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FIGURE 10. A-D in Diversity and renewal of tropical elasmobranchs around the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO) in North Africa: New data from the lagoonal deposits of Djebel el Kébar, Central Tunisia

FIGURE 10. A-D: Propristis cf. schweinfurti. A. Rostral denticle KEB 1-172, A1. Profile, A2. dorsal view; B. Rostral denticle KEB 1-173, Profile; C. Rostral denticle KEB 1-174, C1. Profile, C2. Dorsal view, C3. basal view; D. Rostral denticle KEB 1-175, D1. profile. D2. dorsal view; E: Pristis sp. Rostral denticle, KEB 1-165, dorsal view; F-G. Rhynchobatus cf. vincenti. F. anterior tooth KEB 1-176, F1. Occlusal view, F2. Basal view; G. anterior tooth KEB 1-177, occlusal view; H-I.?Torpedo sp. H. lateral tooth KEB 1-178, occlusal view, I. lateral tooth KEB 1-179, occlusal view.

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FIGURE 9. A-F in Diversity and renewal of tropical elasmobranchs around the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO) in North Africa: New data from the lagoonal deposits of Djebel el Kébar, Central Tunisia

FIGURE 9. A-F: Propristis cf. schweinfurti, A. Anterior oral tooth KEB 1-166, A1. Lingual view, A2. Occlusal view, A3. profile; B. Antero-lateral oral tooth KEB 1-167, B1. Occlusal view, B2. Lingual view, B3. Labial view; C. Anterior oral tooth KEB 1-168, C1. Lingual view, C2. Basal view, C3. Profile; D. lateral tooth KEB 1-169, D1. Lingual view, D2. Occlusal view, D3. Basal view, D4. Magnificence of crown-root boundary of D3; E.?male lateral tooth KEB 1-170, E1. Occlusal tooth, E2. Basal view; F.?male anterior tooth KEB 1-171, F1. Lingual view, F2. Occlusal view; G-L: Pristis sp. G. porterior tooth KEB 1-158, G1. Occlusal view, G2. Basal view; H. anterior tooth KEB 1-159, occlusal view; I. lateral tooth KEB 1-160, I1 occlusal view, I2., lingual view. J lateral tooth KEB 1-161, occlusal view; K. anterior tooth KEB 1-162, occlusal view; L. lateral tooth of?juvenile KEB 1-163, L1. Occlusal view, L2. Basal view; M. lateral tooth of juvenile KEB 1-164, M1. Occlusal view, M2. Profile.

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FIGURE 1 in Diversity and renewal of tropical elasmobranchs around the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO) in North Africa: New data from the lagoonal deposits of Djebel el Kébar, Central Tunisia

FIGURE 1. Paleotemperatures (ice-free deep-ocean T°/ tropical sea surface T°) and Thermic events during the "doubthouse" conditions of Eocene period (from Cramwinckel et al., 2018 modified with events dating from Hollis et al., 2019). Stratigraphically and geographical locations of the main deposits with Elasmobranch associations along the southwestern Tethys. Abbreviations: DAK: Dakhla (Adnet et al., 2010), GEN: Genam (Zouhri et al., 2017, in press); AZ: Aznag (Tabuce et al., 2005) PM: Phosphate ores (see Noubhani and Cappetta, 1997), Morocco; GAF: Gafsa basin (see Arambourg, 1952); KEBAR: Kébar (this work and Adnet et al., 2019); MBK: Mabrouk (see Sweydan et al., 2019), Tunisia; EG: ElGedida (see Strougo et al., 2007); KM: KM11 (see Adnet et al., 2011) MT: Minqar Tabaghbagh (see Zalmout et al., 2012); BQ: Birquet Qarun QS: Quar et Sa; GE: Genahamm Fm.; MI: Midawara FM. from Wadi al Hitan, see Underwood et al., 2011), Egypt; QD: Qa Faydat al Dahikya, Jordania, see Mustafat and Zalmout, 2002).

Fig. 6 in Diversity of cingulate xenarthrans in the middle-late Eocene of Northwestern Argentina

Fig. 6. Osteoderms of Dasypodidae incertae sedis from the middle member of the Geste Formation, middle–late Eocene, Antofagasta de la Sierra, Catamarca Province, Argentina. A–O. Pucatherium parvum MLP 93-VI-1-17 (A–F), MLP 88-V-10-19 (G–O). P, Q. Punatherium catamarquensis gen. et sp. nov., holotype, fixed osteoderm, MLP 93-VI-1-18 (P) and paratype, semimovable osteoderm, MLP 86-V-6-24 (Q). Photographs (A1−Q1), line drawings (A2−Q2).

Fig. 5 in Diversity of cingulate xenarthrans in the middle-late Eocene of Northwestern Argentina

Fig. 5. Osteoderms of euphractin Parutaetus punaensis sp. nov. from the middle member of the Geste Formation, middle–late Eocene, Northwestern Argentina. A. Holotype, MLP 83-XI-3-2; Quebrada El Paso, near the Pozuelos salt flat, Los Andes Department, Salta Province. B–E. Fixed osteoderms from Antofagasta de la Sierra, Catamarca Province; morphotype assigned to the lateral zones of the pelvic buckler, MLP 93-VI-1-17 (B, D), MLP 86-V-6- 25 (C, E, F–I), and movable osteoderms, MLP 86-V-10-19 (J), MLP 93-VI-1-18 (K). L–Q. Fixed osteoderms from Antofagasta de la Sierra, Catamarca Province; morphotype assigned to the medial zone of the pelvic buckler, MLP 88-V-10-18 (L), MLP 86-V-6-24 (M–P), MLP 86-V-6-25 (Q). Photographs A, B1−Q1), line drawings (B2−Q2).

Fig. 4 in Diversity of cingulate xenarthrans in the middle-late Eocene of Northwestern Argentina

Fig. 4. Dasypodines from the middle member of the Geste Formation, middle–late Eocene, Northwestern Argentina. A. cf. Astegotherium sp., fixed osteoderm, MHAS 067; Quebrada El Paso, near the Pozuelos salt flat, Los Andes Department, Salta Province. B, C.?Prostegotherium sp., movable osteoderms, MHAS 024 (B) and PVL 6567 (C); Antofagasta de la Sierra, Catamarca Province. D−F. Parastegosimpsonia cf. P. peruana, fixed osteoderms, PVL 6569 (D) and MLP 88-V-10-19A (E, broken); movable osteoderm, PVL 6409 (F); Antofagasta de la Sierra, Catamarca Province. G. Dasypodinae indet., movable osteoderm, MLP 88-V-10-19; Antofagasta de la Sierra, Catamarca Province. H−J. Movable osteoderms of Stegosimpsonia (H), Dasypodinae indet. (I) and Anadasypus (J). Photographs (A1−G1), line drawings (A2−G2, H−J). H–J, not to scale.

Fig. 3 in Diversity of cingulate xenarthrans in the middle-late Eocene of Northwestern Argentina

Fig. 3. Generalized lithostratigraphic profile of the Geste Formation exposed at Antofagasta de la Sierra, Catamarca, Argentina. Numbers indicate the bedding: strike/dip. Abbreviations: St, siltstone; S, sandstone; C, conglomerate; f, fine; m, medium; c, coarse.

Fig. 2 in Diversity of cingulate xenarthrans in the middle-late Eocene of Northwestern Argentina

Fig. 2. Distribution of Geste Formation in different basins of the Northwestern Argentina. The distribution of this formation is mainly along N-S areas close to the Eastern margin of the Puna Plateau, coinciding with the predominant Andean direction. 1, Salar de Atacama; 2, Salar del Rincón; 3, Salar de Arizaro; 4, Salar de Pocitos; 5, Salar del Hombre Muerto; 6, Salar de Antofalla; SC, San Antonio de los Cobres; PG, Santa Rosa de los Pastos Grandes; P, La Poma; An, Angasto; Af, Antofagasta de la Sierra.

Fig. 1. A, B in Diversity of cingulate xenarthrans in the middle-late Eocene of Northwestern Argentina

Fig. 1. A, B. Location of the studied area in South America. C. Map of Northwestern Argentina showing the main middle and middle–late Eocene fossil-bearing localities: 1, Antofagasta de la Sierra; 2, Quebrada El Paso; 3, Luracatao valley; 4, Cerro Tin Tin; 5, El Aguilar; 6, Estancia Pampa Grande—El Simbolar; 7, Juramento River.

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Fig. 1 in Tarsal morphology of the pleuraspidotheriid mammal Hilalia from the middle Eocene of Turkey

Fig. 1. Map of Turkey with the location of the Orhaniye Basin in Central Anatolia (A), geological map of the Orhaniye Basin (B) showing the fossil locality that yielded the astragalus described here, and a synthetic log (C) showing the succession of lithological units exposed in the Orhaniye Basin. Purple stars indicate the location of the fossil site that yielded EOU-UCF-1.

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Fig. 3 in Tarsal morphology of the pleuraspidotheriid mammal Hilalia from the middle Eocene of Turkey

Fig. 3. Comparison of right astragali of Paleocene and Eocene "condylarths": Hilalia saribeya (A), Pleuraspidotherium aumonieri (B), Orthaspidotherium edwardsi (C), Meniscotherium sp. (D), Arctocyon primaevus (E), in dorsal (A1–E1) and plantar (A2–E2) views. Adapted from Argot (2013), Ladevèze et al. (2010), Williamson and Lucas (1992). Scale bars 5 mm.

Fig. 15 in A middle Eocene seep deposit with silicified fauna from the Humptulips Formation in western Washington State, USA

Fig. 15. The orbitestellid gastropod Orbitestella dioi sp. nov. from the middle Eocene Satsop Weatherwax seep deposit, Washington State, USA. A. NRM Mo 185033; specimen with 2.25 whorls in apical view (A1); apertural view showing a rounded aperture (A2); close-up on protoconch, arrow indicates protoconch-teleoconch transition (A3). B. NRM Mo 185034 (holotype) with roughly 2 whorls in apical (B1) and oblique (B2) views; close-up on protoconch (B3).

Fig. 16 in A middle Eocene seep deposit with silicified fauna from the Humptulips Formation in western Washington State, USA

Fig. 16. The lepidopleurid polyplacophoran Leptochiton terryiverseni sp. nov. from the middle Eocene Satsop Weatherwax seep deposit, Washington State, USA; all specimens represented by intermediate valves. A. NRM Mo 185035 (paratype); isolated valve with preserved apophyses in dorsal (A1) and anterior (A2) views; close-up of sculpture (A3). B. NRM Mo 185036 (holotype), three articulated valves in dorsal (B1), posterior (B2), and lateral (B3) views. C. NRM Mo 185037 (paratype); isolated valve showing the broad jugal sinus in lateral (C1), dorsal (C2), and ventral (C3) views.

Fig. 4 in A middle Eocene seep deposit with silicified fauna from the Humptulips Formation in western Washington State, USA

Fig. 4. The thyasirid bivalve Thyasira (Thyasira) sp. from the middle Eocene Satsop Weatherwax seep deposit, Washington State, USA. A. NRM Mo 185006; posterodorsal view of right valve hinge and umbo with two prominent ridges (A1); lateral view (A2); close-up on posterodorsal ridges (A3). B. NRM Mo 185007 with edentulous hinge (B1); close-up on prodissoconch (B2).

Fig. 1 in A middle Eocene seep deposit with silicified fauna from the Humptulips Formation in western Washington State, USA

Fig. 1. Maps showing the location of the Satsop Weatherwax locality in Grays Harbor County in Washington State, USA; location of the enlarged map indicated by white rectangle.

Fig. 11 in A middle Eocene seep deposit with silicified fauna from the Humptulips Formation in western Washington State, USA

Fig. 11. Invertebrate fossils from the middle Eocene Satsop Weatherwax seep deposit, Washington State, USA. A. The inarticulate brachiopod Discinisca sp. (NRM Br 149701); view on upper surface (A1) and close-up of sculpture (A2). B–D. Probable serpulid tubes; specimens with flanges (B, NRM An 3073; C, NRM An 3074); a partially coiled specimen lacking flanges (D, NRM An 3075). E. Spine possibly belonging to an atelostomatan echinoid (NRM Ec 34702), complete specimen (E1) and detail of sculpture (E2). F. Scaphopod with fine concentric ribs (NRM Mo 185038).

Fig. 9 in A middle Eocene seep deposit with silicified fauna from the Humptulips Formation in western Washington State, USA

Fig. 9. The buccinid neogastropod Colus? sp. from the middle Eocene Satsop Weatherwax seep deposit, Washington State, USA. A. NRM Mo 185029, small specimen with well-preserved aperture and siphonal canal. B. NRM Mo 185030, larger specimen.

Fig. 14 in A middle Eocene seep deposit with silicified fauna from the Humptulips Formation in western Washington State, USA

Fig. 14. The provannid gastropod Provanna fortis sp. nov. from the middle Eocene Satsop Weatherwax seep deposit, Washington State, USA. A. NRM Mo 185027, teleoconch with 2.5 whorls (A1); basal view showing spiral cords and aperture with siphonal notch (A2). B. NRM Mo 185028 (holotype); part of protoconch and teleoconch with 3 strongly angular whorls with spines (B2); close-up on protoconch (B1); spiral suture and fading axial rib (B3); growth increments (B4).

Fig. 2 in A middle Eocene seep deposit with silicified fauna from the Humptulips Formation in western Washington State, USA

Fig. 2. Scanned polished slab of carbonate from the middle Eocene Satsop Weatherwax seep deposit showing its main petrographic features.

Fig. 3 in A middle Eocene seep deposit with silicified fauna from the Humptulips Formation in western Washington State, USA

Fig. 3. Cross-plot of carbon and oxygen isotope data of the middle Eocene Satsop Weatherwax seep deposit; all values are given relative to the PDB standard.