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4,017 results for “Reduction”
Linked collectors and determiners for: Morphological convergences in Ameles Burmeister and Pseudoyersinia Kirby: Taxonomic implications of wing reduction and flight predisposition in some West-Mediterranean Amelini (Insecta: Mantodea).
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Morphological convergences in Ameles Burmeister and Pseudoyersinia Kirby: Taxonomic implications of wing reduction and flight predisposition in some West-Mediterranean Amelini (Insecta: Mantodea)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/611050b9-15f9-4400-8074-778f071d446d">https://bionomia.net/dataset/611050b9-15f9-4400-8074-778f071d446d</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/611050b9-15f9-4400-8074-778f071d446d">https://gbif.org/dataset/611050b9-15f9-4400-8074-778f071d446d</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Taxonomic studies on the genus Delphinium (Ranunculaceae) from China (XXIII): Reduction of D. conaense to the synonymy of D. bhutanicum, a species newly reported for China.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Taxonomic studies on the genus Delphinium (Ranunculaceae) from China (XXIII): Reduction of D. conaense to the synonymy of D. bhutanicum, a species newly reported for China". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/db213b0d-5116-42b4-957f-a542b5e57752">https://bionomia.net/dataset/db213b0d-5116-42b4-957f-a542b5e57752</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/db213b0d-5116-42b4-957f-a542b5e57752">https://gbif.org/dataset/db213b0d-5116-42b4-957f-a542b5e57752</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Electrochemical activity of several compositions in the system Ag-Pd-Pt-Ru for the oxygen reduction reaction in 0.05 M KOH solution pH 12.5
<p>The dataset comprises electrochemical screening data of several compositions from three different thin film materials libraries in the system Ag-Pd-Pt-Ru. Given are three csv files that contain the measurement coordinates, the chemical composition in atomic percent and the electrochemical current that was evaluated from linear sweep voltammograms at a potential of 0.85V vs. RHE. </p> <p><strong>Experimental description</strong></p> <p>Materials libraries were fabricated by co-sputtering thin films on 100 mm diameter sapphire wafers (c-plane) from 4 elemental tar-gets. The targets were confocally aligned to a 100 mm substrate (target-substrate distance approx. 12 cm). Target materials had a purity of 99.99,%. Ar (99.9999 %) was used as a sputter gas. The deposition pressure was 0.667 Pa. The film thickness was 100 - 150 nm. The chemical composition of the materials libraries was measured by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) with an acceleration voltage of 20 kV. 81 measurements were done on a regular grid of 9x9 (8.5 mm spacing) on each library. Linear regression was used to interpolate the composition over the 342 measurement areas of a 4.5 mm grid that was used in the scanning droplet cell experiments. Electrochemical measurements were conducted with the use of a high-throughput scanning droplet cell (SDC). The SDC head incorporates counter (Pt wire) and reference (Ag|AgCl|3 M KCl) electrodes and a teflon tip with 1 mm diameter. The materials library is connected as working electrode, e.g. the surface of the investigated sample in every spot where the tip touches the sample. The electrolyte was replaced for every measurement area. Linear sweep voltammograms were measured in 0.05 M KOH, pH 12.5, with a scan rate of 10 mV/s. All potentials are reported versus the RHE according to the following equation: URHE (V) = U(Ag|AgCl|3 M KCl) + 0.210 + (0.059 * pH), where U(Ag|AgCl|3 M KCl) is the potential measured versus Ag|AgCl|3 M KCl reference electrode, 0.210 V is the standard potential of the Ag|AgCl|3 M KCl reference electrode at 25◦C. Note that 0.059 is the result of (RT )· (nF)−1, where R is the gas constant, T is the temperature (298 K), F is the Faraday constant, and n is the number of electrons transferred during the reaction.</p> <p> </p>
Dataset for the publication: Metallic Impurities in Electrolysis: Catalytic Effect of Pb Traces in Reductive Amination and Acetone Reduction
<p>This dataset contains the experimental data of the publication "Metallic Impurities in Electrolysis: Catalytic Effect of Pb Traces in Reductive Amination and Acetone Reduction" that is published in Angewandte Chemie International Edition. </p>
Genome streamlining: effect of mutation rate and population size on genome size reduction: simulated data
<p>Lineages data of populations simulated with Aevol (<a href="https://gitlab.inria.fr/aevol/aevol">https://gitlab.inria.fr/aevol/aevol</a>), and the Wild-Types sequences used for that.</p> <p>Conditions: change of mutation rate, population size, or both.<br>Mutational bias: none, insertion bias or deletion bias</p>
Dinitrogen Reduction and Functionalization by a Siloxide Supported Thulium-Potassium Complex for the Formation of Ammonia or Hydrazine Derivatives
<p>The dinitrogen (N2) chemistry of lanthanides remainsless developed compared to the d-block metals and lanthanide-promoted N2 functionalization chemistry in well-defined lanthanidecomplexes remains elusive. Here we report the synthesis andcharacterization (SQUID, EPR, DFT, X-Ray) of the siloxidesupported heterobimetallic (Tm/K) complexes[{KTm(OSi(OtBu)3)3}2(μ-η2:η2-N2)] (1) and [K3{Tm(OSi(OtBu)3)3}2(μ-η2:η2-N2)] (2). Complex 2 provides a rare example of a metalcomplex of the triply reduced N23- radical. The structure of 2 differsfrom the few previously reported N23- complexes as it presents twoTm and three K cations binding the N23- radical, facilitating N2functionalization. Notably, the K3Tm2-bound N23- moiety reacts withexcess H+ to form NH4Cl in 18% yield, and with MeOTf at roomtemperature to yield the dimethyl hydrazido complex[K2{Tm(OSi(OtBu)3)3}2(μ-(CH3)NN(CH3))] (3). Protonolysis of 3yields MeHN-NMeH·2HCl in 18 % yield.</p>
Raw and analyzed data for manuscript "Reduction of copper surface oxide using a sub-atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge plasma"
<p><strong>Abstract:</strong> Oxide layers on metal surfaces adversely affect processability and material properties in many industrial applications. Although several plasma-based approaches for deoxidation were investigated in the past, oftentimes they either work under conditions expensive to create or require long processing times. In this study, the deoxidation effect of a non-thermal dielectric barrier discharge plasma in an Ar/H<sub>2</sub> gas mixture at 100 hPa and 20 °C was investigated on copper surfaces with a native oxide layer. The chemical structure of surfaces before and after deoxidation was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results revealed that ~98 % of the surface lattice oxide Cu<sub>2</sub>O was reduced to Cu after around 20 s of plasma treatment, whereas all oxygen contaminants were almost completely removed from Cu surface after around 50 s. Additionally, the kinetics of the reduction of surface oxide was studied and a Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Erofeev-Kholmogorov kinetic model was proposed. The analysis of the morphology of surfaces was performed with atomic force microscopy (AFM), showing minor changes in the roughness after deoxidation. Moreover, optical emission spectroscopy (OES) showed atomic hydrogen radicals in the plasma phase, which likely causes deoxidation effect.</p>
Figures 1–3 in A new cave-dwelling millipede of the genus Bollmania Silvestri, 1896 from Yunnan, China, with remarks on the reduction of the second female leg-pair (Diplopoda: Callipodida: Caspiopetalidae)
Figures 1–3. Bollmania beroni sp. n., male paratype. (1) Habitus, total length 35 mm. (2, 3) Close-ups of anterior end in lateral and ventral views, showing swollen gonopodal region and long protruding gonopods in situ.
Figures 13–18 in A new cave-dwelling millipede of the genus Bollmania Silvestri, 1896 from Yunnan, China, with remarks on the reduction of the second female leg-pair (Diplopoda: Callipodida: Caspiopetalidae)
Figures 13–18. (13) Bollmania sp. 2 from Afghanistan: leg-pair 2, posterior view. (14) B. nodifrons, female: leg-pair 2, posterior view. (15) B. oblonga, female: leg-pair 2, posterior view. (16)Callipus foetidissimus, female: leg-pair 2, posterior view. (17) Apfelbeckia lendenfeldii, female: leg-pair 2, posterior view. (18) Callipodella fasciata, female: legpair 3, posterior view.
Figures 4–7 in A new cave-dwelling millipede of the genus Bollmania Silvestri, 1896 from Yunnan, China, with remarks on the reduction of the second female leg-pair (Diplopoda: Callipodida: Caspiopetalidae)
Figures 4–7. Bollmania beroni sp. n., male. (4) Head, anterior pleurotergites and gonopod, lateral view. (5) Head, frontal view. (6) Telson, postero-lateral view. (7) Leg-pair 7, posterior view.
Figures 8–12 in A new cave-dwelling millipede of the genus Bollmania Silvestri, 1896 from Yunnan, China, with remarks on the reduction of the second female leg-pair (Diplopoda: Callipodida: Caspiopetalidae)
Figures 8–12. (8–11) Bollmania beroni sp. n. (8) Gonopods, position in situ, caudal view. (9) Gonopod, mesal view. (10) gonopod, lateral view. (11) female: leg-pair 2, posterior view. (12) Bollmania sp. 1 from Afghanistan: leg-pair 2, posterior view.
Dimensionality reduction of local structure in glassy binary mixtures
<p>This dataset is associated with "<em>Dimensionality reduction of local structure in glassy binary mixtures</em>", by D. Coslovich, R. L. Jack, J. Paret. It includes data and workflow to allow for the replication of the analysis and figures of the manuscript.</p> <p>To reproduce the workflow and the figures, download and extract the package sprouts.tar.gz, then execute</p> <pre><code class="language-bash">./make all</code></pre> <p>This will create the figures under plots/paper and recompile project.pdf. If the workflow fails because of missing dependencies, read the project.pdf file below and check the requirements, or download the <a href="http://www.docker.com">docker</a> image sprouts-docker.tar.gz, load the image and execute the same command within the container.</p> <p><em>Make sure you have at least 20 Gb of free space on your disk if you use the package, and 22 Gb if you use the docker image.</em></p> <p>To speed up the execution of the workflow, download the data cache (cache.tar) and extract it at the root of the project folder.</p> <p>See project.pdf below for full details about the workflow.</p> <p><strong>Changelog</strong>:</p> <ul> <li>1.0.2: use more portable she-bang in scripts</li> <li>1.0.1: fix typos, remove some dead code</li> <li>1.0.0: initial submission</li> </ul>
Experimental reduction of haemosporidian infection affects maternal reproductive investment, parental behaviour, and offspring condition
<p>When hosts have a long coevolutionary history with their parasites, fitness costs of chronic infection have often been assumed to be negligible. Yet, experimental manipulation of infections sometimes reveals effects of parasites on their hosts, particularly during reproduction. Whether these effects translate into fitness costs remains unclear. Here, we present the results of an experimental study conducted in a free-ranging population of red-winged blackbirds (<em>Agelaius</em> <em>phoeniceus</em>) naturally experiencing a high prevalence of haemosporidian infections, with > 95% of breeding adults infected with parasites from one or more haemosporidian genus. To assess effects of infection during reproduction, we manipulated adult red-winged blackbird females' parasite burden by administering an anti-haemosporidian medication before onset of egg-laying. Experimental reduction of infection resulted in significant benefits to mothers and their offspring. Medicated females laid heavier clutches, invested more in incubation and provisioning behaviour, and produced more fledglings than control females. Nestlings of medicated females had higher haematocrit, higher blood glucose, and lower reactive oxygen metabolites than nestlings of control females. Overall, our results provide evidence that, even in a species with a long history of high prevalence of infection, parasites can lead to decreased maternal investment and offspring quality, substantially reducing fitness.</p>
Insecticide resistance triggers a reduction of virulence to host-plant defenses in the brown planthopper
<p>This dataset contains R scripts to analyze the virulence of resistance rice cultivars and to draw figures. Data contains the LD<sub>50</sub> values of imidacloprid, virulence test and figure data. This study was supported by grants-in-aid from Japan's National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) project 315 and the NARO Innovation Project 2017 for the NARO.</p>
Synset-based dataset built by using semantic-based feature reduction techniques.
<p>Dataset was built by applying an enhanced semantic-based feature selection method over to publicly available datasets: SpamAssassin (SA.zip) and Youtube Comments (YT.zip).</p>
Replication Data for "Exploring Developer Views on Software Carbon Footprint and its Potential for Automated Reduction"
<p># Replication Data for "Exploring Developer Views on Software Carbon Footprint and its Potential for Automated Reduction"</p> <p>## Overview</p> <p>Reducing software carbon footprint could contribute to efforts to avert climate change. Past research indicates that developers lack knowledge on energy consumption and carbon footprint, and existing reduction guidelines are difficult to apply. Therefore, we propose that automated reduction methods should be explored. However, such tools must be voluntarily adopted and regularly used to have an impact.</p> <p>In this study, we have conducted interviews and a survey (a) to explore developers' existing opinions, knowledge, and practices with regard to carbon footprint and energy consumption, and (b), to identify the requirements that automated reduction tools must meet to ensure adoption. Our findings offer a foundation for future research on practices, guidelines, and automated tools that address software carbon footprint.</p> <p>## Data Contained in This Package</p> <p>- interview_survey_guide.pdf</p> <p>This file contains the interview and survey questions.</p> <p>- interview_responses.docx</p> <p>This file contains relevant material from the interviews.</p> <p>- survey_responses.xlsx</p> <p>This file contains all survey responses.</p> <p>Both interview and survey data has been anonymized to protect the privacy of the participants.</p>
Supplementary materials of the manuscript "Establishing a new workflow in the study of core reduction intensity and distribution".
<p>This repository hosts the R code scripts and datasets that allow reproducibility and replicability of the statistical analyses implemented in the paper: Lombao et al. (2022). Establishing a new workflow in the study of core reduction distribution. Journal of Lithic Studies.</p> <p> </p> <p>The analytical and statistical protocols applied for this study were implemented in in R (version 3.6.3) (R Core Team, 2021).</p> <p>Contents:<br> 1. Script.txt: The R- Script with all the packages and functions used and all the steps followed in the statistical analyses.<br> 2. vrm_experiment_database.xlsx: the database with the data used in this manuscript. The data comes from an experiment presented in Lombao et al., 2020. A new approach to measure reduction intensity on cores and tools on cobbles: the Volumetric Reconstruction Method. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 12(9)<br> DOI: 10.1007/s12520-020-01154-7<br> 3. Supplementary_table_S1.docx<br> 4. Supplementary_table_S2.docx<br> 5. Supplementary_table_s3.xlsx This database is used in the R-script. </p>
Tables and Data for "Synthesis of Satellite and Surface Measurements, Model Results, and FRAPPÉ Study Findings to Assess the Impacts of Oil and Gas Emissions Reductions on Maximum Ozone in the Denver Metro and Northern Front Range Region in Colorado"
<p>These are data sets and tables used in the paper "Synthesis of Satellite and Surface Measurements, Model Results, and FRAPPÉ Study Findings to Assess the Impacts of Oil and Gas Emissions Reductions on Maximum Ozone in the Denver Metro and Northern Front Range Region in Colorado" to be submitted to Earth and Space Science. The monitor site 2016 and 2017 counts files have gridded HYSPLIT back trajectory counts for the 4 highest ozone concentration days at each site, as described in the manuscript.</p>
Raw and analyzed data for manuscript "Atmospheric non-thermal plasma reduction of natively oxidized iron surfaces"
<p> Raw and analyzed data for manuscript "Atmospheric non-thermal plasma reduction of natively oxidized iron surfaces"</p>
Data and code_Ombadi et al., Nature (2023)_A warming induced reduction in snow fraction amplifies rainfall extremes
<p>This repository contains intermediary and final outputs of the analysis presented in the article: "Ombadi et al., Nature (2023), A warming-induced reduction in snow-fraction amplifies rainfall extremes.". Additionally, the repository also contains codes for analysis and visualization of results presented in this article. The codes are primarily written in Python and provided as Jupyter Notebooks (.py files) with the exception of one code written in R language. </p>
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