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Fig. 7 in Evolution of Poecilimon jonicus group (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae): a history linked to the Aegean Neogene paleogeography

Fig. 7 Land-sea configuration in the Aegean area in different periods of the Neogene based on reconstructions by Popov et al. (2004) (with details taken from Creutzburg 1963 and Dermitzakis 1990) with historical biogeography hypothesis for the Messinian. a Late Serravallian (12–11 Ma), a possible time for the origin and early divergence of Barbitistini; b late Tortonian (8.5–7 Ma), transgression of the Mid-Aegean area in Tortonian

Fig. 6 Timetrees for the P in Evolution of Poecilimon jonicus group (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae): a history linked to the Aegean Neogene paleogeography

Fig. 6 Timetrees for the P. jonicus group based on different phylogenies and time calibrations with node labels referring to the time estimation in millions of years. a BEAST maximum clade credibility tree inferred from COI and ND2 partitions calibrated for the substitution rate of COI; b BEAST chronogram and RelTime timetree inferred from the COI+ND2 phylogeny calibrated for the last separation of Crete (values above nodes, BEAST chronogram estimations; values below nodes, RelTime timetree estimations); c BEAST chronogram inferred from the 16S rRNA+12S rRNA phylogeny calibrated for the TMRCA (interval) of P. jonicus group (node 12) as suggested from the COI+ND2 chronogram. Different topologies of the trees are marked with "*" for the COI partitions and "**"for the ND2 partition on (a) and different topology of the BEAST and RelTime trees on (b). Numbers in white circles corre- spond to data in Supplementary material C. Light blue vertical band marks the onset of the northern hemisphere glaciation and dark blue lines mark major climatic switches in the Pleistocene. Uniform gray areas below the trees show united Aegean landmass (left) and re- unification of large areas in Messinian (right), while striped areas show disintegrated state of the Aegean

Fig. 4 in Evolution of Poecilimon jonicus group (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae): a history linked to the Aegean Neogene paleogeography

Fig. 4 Phylogenetic relationships of the members of the Poecilimon jonicus group sensu lato with four outgroups from the genus Poecilimon and two outgroups from additional genera (P, Poecilimon; L., Leptophyes; I., Isophya). a Combined maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference phylogenetic trees based on a 1659 bp alignment of the COI+ ND2 mitochondrial dataset and b Bayesian inference phylogenetic tree based on a 1835 bp alignment of the 16S rRNA+12S rRNA mitochondrial dataset (Ullrich et al. 2010). Node values at branches show node support: above, ML bootstrap proportions; below, BI posterior probabilities; asterisk (*) indicates branches resolved by one of the analyses

Fig. 5 in Evolution of Poecilimon jonicus group (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae): a history linked to the Aegean Neogene paleogeography

Fig. 5 Phylo-spatial dimension of the P. jonicus group based on the mtDNA phylogeny (data combined from COI+ND2 and 16S rRNA+12S rRNA datasets). Blue, "Anatolian" lineage; green, "Cretan" lineage; orange, "Balkan" lineage including Poecilimon inflatus

Fig. 3 in Evolution of Poecilimon jonicus group (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae): a history linked to the Aegean Neogene paleogeography

Fig. 3 Phylogenetic relationships of the members of the Poecilimon jonicus group sensu lato with four outgroups from the genus Poecilimon and two outgroups from additional genera of Barbitistini (P, Poecilimon; L., Leptophyes; I., Isophya) based on Bayesian inference analysis of ITS1+ITS2 sequences. a 665 bp alignment-tree of sequences obtained in this study and from GenBank (Ullrich et al. 2010) and b 717 bp alignment-tree of sequences available from Ullrich et al. (2010). Node support is shown at (below) resolved branches

Fig. 2 in Evolution of Poecilimon jonicus group (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae): a history linked to the Aegean Neogene paleogeography

Fig. 2 Distribution of the members of the Poecilimon jonicus group sensu lato—ranges of all species currently considered within the groups P. jonicus and P. inflatus including subspecies of P. jonicus shown with different colors as marked in the plates

Fig. 1 in Evolution of Poecilimon jonicus group (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae): a history linked to the Aegean Neogene paleogeography

Fig. 1 General appearance of representatives of the Poecilimon jonicus group. a, b P. jonicus lobulatus (a male, b female); c P. werneri (female); d, e P. erimanthos (d male, e female); f P. inflatus lyciae (male); g, h

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Text-fig. 11. Geological map south of the Nel'ma Bay. 1 - granodiorite (Early Palaeogene); 2 – Eocene andesitic and dacitic tuff with plant-bearing argillitic lenses; 3 – Late Eocene to Early Miocene andesite-basalt (Kizi Volcanic Group); 4 – tuffogenous sedimentary plant-bearing lenses with plant fossils; 5 – Dacite neck (Early Oligocene) 1 km south of the Dembi Bay; 6 – Pliocene pebbles and conglomerates; 7 – Plateaubasalts (Sovgavan' Formation, Late Neogene–Quaternary); 8 – Quaternary alluvial deposits; 9 – localities with fossil plants: a – Sonje, b – Bui, c – Dembi. in Mid-Latitude Palaeogene Floras Of Eurasia Bound To Volcanic Settings And Palaeoclimatic Events - Experience Obtained From The Far East Of Russia (Sikhote-Alin') And Central Europe (Bohemian Massif)

Text-fig. 11. Geological map south of the Nel'ma Bay. 1 - granodiorite (Early Palaeogene); 2 – Eocene andesitic and dacitic tuff with plant-bearing argillitic lenses; 3 – Late Eocene to Early Miocene andesite-basalt (Kizi Volcanic Group); 4 – tuffogenous sedimentary plant-bearing lenses with plant fossils; 5 – Dacite neck (Early Oligocene) 1 km south of the Dembi Bay; 6 – Pliocene pebbles and conglomerates; 7 – Plateaubasalts (Sovgavan' Formation, Late Neogene–Quaternary); 8 – Quaternary alluvial deposits; 9 – localities with fossil plants: a – Sonje, b – Bui, c – Dembi.

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Text-fig. 2. Main geological structures of the eastern slope of the Sikhote-Alin' ridge and main plant-bearing localities of the Cenozoic floras. I – Mesozoic folded basement; II – East Sikhote-Alin' Volcanic Belt (Late Cretaceous–Early Palaeocene); III – Near-Shore Basaltic Volcanic Belt (Eocene–Early Miocene); IV – Udyl Basin (Cenozoic); V – Late Neogene to Quaternary plateaubasalts; Va – Sovgavan plateau; Vb – Samarga plateau; Vc – Bikin plateau. 1 – Malo-Mikhaylovka; 2 – Siziman; 3 – Sjurkum; 4 – Botchi; 5 – Dembi; 6 – Bui; 7 – Sonje; 8 – Takhobe; 9 – Amgu; 10 – Velikaya Kema; 11 – Zerkal'naya (former Tadushi). in Mid-Latitude Palaeogene Floras Of Eurasia Bound To Volcanic Settings And Palaeoclimatic Events - Experience Obtained From The Far East Of Russia (Sikhote-Alin') And Central Europe (Bohemian Massif)

Text-fig. 2. Main geological structures of the eastern slope of the Sikhote-Alin' ridge and main plant-bearing localities of the Cenozoic floras. I – Mesozoic folded basement; II – East Sikhote-Alin' Volcanic Belt (Late Cretaceous–Early Palaeocene); III – Near-Shore Basaltic Volcanic Belt (Eocene–Early Miocene); IV – Udyl Basin (Cenozoic); V – Late Neogene to Quaternary plateaubasalts; Va – Sovgavan plateau; Vb – Samarga plateau; Vc – Bikin plateau. 1 – Malo-Mikhaylovka; 2 – Siziman; 3 – Sjurkum; 4 – Botchi; 5 – Dembi; 6 – Bui; 7 – Sonje; 8 – Takhobe; 9 – Amgu; 10 – Velikaya Kema; 11 – Zerkal'naya (former Tadushi).

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Text-fig. 3. Distribution of main types of volcanoes in the NearShore Volcanic Belt of Eastern Sikhote-Alin' (Eocene–Neogene). 1 – Central volcanoes (partly preserved); 2 – Central volcanoes (destructed); 3 – Shield and gentle sloping volcanoes with a dolerite or trachy-basaltic neck on the top; 4 – Lava and scoria cones; 5 – Pyroclastic, tuffaceous coarse- and fine-grained terrigenous sedimentary rocks, partly with plant-bearing levels; 6 – Eruption centers of plateau-basalts and the direction of lava flows; 7 – Main Late Cenozoic basaltic plateaus; 8 – Fumarol fields; 9 – Hot springs. in Mid-Latitude Palaeogene Floras Of Eurasia Bound To Volcanic Settings And Palaeoclimatic Events - Experience Obtained From The Far East Of Russia (Sikhote-Alin') And Central Europe (Bohemian Massif)

Text-fig. 3. Distribution of main types of volcanoes in the NearShore Volcanic Belt of Eastern Sikhote-Alin' (Eocene–Neogene). 1 – Central volcanoes (partly preserved); 2 – Central volcanoes (destructed); 3 – Shield and gentle sloping volcanoes with a dolerite or trachy-basaltic neck on the top; 4 – Lava and scoria cones; 5 – Pyroclastic, tuffaceous coarse- and fine-grained terrigenous sedimentary rocks, partly with plant-bearing levels; 6 – Eruption centers of plateau-basalts and the direction of lava flows; 7 – Main Late Cenozoic basaltic plateaus; 8 – Fumarol fields; 9 – Hot springs.

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Text-fig. 5. Profiles of the Konin region with the backgroundstratigraphy of the upper part of the Neogene in the Polish Lowlands. in Micropalaeontological Taphocoenoses Of The Miocene Poznań Formation (Konin Area, Central Poland)

Text-fig. 5. Profiles of the Konin region with the backgroundstratigraphy of the upper part of the Neogene in the Polish Lowlands.

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Fig. 22.1 in Chapter 22: Rodents from the Chinese Neogene: Biogeographic Relationships with Europe and North America

Fig. 22.1. Distribution of Neogene rodent localities in China. , Early Miocene (Xiejian + Shanwangian): 1, Suosuoquan; 2, Xiejia; 3, Gaolanshan; 4, Zhangjiaping; 5, Gashunyinadege; 6, Wuertu; 7, Shanwang; 8, Sihong (Songlinzhuang, Zhengji, Shuanggou); 9, Fangshan. v, Middle Miocene (Tunggurian): 10, Halamagai; 11, Quantougou; 12, Lierpu (Qijia, Danshuilu); 13, Dingjiaergou; 14, Tunggur; 15, Tairum Nor. M, Late Miocene (Baodean): 16, Songshan; 17, Bulong; 18, Jilong; 19, Qingyang; 20, Baode; 21, Lantian (Bahe); 22, Amuwusu; 23, Shala; 24, Baogedawula; 25, Ertemte (Harr Obo); 26, Shihuiba; 27, Yuanmou. ·, Pliocene (Yushean): 28, Bilike; 29, Jingle; 30, Dingcun; 31, Youhe; 32, Daodi; 33, Zhoukoudian (Cap Travertine); 34, Yinan; 35, Zhaotong; 36, Wushan.., Late Miocene + Pliocene: 37, Yushe (Mahui; Gaozhuang; Mazegou; Haiyan; Jiayucun); 38, Lingtai (Wenwanggou).

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Fig. 4 in New Miocene sulid birds from Peru and considerations on their Neogene fossil record in the Eastern Pacific Ocean

Fig. 4. Sulid bird Ramphastosula aguirrei sp. nov. from Poza Negra, Sacaco Sur (Peru), Pisco Formation, Late Miocene. A Holotype MUSM 665. Skull in lateral (A1), posterior (A2), dorsal (A3), and ventral (A4) views. Left quadrate in (A5) anterior and (A6) posterior views. B. Section of rostrum at its midlength showing differences in the outline of Ramphastosula and other sulids. C–E. Comparison of the ear region in ventral view in the Peruvian booby Sula variegata DPV AM P8 (C) from Isla Lobos de Afuera, Lambayaque (Peru), Recent; R. ramirezi MUSM 264 (D) from Poza Roja, Sacaco Sur (Peru), Messinian (Late Miocene); and R. aguirrei MUSM 665 (E) from Poza Negra, Sacaco Sur (Peru), Messinian (Late Miocene).

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Fig. 3 in New Miocene sulid birds from Peru and considerations on their Neogene fossil record in the Eastern Pacific Ocean

Fig. 3. Sulid bird Sula figueroae sp. nov. from Cerro Colorado locality, Peru, Pisco Formation, early Late Miocene. A. Holotype MUSM 2501. Skull in lateral (A1), posterior (A2), dorsal (A4), and ventral (A5) views. Isolated lacrimal in lateral view (A3). Left carpometacarpus in ventral view (A6). Synsacrum and pelvis in ventral (A7) and lateral (A8) views. B. Paratype MUSM 2502. Sternum in lateral (B1) and ventral (B2) views. Coracoid in (B3) dorsal view. Left scapula in (B4) lateral view. Right humerus in anterior (B5), lateral (B6), and posterior (B7) views. Proximal portion of ulna in ventral view (B8). Right femur in anterior view (B9). Right tibiotarsus in anterior view (B10). Right tarsometatarsus in anterior (B11) and plantar (B12) views.

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Fig. 1 in New Miocene sulid birds from Peru and considerations on their Neogene fossil record in the Eastern Pacific Ocean

Fig. 1. Maps of the Ocucaje (A) and Sacaco (B, modified from Brand 2001) areas, southestern Peru, indicating the type localities of fossil sulids described in this paper.

Fig. 2 in Systematic review of Neocavia from the Neogene of Argentina: Phylogenetic and evolutionary implications

Fig. 2. Measurements used in the comparative analysis A. Skull of Microcavia australis, Recent. B. Third left upper molar (M3) C. First right lower premolar (p4; anterior to left). Abbreviations: Cranial measurements: APB, anteromedial-posterorlateral length of tympanic bullae; APL, length of premaxillary-maxillary suture to anterior border of foramen magnum; BO, width of the anterior half of the basioccipital; BP, anteroposterior length of the posterior part of the diastema; IF, length of incisive foramina; MXL, length from the premaxillary-maxillary suture to the posterior portion of the M3 projection; UDL, upper diastema length from alveolar posterior margin of incisor to alveolar anterior margin of P4; WBc, width of basicranial. Dental measurements: LAP, anteroposterior length of molariforms; LLA, anteroposterior length of anterior lobe of molariforms; LPL, anteroposterior length of posterior lobe of molariforms; PLE, posterolabial extension of anterior lobes; WAL, mediolateral length of anterior lobe of molariforms; WPL, mediolateral length of posterior lobe of molariforms.

Fig. 8 in Systematic review of Neocavia from the Neogene of Argentina: Phylogenetic and evolutionary implications

Fig. 8. Juvenile caviid rodents; molariforms (DP4 and P4) in occlusal views. A. Neocavia pampeana sp. nov. (GHUNLPam 21286) from Cerro Azul Formation, late Miocene–early Pliocene, Huayquerian Stage/Age, Calufú locality, La Pampa Province, Argentina. B. Microcavia australis Gervais and Ameghino, 1880 (MACN-Ma.34-12, reversed), Recent, from La Rioja Province. Photographs (A1, B1) and explanatory drawings (A2, B2). Scale bars 0.5 mm.

Fig. 1. A in Systematic review of Neocavia from the Neogene of Argentina: Phylogenetic and evolutionary implications

Fig. 1. A. Location map indicating the geographic distribution of Neocavia localities in Argentina. B. Encalilla and Andalhuala localities, Santa María Valley, Tucumán, and Catamarca provinces, respectively. C. Caleufú locality, La Pampa Province. D. Farola Monte Hermoso locality, Buenos Aires Province.

Fig. 7 in Systematic review of Neocavia from the Neogene of Argentina: Phylogenetic and evolutionary implications

Fig. 7. Caviid rodent Neocavia pampeana sp. nov. from Cerro Azul Formation, late Miocene–early Pliocene, Caleufú locality, La Pampa Province,Argentina. A. GHUNLPam 21351, fragment of palate. B. GHUNLPam 21854, fragment of palate. C. GHUNLPam 21286, fragment of palate. D. GHUNLPam 21288 reflected), fragment of mandible. E. GHUNLPam 19622 (reflected), fragment of mandible. F. GHUNLPam 19559, holotype (reflected), fragment of mandible. In ventral (A1, B2, C), lateral (A2, B1), labial (D1, E1, F1), lingual (D2, E2, F2), and occlusal (D3, E3, F3) views. Abbreviation: nMpi, notch for the insertion of the tendon of the masseter medialis pars infraorbitalis muscle.

Fig. 4 in Systematic review of Neocavia from the Neogene of Argentina: Phylogenetic and evolutionary implications

Fig. 4. Mandibles of the caviid rodent Neocavia from the Neogene of Argentina. A. Neocavia lozanoi Kraglievich, 1932 from the "Araucanense", late Miocene–early Pliocene, Andalhuala locality, Santa María Valley, Catamarca Province. MACN-Pv 8400, mandible in lateral view (from Kraglievich 1948). B. Neocavia sp. from the lower levels of the Monte Hermoso Formation, Montehermosan Stage/Age, early Pliocene, Farola Monte Hermoso locality, Buenos Aires Province. MD-FM-17-01, mandible fragment in labial (B1), lingual (B2), and occlusal (B3; B4, explanatory drawing) views. C. "Neocavia despressidens" Parodi and Kraglievich, 1948 from upper? levels the Monte Hermoso Formation, early Pliocene, Farola Monte Hermoso locality, Buenos Aires Province. MLP 46-V-13-53, mandible in lateral view and molariform series in occlusal view (from Parodi and Kraglievich 1948). Abbreviations: ap, alveolar protuberances; chin, mandibular symphysis; ias, incisive alveolar sheath; nMpi, notch for the insertion of the tendon of the masseter medialis pars infraorbitalis muscle.