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376 results for “McMurdo Dry Valleys”
Biophysicochemical properties and hyperspectral reflectance values of biocrust and soil samples, Fryxell Basin, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (2022)
This data package includes biophysicochemical properties of biocrust and soil samples collected in-situ within the Lake Fryxell basin of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica during December 2022 at 64 different terrestrial locations. These parameters include biological (ash-free dry mass, pigment concentration, soil invertebrate counts), physical (gravimetric water content, electrical conductivity, pH), and chemical (inorganic nitrogen, inorganic phosphorous, total nitrogen, soil organic carbon) properties of the surface soil, biocrust, and underlying soil. This package also contains reflectance measurements of individual grab samples of biocrust, soil, and rock collected from each of the field sites, acquired in a laboratory using a hyperspectral spectrometer. Additionally, this package contains parameters derived solely from geospatial data for each of the field sites, including aspect, slope, elevation, gravimetric water content, and snow frequency. These data were used to model habitat suitability of biocrusts in the Fryxell Basin using both in-situ field survey data and geospatial parameters. They aid in our understanding of the ecology of biocrust communities, where they are located throughout the Fryxell basin, and the structure and functioning of these microhabitats as well as improving understanding of the regional carbon budget. These data also highlight the importance of snow patch-associated biocrust communities, which are understudied but likely an important piece of the overall carbon budget in this region.
Biophysicochemical properties, pigment concentrations, and nif gene counts of microbial mats and soils from Taylor and Beacon Valleys, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (2019-2020)
This data package includes biophysicochemical properties, pigment concentrations, and nif gene counts from microbial mat and soil samples collected from the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica during the 2019-20 austral summer. Specifically, data include physicochemical properties of the collected soils (gravimetric water content, pH, electrical conductivity, inorganic nitrogen, inorganic phosphorous, sulfate, chloride, soil organic carbon, and total nitrogen), biological properties of the microbial mats (ash-free dry mass and pigment concentrations – scytonemin, scytonemin-red, myxoxanthophyll, zeaxanthin, chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, β-carotene, canthaxanthin, echinenone), and nif gene counts (overall nif and nifH) of the soils and microbial mats. These data were collected to infer the functioning and nitrogen cycling abilities of microbial mat and soil communities from areas of differing landscape histories and geochemical legacies (Ross and Taylor tills in the Taylor Valley, and Beacon Cirque in Beacon Valley).
McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER: High frequency, 1-min pressure measurements of continuous stage (lake level) and ice surface ablation from Lake Hoare, Antarctica from 2012-2016
As part of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research program, continuous stage (lake level) and ice surface ablation were collected at Lake Hoare, located in Taylor Valley, Antarctica. This package contains data measured at 1-minute intervals from Nov 2012 to Apr 2013, Nov 2013 to Feb 2014, and Nov 2014 to Oct 2016.
Stream algal transect locations, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (1993-2023, ongoing)
As part of the Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, a systematic sampling program has been undertaken to monitor the abundance and species distribution of algal mats in glacial meltwater streams of that region. The transect locations table documents specific locations where such work has been performed.
Pulse-Press Project (P3): Continuous soil temperature and volumetric water content (VWC) measurements, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (2012-2021, ongoing)
Climate warming in polar regions is associated with thawing of permafrost, resulting in significant changes in soil hydrology, biogeochemical cycling, and in the activity and composition of soil communities. While ongoing directional climate warming presses can elicit such responses over decadal time scales, their manifestation typically occurs as discrete thawing pulses. Indeed, in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, abrupt changes in community structure and biogeochemical cycling in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems following a summer warming event (Jan. 2002) exceeded the influences of a decadal cooling trend in both magnitude and rate of response. Thus, we anticipate that climate-mediated permafrost changes and their associated impacts on soil communities and biogeochemical cycles may occur over seasonal time scales. The Pulse-Press Project (P3) experiment was established in 2012 as part of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) program to investigate impacts of seasonal wetting on ecosystem structure and functioning by simulating different frequencies of permafrost thawing events in Antarctic permafrost soils. Since the top horizons of most Antarctic soils are dry permafrost (i.e., there is insufficient water content to generate ice-cement), with ice-cement or massive ice typically below 30 cm, permafrost thawing events are likely to result in subsurface movements of water that may manifest as groundwater seeps down gradient. The P3 experiment consists of three permanent plots situated on the south-facing hillslope above Many Glaciers Pond in Taylor Valley. Each plot is 15 m by 7.5 m with a trench on the upslope end that is used for experimental wetting events. The Press plot receives water every austral summer, the Pulse plot receives water every other austral summer, and the Control plot never receives water, serving as the ambient treament. Each plot is instrumented with a network of soil moisture and temperature sensors, positioned
Continuous soil temperature, specific conductance, and volumetric water content measurements from the F6 Active Layer Monitoring Station (ALMS01), McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (2014-2021, ongoing)
As part of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project, five Active Layer Monitoring Stations (ALMSs) were established throughout Taylor Valley, Antarctica to support new research foci around the thermal-moisture dynamics of soils that may control habitat conditions and faunal responses to seasonal and annual freezing cycles in this ecosystem. Two ALMSs were established adjacent to streams (Green Creek, Von Guerard Stream), with sensors installed through the active layer from the thalweg out to the shoreline and dry soil beyond. Two ALMSs were similarly established adjacent to water tracks (Wormherder Creek, Water Track B) that are zero-order drainages of snow and ice melt that rarely have surface flow. The remaining station was established in dry soil (F6) to serve as an ambient control. ALMSs measure soil temperature, soil moisture (as volumetric water content; VWC), and specific conductance (as electrical conductivity; EC) through the active layer (soil surface down to the frost table) at several locations from the water’s edge to dry soils. This data package contains measurements from the Active Layer Monitoring Station at F6 (ALMS01), located on the south shore of Lake Fryxell.
Continuous soil temperature, specific conductance, and volumetric water content measurements from the Wormherder Creek Active Layer Monitoring Station (ALMS02), McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (2014-2021, ongoing)
As part of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project, five Active Layer Monitoring Stations (ALMSs) were established throughout Taylor Valley, Antarctica to support new research foci around the thermal-moisture dynamics of soils that may control habitat conditions and faunal responses to seasonal and annual freezing cycles in this ecosystem. Two ALMSs were established adjacent to streams (Green Creek, Von Guerard Stream), with sensors installed through the active layer from the thalweg out to the shoreline and dry soil beyond. Two ALMSs were similarly established adjacent to water tracks (Wormherder Creek, Water Track B) that are zero-order drainages of snow and ice melt that rarely have surface flow. The remaining station was established in dry soil (F6) to serve as an ambient control. ALMSs measure soil temperature, soil moisture (as volumetric water content; VWC), and specific conductance (as electrical conductivity; EC) through the active layer (soil surface down to the frost table) at several locations from the water’s edge to dry soils. This data package contains measurements from the Active Layer Monitoring Station at Wormherder Creek (ALMS02).
Continuous soil temperature, specific conductance, and volumetric water content measurements from the Von Guerard Stream Active Layer Monitoring Station (ALMS03), McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (2014-2021, ongoing)
As part of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project, five Active Layer Monitoring Stations (ALMSs) were established throughout Taylor Valley, Antarctica to support new research foci around the thermal-moisture dynamics of soils that may control habitat conditions and faunal responses to seasonal and annual freezing cycles in this ecosystem. Two ALMSs were established adjacent to streams (Green Creek, Von Guerard Stream), with sensors installed through the active layer from the thalweg out to the shoreline and dry soil beyond. Two ALMSs were similarly established adjacent to water tracks (Wormherder Creek, Water Track B) that are zero-order drainages of snow and ice melt that rarely have surface flow. The remaining station was established in dry soil (F6) to serve as an ambient control. ALMSs measure soil temperature, soil moisture (as volumetric water content; VWC), and specific conductance (as electrical conductivity; EC) through the active layer (soil surface down to the frost table) at several locations from the water’s edge to dry soils. This data package contains measurements from the Active Layer Monitoring Station at Von Guerard Stream (ALMS03).
Continuous soil temperature, specific conductance, and volumetric water content measurements from the Green Creek Active Layer Monitoring Station (ALMS04), McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (2014-2021, ongoing)
As part of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project, five Active Layer Monitoring Stations (ALMSs) were established throughout Taylor Valley, Antarctica to support new research foci around the thermal-moisture dynamics of soils that may control habitat conditions and faunal responses to seasonal and annual freezing cycles in this ecosystem. Two ALMSs were established adjacent to streams (Green Creek, Von Guerard Stream), with sensors installed through the active layer from the thalweg out to the shoreline and dry soil beyond. Two ALMSs were similarly established adjacent to water tracks (Wormherder Creek, Water Track B) that are zero-order drainages of snow and ice melt that rarely have surface flow. The remaining station was established in dry soil (F6) to serve as an ambient control. ALMSs measure soil temperature, soil moisture (as volumetric water content; VWC), and specific conductance (as electrical conductivity; EC) through the active layer (soil surface down to the frost table) at several locations from the water’s edge to dry soils. This data package contains measurements from the Active Layer Monitoring Station at Green Creek (ALMS04).
Continuous soil temperature, specific conductance, and volumetric water content measurements from the Water Track B Active Layer Monitoring Station (ALMS06), McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (2014-2021, ongoing)
As part of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project, five Active Layer Monitoring Stations (ALMSs) were established throughout Taylor Valley, Antarctica to support new research foci around the thermal-moisture dynamics of soils that may control habitat conditions and faunal responses to seasonal and annual freezing cycles in this ecosystem. Two ALMSs were established adjacent to streams (Green Creek, Von Guerard Stream), with sensors installed through the active layer from the thalweg out to the shoreline and dry soil beyond. Two ALMSs were similarly established adjacent to water tracks (Wormherder Creek, Water Track B) that are zero-order drainages of snow and ice melt that rarely have surface flow. The remaining station was established in dry soil (F6) to serve as an ambient control. ALMSs measure soil temperature, soil moisture (as volumetric water content; VWC), and specific conductance (as electrical conductivity; EC) through the active layer (soil surface down to the frost table) at several locations from the water’s edge to dry soils. This data package contains measurements from the Active Layer Monitoring Station at Water Track B (ALMS06).
Major ion and nutrient concentrations of water-soluble salts leached from aeolian material, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (2013-2016)
To evaluate the role of Antarctic aeolian transport in surface chemistry homogenization, fifty-three samples of aeolian material from the McMurdo Dry Valleys region of Antarctica were collected and analyzed for water-soluble major ions and nutrients at a 1:5 sediment:water ratio. Samples were collected seasonally from Alatna Valley, Victoria Valley, Miers Valley, and Taylor Valley (Taylor Glacier, East Lake Bonney, F6 (Lake Fryxell), and Explorer’s Cove) at five heights (~5, 10, 20, 50, 100 cm) above the surface between 2013 and 2015. This data package is associated with Aeolian Material Transport and Its Role in Landscape Connectivity in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, published by Diaz et al. in 2018 (DOI: 10.1029/2017JF004589).
Trace metal, ion, and nutrient concentrations in aeolian samples subjected to experimental freeze-thaw cycles, collected from Taylor Valley, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (2013-2016)
This data package contains measurements of trace metal, ion, and nutrient concentrations in aeolian samples collected from several locations throughout Taylor Valley in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica during the 2013-2014, 2014-2015, and 2015-2016 austral summers. Samples were collected by the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research Program (MCM LTER) using Big Spring Number Eight (BSNE) isokinetic wind samplers located at Explorer’s Cove, Lake Fryxell at F6, East Lake Bonney, and Taylor Glacier. Samples were then subjected to experimental freeze-thaw cycles in a controlled laboratory setting to simulate supraglacial weathering processes and then analyzed to understand how freeze-thaw cycles affect nutrient, ion, and trace metal concentrations over time.
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in discrete water column samples collected from lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (1993-2022, ongoing)
The McMurdo Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project monitors patterns of organic material transport in perennial ice-capped lakes. This data set addresses this core area of research and quantifies dissolved organic carbon concentrations at specific depths in McMurdo Dry Valley lakes.
Shapefiles for glacier, stream channel, and watershed boundaries in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (2023)
This data package includes shapefiles for selected glacier, stream watershed, and stream channel boundaries in the McMurdo Dry Valleys region of Antarctica. A combination of satellite imagery and digital elevation models were used to delineate watershed and stream channel outlines, while glaciers were outlined by hand. Watershed boundaries provide an estimate of the overall topographic contributing area for each stream in Fryxell Basin, whereas stream channel boundaries provide a topographic area estimate for stream channel, beyond the wetted margin, for each stream.
Ion concentrations in discrete water column samples collected from lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (1991-2019, ongoing)
As part of the Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, a systematic aqueous geochemical sampling program has been undertaken. A series of terrestrial water samples have been collected and analyzed for major ion chemistry by ion chromatography. The concentrations of ions cover a wide range of total dissolved solids from fresh to hypersaline lake waters. This dataset shows concentrations of lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, chloride, bromide, silicon, fluoride, SO4, found in various depths of Taylor Valley lakes.
Algal microbial mat biomass measurements from the McMurdo Dry Valleys and Cape Royds, Antarctica (1994-2025, ongoing)
As part of the Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, a systematic sampling program has been undertaken to monitor the glacial meltwater streams in that region. This dataset contains microbial biomass concentrations found in algal mats located in streams throughout the McMurdo Dry Valleys as well as in ponds of the nearby Cape Royds. Microbial mat biomass has been collected as part of the McMurdo LTER since the 1993-1994 field season and measured as ash-free dry mass (AFDM) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a).
Seasonal high-frequency measurements of discharge, water temperature, and specific conductivity from Harnish Creek Tributary (Relict Channel) at F11, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (1996-2020, ongoing)
As part of the Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, a systematic sampling program has been undertaken to monitor the glacial meltwater streams in that region. This package contains data pertaining to continuous monitored water quality and quantity parameters measured with automatic recording devices on streams in this region. Specifically, this metadata record describes the hydrology data set for the McMurdo Dry Valleys' Harnish Creek Tributary (Relict Channel) at the F11 streamgage, located in the Fryxell Basin of Taylor Valley. Measurements commenced during the 1996-97 season and are ongoing. This dataset extends through the first half of the 2019-20 field season.
Surface and hyporheic porewater chemistry and sediment nitrification potentials in Von Guerard Stream, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (2018-2020)
Surface water and hyporheic porewater samples were collected at high frequency during the 2017-18 (01/20/2018-01/21/2018) and 2018-19 (01/10/2019-01/12/2019) flow seasons, and opportunistically throughout the 2019-20 flow season (12/17/2019-1/25/2020) from the lower reaches of Von Guerard Stream, Taylor Valley, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. Porewater samples were collected using plastic tubing inserted to depths of 15 or 30 cm and drawn out by syringe. This data package includes sampling locations and water chemistry data (including concentrations for dissolved organic nitrogen species, dissolved organic carbon, silica, as well as water isotopes). A laboratory nitrification potential assay was performed on sediments collected from Von Guerard stream during the 2017-18 flow season to assess the functional microbial potential of the hyporheic microbial community to perform nitrification.
Hyporheic sediment characteristics from Von Guerard Stream, Taylor Valley, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica in January 2019
In this data package, we present chlorophyll concentrations, percent loss-on-ignition organic matter, sorbed ammonium concentrations, and percent biogenic silica for hyporheic sediments collected in January 2019 from nine transects across Von Guerard Stream, Taylor Valley, Antarctica. These samples were collected to address questions about the retention and processing of particulate organic matter in the hyporheic zone of McMurdo Dry Valley streams. The nine transects were located at pools, riffles, and meanders (three of each geomorphology type) along Von Guerard Stream and extended across the stream channel to the edges of the wetted zone, ranging from 6.6 to 13.6 m in length. At each sampling location, we collected subsurface bulk sediment down to a depth of 10 cm. We analyzed the sediment samples for chlorophyll-a, phaeophytin, loss-on-ignition, ammonium sorbed to the sediment, and the UV absorbance at 254 nm of sediment extractions. This data package is associated with a complementary data package that contains diatom community assemblages for the same samples.
Hyporheic diatom community assemblages from Von Guerard Stream, Taylor Valley, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica in January 2019
In this data package, we present diatom community assemblages from hyporheic sediments collected in January 2019 from six transects across Von Guerard Stream, Taylor Valley, Antarctica. These samples were collected to address questions about the retention and processing of particulate organic matter in the hyporheic zone of McMurdo Dry Valley streams. The six transects were located at pools, riffles, and meanders (three of each geomorphology type) along Von Guerard Stream and extended across the stream channel to the edges of the wetted zone, ranging from 6.6 to 13.6 m in length. At each sampling location, we collected subsurface sediment sample that was preserved in formalin directly after sample collection. We characterized diatom assemblages by counting a total of 300 diatom valves from each preserved diatom sample. This data package is associated with a complementary data package that contains hyporheic sediment chemistry for the same samples.
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