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FIGURE 12 in A review of the genus Sphingius Thorell, 1890 from India (Araneae: Liocranidae)

FIGURE 12. Cambalida kambakamensis (Gravely, 1931) comb. nov., syntype Ƌ of Sphingius kambakamensis Gravely, 1931. A habitus, dorsal. B eye group, dorsal. C–E left pedipalp: C prolateral; D ventral; E retrolateral. F labels from type bottle. G original illustration adopted from Gravely (1931). Scale bars: A, 1 mm; B–E, 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 5. Sphingius bilineatus Simon, 1906 in A review of the genus Sphingius Thorell, 1890 from India (Araneae: Liocranidae)

FIGURE 5. Sphingius bilineatus Simon, 1906. Original illustrations of Ƌ pedipalp (A) and ♀ genitalia (B) adopted from Gravely (1931). Figures not to scale.

FIGURE 11 in A review of the genus Sphingius Thorell, 1890 from India (Araneae: Liocranidae)

FIGURE 11. Inthaeron longipes (Gravely, 1931) comb. nov., left pedipalp of syntype Ƌ of Sphingius longipes Gravely, 1931. A prolateral. B ventral. C retrolateral. Abbreviations: E embolus, FF fringed flange, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: A–C, 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 1. Sphingius barkudensis Gravely, 1931 in A review of the genus Sphingius Thorell, 1890 from India (Araneae: Liocranidae)

FIGURE 1. Sphingius barkudensis Gravely, 1931, lectotype Ƌ (A, D) and paralectotype ♀ 1 (B) and 2 (C). A–C habitus, dorsal. D eye group, dorsal. E labels from type bottle. F original illustrations adopted from Gravely (1931). Scale bars: A–C, 1 mm; D, 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 2. Sphingius barkudensis Gravely, 1931 in A review of the genus Sphingius Thorell, 1890 from India (Araneae: Liocranidae)

FIGURE 2. Sphingius barkudensis Gravely, 1931, lectotype Ƌ and paralectotype 2 ♀. A–C right pedipalp: A retrolateral; B ventral; C prolateral. D epigynum of paralectotype ♀ 1, ventral. E cleared epigynum of paralectotype ♀ 2, ventral. F vulva of the same, dorsal. Abbreviations: AH anterior epigynal hood, CD copulatory duct, E embolus, EP epigynal plate, MA median tegular apophysis, PP prolateral process of median tegular apophysis, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, S spermatheca. Scale bars: A–F, 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 6. Sphingius nilgiriensis Gravely, 1931 in A review of the genus Sphingius Thorell, 1890 from India (Araneae: Liocranidae)

FIGURE 6. Sphingius nilgiriensis Gravely, 1931, syntype Ƌ. A habitus, dorsal. B prosoma, prolateral. C eye group, dorsal. D opisthosoma showing group of bristles, ventral. E left expanded pedipalp, oblique ventral. F left retrolateral tibial apophysis, retrolateral. G labels from type bottle. H original illustration adopted from Gravely (1931). Abbreviations: E embolus, H haematodocha, MA median tegular apophysis, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, TA accessory tegular apophysis. Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B, 1 mm; C–D, 0.5 mm; E–F, 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 13 in A review of the genus Sphingius Thorell, 1890 from India (Araneae: Liocranidae)

FIGURE 13. Cambalida kambakamensis (Gravely, 1931) comb. nov., enlarged view of the embolus of the left pedipalp of syntype Ƌ of Sphingius kambakamensis Gravely, 1931. A prolateral. B ventral. C retrolateral. Scale bars: A–C, 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 9 in A review of the genus Sphingius Thorell, 1890 from India (Araneae: Liocranidae)

FIGURE 9. Sphingius sp.. A–D Ƌ left pedipalp: A prolateral, B ventral; C retrolateral; D enlarged view of retrolateral tibial apophysis, retrolateral. E ♀ epigynum, ventral. Abbreviations: C conductor, E embolus, MA median tegular apophysis, RTA retrolateral tibial apophysis, TA accessory tegular apophysis. Scale bars: A–E, 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 7 in The genus Jacaena Thorell, 1897 from southern China (Araneae: Liocranidae)

FIGURE 7. Jacaena zhui (Zhang and Fu, 2011). A female, habitus, dorsal view; B same, ventral view; C cephalothorax, front view; D left leg, femur I; E epigyne, dorsal view; F same, ventral view; G male left palp, prolateral view; H same, ventral view; I same, retrolateral view; J same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2mm (A–B), 0.5mm (C), 0.2mm (D–J).

FIGURE 6 in The genus Jacaena Thorell, 1897 from southern China (Araneae: Liocranidae)

FIGURE 6. Jacaena jinxini Liu & Xu, 2020. A male, habitus, dorsal view; B female, habitus, dorsal view; C epigyne, ventral view; D same, dorsal view; E male left palp, prolateral view; F same, ventral, view; G same, retrolateral view.

FIGURE 5 in The genus Jacaena Thorell, 1897 from southern China (Araneae: Liocranidae)

FIGURE 5. Jacaena luteolus sp. n. (A–C); Jacaena menglaensis sp. n. (D–F). A male left palp, prolateral view; B same, ventral, view; C same, retrolateral view; D male left palp, prolateral view; E same, ventral, view; F same, retrolateral view.

FIGURE 3 in The genus Jacaena Thorell, 1897 from southern China (Araneae: Liocranidae)

FIGURE 3. Jacaena aspera sp.n.. A epigyne, ventral view; B same, dorsal view; C male left palp, prolateral view; D same, ventral, view; E same, retrolateral view.

FIGURE 2 in The genus Jacaena Thorell, 1897 from southern China (Araneae: Liocranidae)

FIGURE 2. Jacaena spp. cephalothorax, frontal view (A–D). A J. bannaensis sp. n. (holotype); B J. luteolus sp. n. (holotype); C J. menglaensis sp. n. (holotype); D J. aspera sp. n. (female); E female left femur I (J. aspera sp. n.); F male (holotype), granulated TA (J. aspera sp. n.).

FIGURE 4 in The genus Jacaena Thorell, 1897 from southern China (Araneae: Liocranidae)

FIGURE 4. Jacaena bannaensis sp.n.. A epigyne, ventral view; B same, dorsal view; C same, dorsal view; D male left palp, prolateral view; E same, ventral, view; F same, retrolateral view.

FIGURE 1. Jacaena spp. habitus. J in The genus Jacaena Thorell, 1897 from southern China (Araneae: Liocranidae)

FIGURE 1. Jacaena spp. habitus. J. bannaensis sp. n. (A–C); J. aspera sp. n. (D–F); J. luteolus sp. n. (G); J. menglaensis sp. n. (H). A male (holotype) habitus, dorsal view; B female habitus, dorsal view; C same, ventral view; D male (holotype) habitus, dorsal view; E female habitus, dorsal view; F same, ventral view; G male (holotype) habitus, dorsal view; H male (holotype) habitus, dorsal view.

Figures 15- 17 in A New Species Of Apostenus From California, With Notes On The Genus (Araneae, Liocranidae)

Figures 15- 17.-Apostenus californicus, abdomen: 15, 16. Male; 15. Ventral view showing distribution of modified setae along midline; 16. Close-up of modified setae; 17. Female, comparable part of abdomen showing unmodified setae. Scale bar = 500 urn (15),30 um (16, 17).

Figure 2 in A New Species Of Apostenus From California, With Notes On The Genus (Araneae, Liocranidae)

Figure 2.-Map of southern California showing the known localities of Apostenus californicus. The northernmost locality (Inyo County) is tentative, being based on juvenile specimens.

Figures 11-14 in A New Species Of Apostenus From California, With Notes On The Genus (Araneae, Liocranidae)

Figures 11-14.-Apices of tarsus I of various spiders: 11. Liocranum sp., apical view showing median claw scar (MC) with lateral ridges (R) and the absence of a tuft or tenent hairs; 12. Drassinella sp., lateral view showing lateral claw (LC) and tuft (T) arising from lateral ridges (R) of median claw scar; 13-14. Titiotus sp.; 13. Lateral view showing claw tuft analog (TA); 14. Close-up showing reduced median claw (MC) with lateral ridges (R).

Figures 22-26 in A New Species Of Apostenus From California, With Notes On The Genus (Araneae, Liocranidae)

Figures 22-26.-Apostenus californicus, genitalia: 22-24. Male left palpus with embolus in black; 22. Prolateral-ventral view; 23. Ventral view; 24. Retrolateral view; 2 5, 26. Female epigynum; 25. Ventral view; 26. Dorsal view.

Figures 7-10 in A New Species Of Apostenus From California, With Notes On The Genus (Araneae, Liocranidae)

Figures 7-10.-Apostenus californicus, male leg parts: 7. Tibia IV showing plumose hair; 8-10. Apices of tarsus I; 8. Lateral view; 9. Apical view showing enlarged tenent hairs (TH) and lateral claw (LC); 10. Close-up of apical view showing median claw scar (MC) with lateral ridges (R) and origin of tenent hair laterad of lateral claw (0).