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155 results for “Range Structure”
Supplementary Structural Models (SARS-CoV-2 Spike-RBD:ACE2 complex and TMPRSS2) - SARS-CoV-2 spike protein predicted to form complexes with host receptor protein orthologues from a broad range of mammals
<p>Structural Models (PDB) of SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD bound to ACE2 receptors of 215 animals.</p> <p>Structural model of Human TMPRSS2.</p> <p>Modelled using the FunMod pipeline and referenced in the preprint</p> <p><a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.01.072371v5">SARS-CoV-2 spike protein predicted to form complexes with host receptor protein orthologues from a broad range of mammals</a></p> <p> </p>
Data from: Fine-scale genetic structure and conservation status of American badgers at their northwestern range periphery
Peripheral populations are often characterized by small population size and low genetic diversity, with many at risk of extirpation. These characteristics may be even more pronounced in human-modified landscapes that further reduce the resiliency of populations to environmental change. Situated at the northwestern edge of the species' range, the western American badger (Taxidea taxus jeffersonii) is an endangered mammal in Canada, where it inhabits the interior grassland and open forest ecosystems of British Columbia (BC) and continues to be threatened by severe vehicle-induced mortality rates and other anthropogenic factors. Here, we collected mitochondrial DNA haplotypic and microsatellite genotypic data to investigate the extent and distribution of American badger genetic variation within and among sites in British Columbia, and relative to adjacent populations in the USA, including in Washington state. From these data, we reconstructed population structure and connectivity, and examined current designatable unit status. Patterns of genetic variation for American badgers in British Columbia were as expected for peripheral populations, including reduced genetic diversity, increased population differentiation, and evidence of demographic contraction. Furthermore, we found limited connectivity between regional populations in our study area and identified significant substructure isolating the most northwestern sampling unit (Cariboo), findings that starkly contrast with the high levels of gene flow observed between populations across the species' range core. These results have important implications for current designatable unit status for western American badgers in British Columbia and emphasize the need for further population monitoring and mitigation of potential barriers to gene flow.
Data from: An active-radio-frequency-identification system capable of identifying co-locations and social-structure: validation with a wild free-ranging animal
Behavioural events that are important for understanding sociobiology and movement ecology are often rare, transient and localised, but can occur at spatially distant sites e.g. territorial incursions and co-locating individuals. Existing animal tracking technologies, capable of detecting such events, are limited by one or more of: battery life; data resolution; location accuracy; data security; ability to co-locate individuals both spatially and temporally. Technology that at least partly resolves these limitations would be advantageous. European badgers (Meles meles L.), present a challenging test-bed, with extra-group paternity (apparent from genotyping) contradicting established views on rigid group territoriality with little social-group mixing. In a proof of concept study we assess the utility of a fully automated active-radio-frequency-identification (aRFID) system combining badger-borne aRFID-tags with static, wirelessly-networked, aRFID-detector base-stations to record badger co-locations at setts (burrows) and near notional border latrines. We summarise the time badgers spent co-locating within and between social-groups, applying network analysis to provide evidence of co-location based community structure, at both these scales. The aRFID system co-located animals within 31.5 m (adjustable) of base-stations. Efficient radio transmission between aRFIDs and base-stations enables a 20 g tag to last for 2–5 years (depending on transmission interval). Data security was high (data stored off tag), with remote access capability. Badgers spent most co-location time with members of their own social-groups at setts; remaining co-location time was divided evenly between intra- and inter-social-group co-locations near latrines and inter-social-group co-locations at setts. Network analysis showed that 20–100% of tracked badgers engaged in inter-social-group mixing per week, with evidence of trans-border super-groups, that is, badgers frequently transgressed notional territorial borders. aRFID occupies a distinct niche amongst established tracking technologies. We validated the utility of aRFID to identify co-locations, social-structure and inter-group mixing within a wild badger population, leading us to refute the conventional view that badgers (social-groups) are territorial and to question management strategies, for controlling bovine TB, based on this model. Ultimately aRFID proved a versatile system capable of identifying social-structure at the landscape scale, operating for years and suitable for use with a range of species.
Micro-endemic species of snails and amphipods show population genetic structure across very small geographic ranges
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Understanding variation in population genetic structure, even across small distances and for species with extremely limited ranges, is critical for conservation planning and the development of effective management strategies for imperiled species. Organisms that occupy the same geographic extent can maintain different population structures, ranging from highly diverged to panmictic. Such differences can result from differences in biological characteristics such as dispersal ability or demographic history. We used microsatellite loci to evaluate population genetic structure and variation of four desert spring invertebrates having high to low dispersal ability: the lung snail <em>Physa acuta</em>, two species of gilled snails (<em>Juturnia kosteri</em> and <em>Pyrgulopsis roswellensis</em>; family Hydrobiidae) and the amphipod <em>Gammarus desperatus</em>. The study location represents entire species ranges for the micro-endemic hydrobiids and <em>G. desperatus</em>, while <em>P. acuta</em> is ubiquitous throughout much of North America. We found little evidence of significant population genetic structure for <em>P. acuta</em><span> and </span><em>J. kosteri</em><span>,</span></span><em><span> </span></em><span>but much more for</span><em><span> </span></em><em><span>P. roswellensis </span></em><span>and </span><em><span>G. desperatus.</span></em><span> Our results demonstrate differences in habitat preference and/or dispersal ability between the species. While significant isolation-by-distance was detected in the two hydrobiids, dispersal is likely more limited in <em>P. roswellensis</em> than <em>J. kosteri</em>. This information provides insight into how gene flow shapes varying population genetic structure between species across small spatial scales (<100 km<sup>2</sup>). Most importantly, our results suggest that conservation agencies should not consider these microendemic species to be composed of single populations, but rather, that management plans for such species should account for population genetic variation across the species' ranges.</span></p>
Supplementary material 2 from: Boenigk J, Wodniok S, Bock C, Beisser D, Hempel C, Grossmann L, Lange A, Jensen M (2018) Geographic distance and mountain ranges structure freshwater protist communities on a European scalе. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 2: e21519. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.2.21519
Lake characteristics and diversity indices
Supplementary material 3 from: Boenigk J, Wodniok S, Bock C, Beisser D, Hempel C, Grossmann L, Lange A, Jensen M (2018) Geographic distance and mountain ranges structure freshwater protist communities on a European scalе. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 2: e21519. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.2.21519
Bray distance matrix
Supplementary material 1 from: Boenigk J, Wodniok S, Bock C, Beisser D, Hempel C, Grossmann L, Lange A, Jensen M (2018) Geographic distance and mountain ranges structure freshwater protist communities on a European scalе. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 2: e21519. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.2.21519
Sample Identifier for molecular analyses
Data from: Inferring the origin of populations introduced from a genetically structured native range by approximate Bayesian computation: case study of the invasive ladybird Harmonia axyridis
Correct identification of the source population of an invasive species is a prerequisite for testing hypotheses concerning the factors responsible for biological invasions. The native area of invasive species may be large, poorly known and/or genetically structured. Because the actual source population may not have been sampled, studies based on molecular markers may generate incorrect conclusions about the origin of introduced populations. In this study, we characterized the genetic structure of the invasive ladybird Harmonia axyridis in its native area using various population genetic statistics and methods. We found that H. axyridis native area most likely consisted of two geographically distinct genetic clusters located in eastern and western Asia. We then performed approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) analyses on controlled simulated microsatellite data sets to evaluate: (i) the risk of selecting incorrect introduction scenarios, including admixture between sources, when the populations of the native area are genetically structured and sampling is incomplete, (ii) the ability of ABC analysis to minimize such risks by explicitly including unsampled populations in the scenarios compared. Finally, we performed additional ABC analyses on real microsatellite data sets to retrace the origin of biocontrol and invasive populations of H. axyridis, taking into account the possibility that the structured native area may have been incompletely sampled. We found that the invasive population in eastern North America, which has served as the bridgehead for worldwide invasion by H. axyridis, was probably formed by an admixture between the eastern and western native clusters. This admixture may have facilitated adaptation of the bridgehead population.
Data from: Fine-scale spatial genetic structure across the species range reflects recent colonization of high elevation habitats in silver fir (Abies alba Mill.)
<p class="western"><span>Variation in genetic diversity across species ranges has long been recognized as highly informative for assessing populations' resilience and adaptive potential. The spatial distribution of genetic diversity within populations, referred to as fine-scale spatial genetic structure (FSGS), also carries information about recent demographic changes, yet it has rarely been connected to range scale processes. We studied eight silver fir (<i>Abies alba </i>Mill.<i>)</i> population pairs (sites), growing at high and low elevations, representative of the main genetic lineages of the species. A total of 1368 adult trees and 540 seedlings were genotyped using 137 and 116 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), respectively. Sites revealed a clear east-west isolation-by-distance pattern consistent with the post-glacial colonization history of the species. Genetic differentiation among sites (<i>F</i><sub>CT</sub>=0.148) was an order of magnitude greater than between elevations within sites (<i>F</i><sub>SC</sub>=0.031), nevertheless high elevation populations consistently exhibited a stronger FSGS. Structural equation modeling revealed that elevation and, to a lesser extent, post-glacial colonization history, but not climatic and habitat variables, were the best predictors of FSGS across populations. These results suggest that high elevation habitats have been colonized more recently across the species range. Additionally, paternity analysis revealed a high reproductive skew among adults and a stronger FSGS in seedlings than in adults, suggesting that FSGS may conserve the signature of demographic changes for several generations. Our results emphasize that spatial patterns of genetic diversity within populations provide information about demographic history complementary to non-spatial statistics, and could be used for genetic diversity monitoring, especially in forest trees.</span></p>
The impact of estimator choice: Disagreement in clustering solutions across K estimators for Bayesian analysis of population genetic structure across a wide range of empirical datasets
<p class="CxSpFirst">The software program STRUCTURE is one of the most cited tools for determining population structure. To infer the optimal number of clusters from STRUCTURE output, the Δ<i>K</i> method is often applied. However, a recent study relying on simulated microsatellite data suggested that this method has a downward bias in its estimation of <i>K</i> and is sensitive to uneven sampling. If this finding holds for empirical datasets, conclusions about the scale of gene flow may have to be revised for a large number of studies. To determine the impact of method choice, we applied recently described estimators of <i>K</i> to re-estimate genetic structure in 41 empirical microsatellite datasets; 15 from a broad range of taxa and 26 focused on a diverse phylogenetic group, coral. We compared alternative estimates of <i>K</i> (Puechmaille statistics) with traditional (Δ<i>K</i> and posterior probability) estimates and found widespread disagreement of estimators across datasets. Thus, one estimator alone is insufficient for determining the optimal number of clusters regardless of study organism or evenness of sampling scheme. Subsequent analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) between clustering solutions did not necessarily clarify which solution was best. To better infer population structure, we suggest a combination of visual inspection of STRUCTURE plots and calculation of the alternative estimators at various thresholds in addition to Δ<i>K</i>. Differences between estimators could reveal patterns with important biological implications, such as the potential for more population structure than previously estimated, as was the case for many studies reanalyzed here.</p>
Fig. 3 in Comparative analysis of the population structure of Crematogaster subdentata and Lasius neglectus in the primary and secondary ranges (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Fig. 3 – Scheme of the foraging areas of Crematogaster subdentata in Rostov-on-Don large accessible nests of C. subdentata in buildings and outside; inaccessible nests of C. subdentata in buildings; trees: Ac – Acer sp., Ae – Aesculus hippocastanum, Aj – Albizia julibrissin, Al – Ailanthus altissima, An – Acer negundo, C – Campsis radicans, Fr – Fraxinus sp., Gl – Gleditsia triacanta, J – Juglans regia, Mn – Morus nigra, Pa – Prunus americana, Pc – Prunus cerasus, Pp – Populus niger, Ps – Prunus spinosa, Ra – Robinia pseudoacacia, Tl – Tilia sp., Ul – Ulmus sp., V – Viburnum sp.
figure 5 in Spatial genetic structure in the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) meta-population from its core range in Italy
figure 5 Cumulative current map, based on all possible pairs of sampling locations, representing the amount of current flowing through each pixel. Higher current flow represents higher connectivity, and vice versa.
figure 2 in Spatial genetic structure in the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) meta-population from its core range in Italy
figure 2 Definition of the six main river basins by drawing a buffer area of 1 km around all waterways connected to the main rivers: in green, the Cilento basin; in pink, the Agri basin; in blue, the Sinni basin; in red, the Lao basin; in orange, the Basento basin; in violet, the Abatemarco basin. Red spots indicate the location of the collected samples. The bold blue lines highlight the main rivers, while the tiny blue lines show all other waterways.
Micro-endemic species of snails and amphipods show population genetic structure across very small geographic ranges
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Data from: Fine-scale spatial genetic structure across the species range reflects recent colonization of high elevation habitats in silver fir (Abies alba Mill.)
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Data from: Inferring the origin of populations introduced from a genetically structured native range by approximate Bayesian computation: case study of the invasive ladybird Harmonia axyridis
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Data from: Direct and indirect effects of native range expansion on soil microbial community structure and function
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Data from: Fine-scale genetic structure and conservation status of American badgers at their northwestern range periphery
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Data from: An active-radio-frequency-identification system capable of identifying co-locations and social-structure: validation with a wild free-ranging animal
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Data from: Range-wide population structure of European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.