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307 results for “Phylogenetic endemism”
Data for: A new endemic Smilax (Smilacaceae) from Tafelberg, Suriname, supported by morphometric and phylogenetic evidence
<p>Taxonomy of <em>Smilax</em> in the Neotropics is poorly known with many undescribed species, unresolved synonymy, and regional treatments with conflicting taxon concepts. This issue is amplified in the Guiana Shield, which has arguably received the least amount of taxonomic research over the years. Here, we investigate multiple specimens from Tafelberg, Suriname that we hypothesized to represent an undescribed species. We used univariate and multivariate morphometrics to analyze linear measurements and leaf outlines to test if and how Tafelberg specimens differ from those of morphologically similar species in the Guiana Shield, <em>Smilax lasseriana</em> and <em>S. maypurensis</em>. We used a genome skimming approach to sequence and assemble plastomes, which also allowed us to extract loci previously employed in Sanger-based studies and place the putative new species in a phylogeny with expanded taxon sampling. We recovered the <em>Smilax</em> from Tafelberg as more closely related to species with ranges centered in eastern Brazil than to its morphologically hypothesized congeners, <em>S. lasseriana</em> and <em>S. maypurensis</em>. We describe this new species as <em>Smilax tafelbergensis</em> with detailed morphological comparisons to similar taxa, a distribution map, and illustration.</p>
Phylogenetic endemism and ancestral area inference reveal historical refugia in the Greater Cape Floristic Region
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Phylogenetic diversity and endemism of the vascular flora of the páramo ecoregion
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Alignments and phylogenetic tree from: A new endemic species of Loasa ser. Macrospermae from northern Chile
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Data for: A new endemic Smilax (Smilacaceae) from Tafelberg, Suriname, supported by morphometric and phylogenetic evidence
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Phylogenetic study of the New Caledonian endemic genus Adenodaphne (Lauraceae) confirms its synonymy with Litsea
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Data from: Phylogenetic measures of biodiversity and neo- and paleo-endemism
Understanding spatial patterns of biodiversity is critical for conservation planning, particularly given rapid habitat loss and human-induced climatic change. Diversity and endemism are typically assessed by comparing species ranges across regions. However, investigation of patterns of species diversity alone misses out on the full richness of patterns that can be inferred using a phylogenetic approach. Here, using Australian Acacia as an example, we show that the application of phylogenetic methods, particularly two new measures, relative phylogenetic diversity and relative phylogenetic endemism, greatly enhances our knowledge of biodiversity across both space and time. We found that areas of high species richness and species endemism are not necessarily areas of high phylogenetic diversity or phylogenetic endemism. We propose a new method called categorical analysis of neo- and paleo-endemism (CANAPE) that allows, for the first time, a clear, quantitative distinction between centres of neo- and paleo-endemism, useful to the conservation decision-making process.
Data from: Current climate, isolation and history drive global patterns of tree phylogenetic endemism
Aim: We mapped global patterns of tree phylogenetic endemism (PE) to identify hotspots and test hypotheses about possible drivers. Specifically, we tested hypotheses related to current climate, geographical characteristics and historical conditions, and assessed their relative importance in shaping PE patterns. Location: Global. Time period: We used the present distribution of trees, and predictors covering conditions from the mid-Miocene to present. Major taxa studied: All seed-bearing trees. Methods: We compiled distributions for 58,542 tree species across 463 regions worldwide, matched these to a recent phylogeny of seed plants, and calculated PE for each region. We used a suite of predictor variables describing current climate (e.g. mean annual temperature), geographical characteristics (e.g. isolation) and historical conditions (e.g. tree cover at the last glacial maximum) in a spatial regression model to explain variation in PE. Results: Tree PE was highest on islands, and was higher closer to the equator. All three groups of predictor variables contributed substantially to the PE pattern. Isolation and topographic heterogeneity promoted high PE, as did high current tree cover. Among mainland regions, temperature seasonality was strongly negatively related to PE, while mean annual temperature was positively related to PE on islands. Some relationships differed among the major floristic regions. For example, tree cover at the last glacial maximum was a positive predictor of PE in the Paleotropics, while tree cover at the Miocene was a negative predictor of PE in the Neotropics. Main conclusions: Globally, PE can be explained by a combination of geographic, historical, and current factors. Some geographic variables appear to be key predictors of PE. However, the impact of historic and current climate variables differs considerably among the major floristic regions, reflecting their unique histories. Hence, the current distribution of trees is the result of globally relevant geographic drivers and regional climatic histories.
FIGURE 3a in Phylogenetic analysis of the genera of endemic Hawaiian sap beetles (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) based on morphology with redescription and key to the genera of endemic Hawaiian Nitidulidae
FIGURE 3a. Bootstrap consensus from additive binary matrix. Bremer support above branch, bootstrap value below. Island designated in square brackets, obsolete genus attributions in parentheses.
FIGURES 30–54. 30 in Phylogenetic analysis of the genera of endemic Hawaiian sap beetles (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) based on morphology with redescription and key to the genera of endemic Hawaiian Nitidulidae
FIGURES 30–54. 30. Gonioryctus bifarius, head, dorsal view; 31. Prosopeus perkinsi, head, dorsal view; 32. Prosopeus varius, head, dorsal view; 33. Eupetinus sulcatus, head, dorsal view; 34. Gonioryctus anticatus, antennal club, antennomeres 8–11; 35. Gonioryctus oppositus, antennomeres 8–11; 36. G. anticatus, head, dorsal view; 37. Apetasimus involucer, head, dorsal view; 38. G. oppositus, pronotum; 39. Orthostolus undescribed (Alakai Swamp, Kauai, No. 1), antennomeres 8–11; 40. Apetasimus subalatus, antenna; 41. Prosopeus latiusculus, prothorax, lateral view; 42. Generic elytron cross section: a, narrow anterior lateral margin; b, wide anterior lateral margin; 43. Eupetinus impressus, labial palp, ventral view; 44. Apetasimus guttatus, labial palp, ventral view; 45. Apetasimus pleomelarrosus, labrum; 46. G. anticatus, labrum; 47. A. involucer, spermatheca; 48. A. pleomelarrosus, spermatheca; 49. A. involucer, aedeagus, ventral view; 50. A. pleomelarrosus, aedeagus, ventral view; 51. Gonioryctus perkinsi, pronotum; 52. Gonioryctus cuneatus, pronotum; 53. Gonioryctus conicicollis, pronotum; 54. Gonioryctus eremitus, pronotum. iii third labial palpomere, ix ninth antennomere, ag accessory gland, br basal ring, pp prosternal process, spd spermathecal duct, tmp temple.
FIGURE 2a in Phylogenetic analysis of the genera of endemic Hawaiian sap beetles (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) based on morphology with redescription and key to the genera of endemic Hawaiian Nitidulidae
FIGURE 2a. Strict consensus of three trees from 102 informative binary characters. Unambiguous changes mapped when present on all three MPRs. L = 166, Ci = 65, Ri = 87. Empty branch A supported by three characters (2 ci<1, 1 ci=1) under acctran and one (ci<1) under deltran optimization. Empty branch B supported by one (ci<1) character under deltran optimization. Island designated in square brackets, obsolete genus attributions in parentheses.
FIGURE 2b in Phylogenetic analysis of the genera of endemic Hawaiian sap beetles (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) based on morphology with redescription and key to the genera of endemic Hawaiian Nitidulidae
FIGURE 2b. Strict consensus of five trees from 47 informative unordered multistate characters. L = 122, Ci = 77, Ri = 90. Unambiguous changes mapped when present on all five MPRs. Empty branch A supported by 2 characters (1 ci<1, 1 ci=1) under acctran and one (ci=1) under deltran optimization. Empty branch B supported by one (ci<1) character under deltran optimization. Island designated in square brackets, obsolete genus attributions in parentheses
FIGURES 14–29. 14 in Phylogenetic analysis of the genera of endemic Hawaiian sap beetles (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) based on morphology with redescription and key to the genera of endemic Hawaiian Nitidulidae
FIGURES 14–29. 14. Cillaeopeplus staphyliniformis, male; 15. Cillaeopeplus infimus protibia and tarsus; 16. Cillaeopeplus undescribed (Kauai No. 2), prosternum; 17. Gonioryctus arduus, female; 18. Apetasimus conditus, female; 19. Apetasimus debbiae, protarsus; 20. Apetasimus ganeademus, prosternum (lateral view); 21. Prosopeus latiusculus, prosternum; 22. P. l., dissected prothorax, posterior view into gut foramen, showing prosternal process appressed to sternite; 23. Prosopeus varius, prosternum, lateral view; 24. P. v., prosternum; 25. P. v., dissected prothorax, posterior view into gut foramen, showing prosternal process with short vertical face; 26. Orthostolus prosternalis, prosternum; 27. O. p., prosternum, lateral view; 28. O. p., pronotum showing anteromedial setal patch; 29. Prosopeus undescribed (Waialeale, Kauai), head, dorsal view. iii third palpomere; pp prosternal process.
FIGURES 9–13. 9 and 10 show perisac, 11–13 show aedeagus and internal copulatory sac. 9 in Phylogenetic analysis of the genera of endemic Hawaiian sap beetles (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) based on morphology with redescription and key to the genera of endemic Hawaiian Nitidulidae
FIGURES 9–13. 9 and 10 show perisac, 11–13 show aedeagus and internal copulatory sac. 9. Gonioryctus kauaiensis; 10. Gonioryctus koae; 11. Orthostolus undescribed, Alakai Swamp, Kauai; 12. Apetasimus involucer; 13 Eupetinus priscus. aed aedeagus, fl flagellum, flex flexure between external membrane and flagellum, md membranous duct, dst dorsal-sclerites tertiary, sd sperm duct, sdj junction of spermduct and flagellum, sp sclerites-primary. Dorsal surface of perisac up.
FIGURE 1 in Phylogenetic analysis of the genera of endemic Hawaiian sap beetles (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) based on morphology with redescription and key to the genera of endemic Hawaiian Nitidulidae
FIGURE 1. Eversion of the male internal copulatory sac. A. Sac fully inverted; B. Sac partially everted; C. Sac fully everted showing manicasac ensheathing perisac with gonopore exposed. aed aedeagus, bs basisac, fl flagellum, flex flexure between distal end of flagellum and membrane, gp gonopore, md membranous duct, ms manicasac, ps perisac, rm retractor muscle, sd sperm duct, sp sclerites-primary.
FIGURE 3b in Phylogenetic analysis of the genera of endemic Hawaiian sap beetles (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) based on morphology with redescription and key to the genera of endemic Hawaiian Nitidulidae
FIGURE 3b. Bootstrap consensus from unordered multistate matrix. Bremer support above branch, bootstrap value below. Island designated in square brackets, obsolete genus attributions in parentheses
FIGURE 2. Inferred phylogenetic relationship within the C in Cyrts in the city: A new Bent-toed Gecko (Genus Cyrtodactylus) is the only endemic species of vertebrate from Batu Caves, Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia
FIGURE 2. Inferred phylogenetic relationship within the C. sworderi complex. The tree is a Maximum likelihood topology (- ln L 13731.665952) with Bayesian Posterior probabilities and Maximum Likelihood bootstrap values respectively.
Figs. 12–20 in Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini)
Figs. 12–20. Parameres in caudal view. 12) Aulacopalpus aconcaguensis; 13) Aulacopalpus ciliatus; 14) Aulacopalpus clypealis; 15) Aulacopalpus pilicollis; 16) Aulacopalpus castaneus; 17) Aulacopalpus punctatus; 18) Aulacopalpus viridis; 19) Aulacopalpus pygidialis, 20) Aulacopalpus valdiviensis.
Figs. 6–11. 6 in Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini)
Figs. 6–11. 6) Protarsomere 5 and claw of male Aulacopalpus pilicollis, 7) Protarsomere 5 and claw of male Aulacopalpus pygidialis. 8) Protarsomere 5 and claw of female Aulacopalpus ciliatus. 9) Dorsal view of modified proclaw of male Aulacopalpus ciliatus. 10) Dorsal view of modified proclaw of male Aulacopalpus castaneus. 11) Lateral view of Aulacopalpus valdiviensis parameres and phallobase.
Fig. 2 in Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini)
Fig. 2. Strict consensus tree of the Brachysternina based on eight equally parsimonious trees with bootstrap support values for the clades. Unambiguous character state changes are indicated on branches.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.