Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in its native range: further insights into life cycle, larval identification, developmental parameters, natural enemies, and damage to the host plant Opuntia ficus-indica (Caryophyllales: Cactaceae)

Fig. 7. Comparison of 3 characteristic forms of damage: (a) hole and feces coming from inside the pad, useful to distinguish pads with Cactoblastis cactorum; (b) typical damage observed in plants that were attacked by C. cactorum; (c) circular black spot fungal damage; (d) map black spot fungal damage.

Fig. 6 in A study of Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in its native range: further insights into life cycle, larval identification, developmental parameters, natural enemies, and damage to the host plant Opuntia ficus-indica (Caryophyllales: Cactaceae)

Fig. 6. Proportion of Cactoblastis cactorum infected cladodes parasitized by Apanteles opuntiarum and proportion per cladode of C. cactorum larvae parasitized by A. opuntiarum throughout the yr for sites from Santiago del Estero, Córdoba, and Tucumán provinces. The average and standard deviation of the number of pupae of A. opuntiarum per C. cactorum larvae also is shown.

Fig. 2 in A study of Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in its native range: further insights into life cycle, larval identification, developmental parameters, natural enemies, and damage to the host plant Opuntia ficus-indica (Caryophyllales: Cactaceae)

Fig. 2. Description of spots and setae from larval I to VI, shown in the pro- and meso-thoracic segment, and the seventh and anal abdominal segments: D1–2: dorsal setae; SD1–2: subdorsal setae; XD1–2: prothoracic setae; L1–3: lateral setae; SV1–2: subventral setae; PP1: posterior setae; spot "k" in prothorax, "h" in mesothorax, "a" and "c" in the seventh abdominal segment, and anal shield in the tenth and last abdominal segment.

Fig. 5 in A study of Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in its native range: further insights into life cycle, larval identification, developmental parameters, natural enemies, and damage to the host plant Opuntia ficus-indica (Caryophyllales: Cactaceae)

Fig. 5. Number of larvae of Cactoblastis cactorum per mo from all sites of Tucumán and the proportion of those that were parasitized by Apanteles.

Fig. 1 in A study of Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in its native range: further insights into life cycle, larval identification, developmental parameters, natural enemies, and damage to the host plant Opuntia ficus-indica (Caryophyllales: Cactaceae)

Fig. 1. (a) An eggstick oviposited on a pad of Opuntia ficus indica; (b) Anterior part of the larva exhibiting the cephalic capsule and prothorax starting to sclerotize; (c) Larva II has a dark shield on the prothorax and small macula at the base of each setae in the abdomen; (d) Larva III with bigger maculae with alternating color intensity on successive segments; (e) Larva IV with a white line between the head capsule and prothorax shield; (f) Larva V characterized by almost continuous black rings on the abdomen on an orange-brownish back- ground; (g) Typical bright orange larval VI with the prothorax shield fractured in 2 and apparently continuous black rings; (h) pupa within silk cocoon and naked pupa; Cactoblastis cactorum females (lef) and males (right); females have longer palps (i) than males (j). Both genders are characterized by a transverse line in the distal part of the wings (k, l).

Fig. 3 in A study of Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in its native range: further insights into life cycle, larval identification, developmental parameters, natural enemies, and damage to the host plant Opuntia ficus-indica (Caryophyllales: Cactaceae)

Fig. 3. Proportion of individuals of different developmental stages of Cactoblastis cactorum in Tucumán throughout the year. Inside the bars: E = eggsticks, L = larvae, P = pupae.

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Fig. 2 in Effect of temperature on the life cycle of Euspilotus azureus (Coleoptera: Histeridae), a predator of forensic importance

Fig. 2. Development rate (continuous line in grey) with a 95% confidence intervals and duration (in d, black line) of (a) egg development period, (b) first instar larvae, (c) second instar larvae, (d) pupa and (e) egg to adult of Euspilotus azureus, reared under controlled conditions (15, 20, 25, and 30 °C; photoperiod 12:12 h L:D; RH 65 ± 10%).

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Fig. 1 in Effect of temperature on the life cycle of Euspilotus azureus (Coleoptera: Histeridae), a predator of forensic importance

Fig. 1. Experimental arena (250 ml pot) containing 200 g of sifed commercial topsoil, where Euspilotus azureus were paired under controlled conditions (15, 20, 25, and 30 °C; photoperiod 12:12 h L:D; RH 65 ± 10%).

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Fig. 2 in A modelling approach to describe the Anthonomus eugenii (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) life cycle in plant protection: a priori and a posteriori analysis

Fig. 2. Simulation output from the model (1) evaluating the daily average temperature with the Logan development rate function.

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Fig. 1 in A modelling approach to describe the Anthonomus eugenii (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) life cycle in plant protection: a priori and a posteriori analysis

Fig. 1. Simulation output from the model (1) evaluating the daily average temperature with the Briére development rate function.

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Fig. 3 in A modelling approach to describe the Anthonomus eugenii (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) life cycle in plant protection: a priori and a posteriori analysis

Fig. 3. Briére development rate function compared with life tables point from Toapanta et al. (2005).

Fig. 5 in Life cycle truncation in Digenea, a case study of Neophasis spp. (Acanthocolpidae)

Fig. 5. Neophasis oculata metacercariae (A–F) and sexual adult (G). (A) General view of metacercaria (acetic carmine, DIC). (B–C) Histological sections, Mallory's trichrome stain, encysted metacercaria (B) and some of its inner structures (C). (D–F) SEM, ventral view (D) and magnified spines in the anterior (E) and posterior (F) regions. (G) Sexual adult (acetic carmine, DIC). Scale bars – 100 μm on A, B, D, G; 50 μm on C; 10 μm on E, F.Abbreviations: c – ceca; ci – cirrus; eg – eggs; ev – excretory vesicle; icy – inner cyst layer; ocy – outer cyst layer; os – oral sucker; ot – ootype; ov – ovary; pe – pigmented eyespots; ph – pharynx; sv – seminal vesicle; te – testes; ut – uterus; vi – vitelline follicles; vs – ventral sucker.

Fig. 2 in Life cycle truncation in Digenea, a case study of Neophasis spp. (Acanthocolpidae)

Fig. 2. Neophasis oculata intramolluscan stages: daughter redia (A), infective cercaria body structure (B) and general view (C).

Fig. 8 in Life cycle truncation in Digenea, a case study of Neophasis spp. (Acanthocolpidae)

Fig. 8. Phylogenetic position of Neophasis oculata and N. anarrhichae based on the concatenated 18S and 28S rDNA sequence data, inferred with Bayesian inference. Newly generated sequences are indicated in bold. Posterior probabilities are printed at nodes, followed by bootstrap values for the nodes that were also supported in the tree inferred with Maximum likelihood method. Scale bar shows the substitution rate. GenBank accession numbers for the 18S and 28S rDNA sequences are listed in the Supplementary Table S1.

Fig. 7 in Life cycle truncation in Digenea, a case study of Neophasis spp. (Acanthocolpidae)

Fig. 7. Neophasis anarrhichae successive life cycle stages. (A, B) whole mounts (toluidine blue, DIC) of the anterior end of daughter redia (A) and cercaria embryo (B). (C) Cercaria later embryo, CLSM, TRITC-phalloidin and phospho Y antibody staining. (D, E) whole mounts (toluidine blue, DIC) of cercaria (D) and metacercaria (E). (F) Anterior end of metacercaria with gland ducts, CLSM, acetylated α-tubulin and phospho Y antibody staining. (G) Sagittal section of metacercaria, Heidenhain's iron hematoxylin staining. (H) Sagittal section of metacercaria, Mallory's trichrome stain. (I) progenetic metacercaria (toluidine blue, DIC). (J) sexual adult (acetic carmine, DIC). Scale bars – 50 μm.Abbreviations: aс – anterior collecting duct; bp – birth pore canal; c – ceca; cd – caudal excretory duct; ci – cirrus; eg – eggs; ev – excretory vesicle; os – oral sucker; ot – ootype; ov – ovary; ovd – oviduct; pс – posterior collecting duct; pe – pigmented eyespots; pd – penetration gland ducts; ph – pharynx; sv – seminal vesicle; t – tail; te – testes; vi – vitelline follicles; vs – ventral sucker. Arrow indicate on site of main collecting duct division.. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)