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209 results for “Microclimate”
Acclimation common garden microclimate at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory from 1999 to 2002
These microclimate data are being collected at two common garden locations to quantify the natural ambient temperatures for air and soil. This project will support other physiological projects that have been or will be collected.
Weather and Terrestrial Microclimate Measurements from sites located at Mars Hill University
This project contains data collected from sites located on the campus of Mars Hill University in Mars Hill, NC. Weather data includes measurements of air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction, precipitation, and photosynthetically active solar radiation. Soil moisture, soil temperature, and air temperature data were measured at two forested locations. At each forested location, eight soil moisture sensors were installed in transects radiating NE, NW, SE, and SW from the datalogger. Sensors were installed approximately 20m and 40m along the transect. Measurements were taken every minute and hourly and daily data values recorded.
Microclimate and growth data under three vegetation manipulations with and without Morella cerifera seedlings and grass clipping on Hog Island, Virginia, 2018
These data represent the growth, physiology, and microclimate measurements of 30 Morella cerifera seedlings in a south Hog Island swale. There were three manipulations: shrub seedlings with intact grass canopy, shrub seedlings with grasses clipped, and plots with no shrub seedlings but an intact grass canopy. Measurements include shrub seedlings dimensions, and isotopic characterizations for N and C.
Effects of flowers on land surface albedo and soil microclimate
<p>The phenology of vegetation, namely leaf-out and senescence, can influence the Earth's climate over regional spatial scales and long time periods (e.g., over 30 years or more), in addition to microclimates over local spatial scales and shorter time periods (weeks to months). However, the effects of flowers on climate and microclimate are unknown. We investigate whether flowers can influence light reflected by the land surface and soil microclimate in a subalpine meadow. We conducted a flower removal experiment with a common sunflower species, Helianthella quinquenervis, for 3 years (2015, 2017, and 2019). The flower removal treatment simulates the appearance of the meadow when Helianthella flowers earlier under climate change and loses its flowers to frost (other plant structures are not damaged by frost). We test the hypotheses that a reduction in cover of yellow flowers leads to a greener land surface, lower reflectance, warmer and drier soils, and increased plant water stress. Flower removal plots are greener, reflect less light, exhibit up to 1.2 °C warmer soil temperatures during the warmest daylight hours, and contain ca. 1% less soil moisture compared to controls. However, soils were warmer in only 2 of the 3 years, when flower abundance was high. Helianthella water use efficiency did not differ between removal and control plots. Our study provides evidence for a previously undocumented effect of flowers on soil microclimate, an effect that is likely mediated by climate change and flowering phenology. Many anthropogenic environmental changes alter landscape albedo, all of which could be mediated by flowers: climate change, plant invasions, and agriculture. This study highlights how further consideration of the effects of flowers on land surface albedo could improve our understanding of the effects of vegetation on microclimate.</p>
Data from: Forest fragmentation alters winter microclimates and microrefugia in human-modified landscapes
With over half of earth's terrestrial biota living beneath forest canopies, our ability to accurately capture organism-climate relationships in forested ecosystems is imperative for predicting species' vulnerability to future climate change. Assessing the vulnerability of forest dependent species, however, hinges on quantifying microclimates that exist below the forest canopy and might be influenced by varying levels of disturbance in human-modified landscapes. The goal of our study was to examine the multi-scaled predictors of subcanopy microclimate variability across a heterogeneous landscape in Midwestern USA during winter, and to further evaluate whether a widely available interpolated climate model accurately captures this variability. By deploying a network of temperature sensors along a fragmentation gradient, we found that forests in more fragmented landscapes experienced colder minimum and average daily temperatures throughout the winter than forests in less fragmented landscapes. We found that greater tree densities and higher elevations led to warmer microclimates while increasing distances from urban centers led to colder microclimates. The negative effect of forest edge on minimum temperatures was lessened by the effect of increasing basal area, highlighting the importance of local- and landscape-scale features on microclimate heterogeneity. Temperature discrepancies between subcanopy microclimates and climate interpolations were influenced by many of the same features, and could be of a similar magnitude as those predicted by future climate change scenarios. Using a biological threshold based on metabolic and demographic constraints for winter birds, we found that the variability in microclimates along our forest fragmentation gradient (50 km) was comparable to the magnitude captured by weather stations across a latitudinal gradient spanning more than 650 km. Our results suggest that biophysical properties of landscapes can alter spatial gradients of microclimates and should be considered when assessing species' vulnerabilities to future climate change.
Data from: Stepping inside the niche: microclimate data are critical for accurate assessment of species' vulnerability to climate change
To assess a species' vulnerability to climate change, we commonly use mapped environmental data that are coarsely resolved in time and space. Coarsely resolved temperature data are typically inaccurate at predicting temperatures in microhabitats used by an organism and may also exhibit spatial bias in topographically complex areas. One consequence of these inaccuracies is that coarsely resolved layers may predict thermal regimes at a site that exceed species' known thermal limits. In this study, we use statistical downscaling to account for environmental factors and develop high-resolution estimates of daily maximum temperatures for a 36 000 km2 study area over a 38-year period. We then demonstrate that this statistical downscaling provides temperature estimates that consistently place focal species within their fundamental thermal niche, whereas coarsely resolved layers do not. Our results highlight the need for incorporation of fine-scale weather data into species' vulnerability analyses and demonstrate that a statistical downscaling approach can yield biologically relevant estimates of thermal regimes.
Data from: Soil microclimate changes affect soil fungal communities in a Mediterranean pine forest
• Soil microclimate is a potentially important regulator of the composition of plant-associated fungal communities in climates with significant drought periods. Here, we investigated spatio-temporal dynamics of soil fungal communities in a Mediterranean Pinus pinaster forest in relation to soil moisture and temperature. • Fungal communities in 336 soil samples collected monthly during a year from 28 long-term experimental plots were assessed by PacBio sequencing of ITS2 amplicons. Total fungal biomass was estimated by analysing ergosterol. Community changes were analysed in the context of functional traits. • Soil fungal biomass was lowest during summer and late winter and highest during autumn, concurrent with a greater relative abundance of mycorrhizal species. Intra-annual spatio-temporal changes in community composition correlated significantly with soil moisture and temperature. Mycorrhizal fungi were less affected by summer drought than free-living fungi. In particular, mycorrhizal species of the short-distance exploration type increased in relative abundance under dry conditions, whereas species of the long-distance exploration type were more abundant under wetter conditions. • Our observations demonstrate a potential for compositional and functional shifts in fungal communities in response to changing climatic conditions. Free-living fungi and mycorrhizal species with extensive mycelia may be negatively affected by increasing drought periods in Mediterranean forest ecosystems.
Data from: Lizards in the mist: thermal niches constrained by habitat and microclimates in the Andes of southern Bolivia
Aim: To understand how the activity budgets of ectotherms vary in mountain areas with high microclimatic and habitat heterogeneity, and how these factors together with habitat modulate the assemblage of ectotherm communities. Location; Tajzara Basin, Cordillera de Sama (3600–4300 masl), Department of Tarija, Bolivia. Taxon: four lizard species of the genus Liolaemus. Methods: After parameterizing the thermal physiology of each species and recording operative temperature time series with dataloggers, we calculated activity budgets for every species across 30 sampling sites. By multimodel inference we evaluated how activity budgets varied across the topography. We also assessed how abundances of each species were predicted by activity budgets, restriction time, temperature deviation, habitat covers and exposure to cold microclimate. Results: Activity budgets were not only influenced by elevation, but also by the exposure to cold air that comes through saddles from the eastern side of the mountain divide. Although thermal physiological parameters were relatively similar among the species, their abundances were conditioned to different extents by activity budgets, habitat and microclimates. Main conclusions: The abundance and distribution of each species across these lizard communities reflect the microclimatic heterogeneity originated by complex topography, which uncouples activity budgets from elevation. Only one species was confined to cold microclimate refugia with higher exposure to Föhn effect. Despite having relatively similar thermal aspect of fundamental niches, lizards may differ in their realized niches by habitat selection. Habitat specialization could compromise the persistence of some species under global warming by reducing the dispersal possibilities to certain areas where population sustainability might be impaired in the long term. Understanding the heterogeneity of microclimates and habitats and the physiology of the species partially explains their distribution at local scale, and provides insights on how to best confront upcoming climate change effects.
Beech buffers: microclimate regulation in temperate old-growth forests, surroundings and forest edge
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Body mass and hibernation microclimate may predict bat susceptibility to white-nose syndrome
<p>In multi-host disease systems, differences in mortality between species may reflect variation in host physiology, morphology, and behavior. In systems where the pathogen can persist in the environment, microclimate conditions, and the adaptation of the host to these conditions, may also impact mortality. White-nose syndrome is an emerging disease of hibernating bats caused by an environmentally persistent fungus, Pseudogymnoascus destructans. We assessed the effects of body mass, torpid metabolic rate, evaporative water loss, and hibernaculum temperature and water vapor deficit on predicted overwinter survival of bats infected by P. destructans. We used a hibernation energetics model in an individual-based model framework to predict the probability of survival of nine bat species at eight sampling sites across North America. The model predicts time until fat exhaustion as a function of species-specific host characteristics, hibernaculum microclimate, and fungal growth. We fit a linear model to determine relationships with each variable and predicted survival and semi-partial correlation coefficients to determine the major drivers in variation in bat survival. We found host body mass and hibernaculum water vapor deficit explained over half of the variation in survival with white-nose syndrome across species. As previous work on the interplay between host and pathogen physiology and the environment has focused on species with narrow microclimate preferences, our view on this relationship is limited. Our results highlight some key predictors of interspecific survival among western bat species and provide a framework to assess impacts of white-nose syndrome as the fungus continues to spread into western North America.</p>
Fungal fruit body assemblages are tougher in harsh microclimates
<p class="yiv932230127131"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Forest species are affected by macroclimate, however, the microclimatic variability can be more extreme and change through climate change. Fungal fruiting community composition was affected by microclimatic differences. Here we ask whether differences in the fruiting community can be explained by morphological traits of the fruit body, which may help endure harsh conditions. We used a dead wood experiment and macrofungal fruit body size, color, and toughness. We exposed logs of two host tree species under closed and experimentally opened forest canopies in a random-block design for four years and identified all visible fruit bodies of two fungal lineages (Basidio- and Ascomycota). We found a consistently higher proportion of tough-fleshed species in harsher microclimates under open canopies. Although significant, responses of community fruit body size and color lightness were inconsistent across lineages. We suggest the toughness-protection hypothesis,<i> </i>stating that tough-fleshed fruit bodies protect from microclimatic extremes by reducing dehydration. Our study suggests that the predicted increase of microclimatic harshness with climate change will likely decrease the presence of soft-fleshed fruit bodies. Whether harsh microclimates also affect the mycelium of macrofungi with different fruit body morphology would complement our findings and increase predictability under climate change.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Data from: Fine with heat, problems with water: microclimate alters water loss in a thermally adapted insular lizard
Global change, including habitat isolation and climate change, has both short- and long-term impacts on wildlife populations. For example, genetic drift and inbreeding result in genetic impoverishment in small, isolated populations, while species undergo range shifts or adaptive phenotypic change in response to shifts in environmental temperatures. In this study, we utilize a model system in which Holocene landscape changes have occurred to examine long-term effects of population isolation. To examine how isolation may constrain responses to climate change, we characterized ecophysiology across land-bridge island populations of Erhard's wall lizard Podarcis erhardii. We hypothesized that 1) small, isolated populations that are likely genetically depauperate would exhibit lower phenotypic variability; and 2) populations would be adapted to local microhabitat conditions. We compared a population at a low elevation site on the large island of Naxos with two small populations on nearby islets to determine the effects of population fragmentation. We further compared the low elevation Naxos population with two high elevation sites characterized by disparate microclimates to examine the effects of microclimate. To assess the thermal biology and ecophysiological limits of the study species we measured operative body temperatures (Te), field body temperatures (Tb), preferred temperatures (Tp), thermal tolerances (CTmax and CTmin), and evaporative water loss (EWL). Our results indicate that small, isolated populations did not exhibit thermal biology or evaporative water loss, while EWL and thermoregulatory effort varied according to microhabitat characteristics. This study integrates fine-scale measurements with environmental data to provide a holistic view of the relationships between ecophysiology, fragmentation, and microclimate. Our methods can be applied to other ectotherms to gain a better understanding of potential impacts of global change on natural populations.
Distribution of ant assemblage, microclimate and microhabitat along vertical gradients
<p><span>Abiotic and biotic factors structure species assembly in ecosystems both horizontally and vertically. However, the way community composition changes along comparable horizontal and vertical distances in complex three-dimensional habitats, and the factors driving these patterns, remains poorly understood. By sampling ant assemblages at comparable vertical and horizontal spatial scales in a tropical rain forest, we tested hypotheses that predicted differences in vertical and horizontal turnover explained by different drivers in vertical and horizontal space. These drivers included environmental filtering, such as microclimate (temperature, humidity, and photosynthetic photon flux density) and microhabitat connectivity (leaf area) which are structured differently across vertical and horizontal space. We found that both ant abundance and richness decreased significantly with increasing vertical height. Although dissimilarity between ant assemblages increased with vertical distance, indicating a clear distance-decay pattern, the dissimilarity was higher horizontally where it appeared independent of distance. The pronounced horizontal and vertical structuring of ant assemblages across short distances is likely explained by a combination of microclimate and microhabitat connectivity. Our results demonstrate the importance of considering three-dimensional spatial variation in local assemblages and reveal how highly diverse communities can be supported by complex habitats.</span></p>
Supplementary material 5 from: Schmidt M, Lischeid G, Nendel C (2018) Data on and methodology for measurements of microclimate and matter dynamics in transition zones between forest and adjacent arable land. One Ecosystem 3: e24295. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.3.e24295
Explanation of header and data: Dist is the distance to the zero line (edge) into the forest in m; Month is the period of time before litterfall was sampled (see "Litterfall" for details); DryMass is the weight of the dried litter in g, Site is either west-facing or east-facing (see "Measurement site" for details).
Supplementary material 3 from: Schmidt M, Lischeid G, Nendel C (2018) Data on and methodology for measurements of microclimate and matter dynamics in transition zones between forest and adjacent arable land. One Ecosystem 3: e24295. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.3.e24295
Explanation of header and data: Dist is the distance from the zero line (edge) into the arable land in m, 0 is the zero line; Crop refers to the species (see "Biomass of crops" for more details); DryMass is given in g per m2.
Supplementary material 4 from: Schmidt M, Lischeid G, Nendel C (2018) Data on and methodology for measurements of microclimate and matter dynamics in transition zones between forest and adjacent arable land. One Ecosystem 3: e24295. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.3.e24295
Explanation of header and data: Site is either west-facing or east-facing site (see "Measurement site"); Dist is the distance from the zero line (edge) to the forest interior in m, 0 is the zero line; Tree number refers to a unique tree (number) in the plot (letter); Perimeter is measured at 1.30 m from the ground and is given in cm; BHD is derived from the perimeter and given in cm; Height is the measured height of the trees in m.
Supplementary material 6 from: Schmidt M, Lischeid G, Nendel C (2018) Data on and methodology for measurements of microclimate and matter dynamics in transition zones between forest and adjacent arable land. One Ecosystem 3: e24295. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.3.e24295
Explanation of header and data: Site is either west-facing or east-facing (see "Measurement site"); DistToEdge is the distance to the zero line (edge) in m, negative values are in the forest, positive values are in the arable land, zero is the edge; Repetition is the number of repetitions in the lab; Depth is measured in cm and is the depth of soil sampling ±3 cm; Ctot is the percentage (%) of total soil carbon content in the tested soil sample; Ntot is the percentage (%) of total soil nitrogen content in the tested soil sample and pH is the numeric scale to specify the acidity or basicity of the soil sample in solution.
Supplementary material 2 from: Schmidt M, Lischeid G, Nendel C (2018) Data on and methodology for measurements of microclimate and matter dynamics in transition zones between forest and adjacent arable land. One Ecosystem 3: e24295. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.3.e24295
Measured values are indicated in the header by the variable (e.g. "SoilMoist") followed by the distance to the zero line (e.g. 30, indicated by XX in the description below). Date.Time is given as YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS; SoilMoistXX is the soil moisture given in cm3 cm-3; SoilTempXX is the soil temperature given in °C; RelHumXX is the relative humidity given as dimensionless number; AirTempXX is the air temperature in °C; AirPressXX is the barometric air pressure given in kPa; SolarRadXX is the solar radiation given in W m-2; WindAvgXX is the average wind speed given in m s-1; WindMaxXX is the maximum wind speed given in m s-1; WindDirXX is the direction of the wind given in °; PrecXX is the precipitation given in mm; DistXX is the distance to the zero line (edge), positive values are in the arable land, negative values are in the forest, zero is the edge. For more details see "Microclimate". The data was edited according to "Data converting". Timezone: Central European Time (CET).
Supplementary material 1 from: Schmidt M, Lischeid G, Nendel C (2018) Data on and methodology for measurements of microclimate and matter dynamics in transition zones between forest and adjacent arable land. One Ecosystem 3: e24295. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.3.e24295
Measured values are indicated in the header by the variable (e.g. "SoilMoist") followed by the distance to the zero line (e.g. 30, indicated by XX in the description below). Date.Time is given as YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS; SoilMoistXX is the soil moisture given in cm3 cm-3; SoilTempXX is the soil temperature given in °C; RelHumXX is the relative humidity given as dimensionless number; AirTempXX is the air temperature in °C; AirPressXX is the barometric air pressure given in kPa; SolarRadXX is the solar radiation given in W m-2; WindAvgXX is the average wind speed given in m s-1; WindMaxXX is the maximum wind speed given in m s-1; WindDirXX is the direction of the wind given in °; PrecXX is the precipitation given in mm; DistXX is the distance to the zero line (edge), positive values are in the arable land, negative values are in the forest, zero is the edge. For more details see "Microclimate". The data was edited according to "Data converting". Timezone: Central European Time (CET).
Data and code for: Re-drawing Köppen-Geiger classes with microclimate: implications for nature and society
<p>Data and R code for reproducing analyses and visualizations for the paper:</p> <p>Klinges, D.H., Maclean, I.M.D., Scheffers, B.R. Re-drawing Köppen-Geiger classes with microclimate: implications for nature and society. <em>Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment </em>2024 (in press)</p>
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