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30,334 results for “Response”
Blind Prediction Competition - Sera.ta - Seismic Response of Masonry Cross Vaults: Shaking table tests and numerical validations
<p>Masonry vaults play a much relevant role in the seismic response of heritage masonry buildings, ranging from housing to the greatest cathedrals. Acting as both a ceiling and a structural horizontal diaphragm with significant mass, their mechanical behaviour affects the overall seismic response of buildings, in terms of strength, stiffness, and ductility. Moreover, local damage and collapse of vaults may produce significant losses in terms of cultural assets and casualties. In spite of the importance of this topic, the evaluation of the complex three-dimensional behaviour of vaults is still an important challenge for researchers. The main objectives of the present research project are:<br> 1) to better understand the seismic behaviour of masonry cross vaults by means of shaking table tests on both full-scale and small-scale models;<br> 2) to assess the capability of different modelling/analysis approaches to predict the seismic response of these masonry structures.</p> <p>In particular, three sets of shaking table tests are planned:<br> a. Tests on a 1:1 scale model of a brick unreinforced masonry cross vault: to investigate the behaviour of brick masonry cross vaults under different seismic inputs, in terms of damage, displacement capacity and peak acceleration.<br> b. Tests on a 1:1 scale model of a brick reinforced masonry cross vault: to evaluate the effectiveness of reinforcing techniques to repair the vaults tested in a).</p> <p>In addition to the experimental tests, a blind prediction competition is performed to assess the efficacy of different modelling strategies and analysis techniques. The final aims are to improve the safety assessment procedures proposed for historic masonry buildings in Eurocode 8.3 and to provide better seismic assessment techniques and strengthening measures.</p>
Rare type III responses: data & data methods (v1.0.0)
<p>This repository includes the data (data-rare-type3-responses.csv) for Kalinkat et al. (2023).</p> <p>The data comprises a literature review on type III functional responses between 2002 and 2022 with 12 variables and 107 observations. Please read the accompanying document (Rall_et_al_2023_Zenodo_Rare-type3-responses_data_methods_v1_0_0.pdf) for the methods and a description of the variables. </p> <p><strong>Reference</strong></p> <p>Kalinkat, G. <em>et al.</em> (2023) ‘Empirical evidence of type III functional responses and why it remains rare’, <em>Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution</em>, 11:1033818. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2023.1033818.</p>
Supplemental data files: Beyond the reference: gene expression variation and transcriptional response to RNAi in C. elegans
<p>This dataset holds all non-GEO-hosted supplemental data files for manuscript "Beyond the reference: gene expression variation and transcriptional response to RNAi in <em>C. elegans</em>". Please see the linked preprint/publication for full details.</p> <p>The PDF _guide_to_datafiles.pdf gives details on the format and content of each of the included files.</p>
Neutrophil and emergency granulopoietic drivers of sepsis immune suppression and an extreme response to infection
<p>The dysregulated host response to infection leading to organ dysfunction is highly heterogeneous. It is currently poorly delineated by sepsis as a clinical syndromic classification, thus confounding immunotherapy trials. Here we establish the pathophysiology and potential therapeutic targets of a specific extreme response to infection state (sepsis response signature SRS1), characterised by immune compromise and poor outcome. We first derive a whole blood single-cell multi-omic atlas of the sepsis response (2727,993 cells, n=39), finding an increase in IL1R2+ immature neutrophils in SRS1, which we confirmed by CyTOF and RNA-sequencing (n=53). We next uncovered high activity of neutrophil STAT3 gene expression programs in SRS1, which were shared across multiple infectioius disease settings (n=1044) irrespective of the clinical definition of the patient cohorts. We observed elevated plasma G-CSF and IL-6 in SRS1, suggesting heightened emergency granulopoiesis (EG). We therefore characterised patient and healthy control hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) using single-cell RNA/chromatin accessibility multi-omics (29,366 cells, n=27), identifying SRS1-specific EG transcriptional skewing, together with STAT3 and EG master regulator CEBPB epigenetic signatures. Our findings establish a common cellular axis present across extreme responses to infection, reveal its hematopoietic origin, and nominate G-CSF and IL-6 as potential therapeutic targets for the SRS1 state.</p> <p> </p> <p>The present data deposit includes processed and quality-controlled data tables for:</p> <p>1. Whole blood leukocytes profiled with the BD Rhapsody platform in a cohort of 39 sepsis patients (RNA and protein count matrices, as well as their accompanying metadata table)</p> <p>2. Circulating HSCs in blood profiled with the 10X multiomics platform in a cohort of 27 sepsis patients (RNA and ATAC-seq count matrices, as well as their accompanying metadata tables)</p>
CESM2 Idealized Experiment Output: Summer atmospheric response to zero May North American snow cover
<p>The National Center for Atmospheric Research’s Community Earth System Model version 2.2 (CESM2) (Danabasoglu et al., 2020) was run in the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) configuration. SSTs and sea-ice were prescribed as monthly varying seasonal cycles based on the observed climatology from 2005 to 2015 (i.e., component set: F2010climo) (Hurrell et al., 2008). We employed the Community Atmosphere Model version 6 (CAM6) (Bogenschutz et al., 2018)<span> </span>as the atmospheric component and the Community Land Model version 5 (CLM5) (Lawrence et al., 2019) as the land-surface component. Each model was run with a horizontal resolution of 0.9˚ latitude by 1.25˚ longitude.</p> <p>We ran a control simulation in this configuration for ten consecutive years. We then modified the land-surface restart files for May 1st of each year by reducing the snow cover over North America to zero. Using these modified files, we then completed a reduced snow simulation by rerunning three-month simulations from May through July for each of the ten years. </p>
Enantiopure J-Aggregate of Quaterrylene Bisimides for Strong Chiroptical NIR-Response
<p>Data to report https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.3c03367:<br> Chiral polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can be tailored for next-generation photonic materials by carefully designing their molecular as well as supramolecular architectures. Hence, excitonic coupling can boost the chiroptical response in extended aggregates but is still challenging to achieve by pure self-assembly. Whereas most reports on these potential materials cover the UV and visible spectral range, systems in the near infrared are underdeveloped. We report a new quaterrylene bisimide derivative with a conformationally stable twisted π-backbone enabled by the sterical congestion of a fourfold <em>bay</em>-arylation. Rendering the π-subplanes accessible by small imide substituents allows for a slip-stacked chiral arrangement by kinetic self-assembly in low polarity solvents. The well dispersed solid-state aggregate reveals a sharp optical signature of strong J-type excitonic coupling in both, absorption (897 nm) as well as emission (912 nm) far in the NIR region and reaches absorption dissymmetry factors up to<sup> </sup>1.1×10<sup>−2</sup>. The structural elucidation was achieved by AFM and single-crystal X-ray analysis which we combined to derive a structural model of a fourfold stranded enantiopure superhelix. We could deduce the role of phenyl substituents not only granting stable axial chirality but also guiding the chromophore into a chiral supramolecular arrangement needed for strong excitonic chirality.</p>
Evaluation of a wind tunnel designed to investigate the response of evaporation to changes in the incoming longwave radiation at a water surface
<p>Experimental Record of a Longwave-Evaporation experiment. The record to be referenced in a forthcoming scientific paper.</p>
Preference ratings and 32 magnitude frequency response curves
<p>This repository comprises two CSV files: PreferenceRatings and MagnitudeFrequencyResponses. The former includes preference ratings obtained from 56 naive assessors (30 Danish---DK, 26 Japanese---JP) of 32 headphone curves over several music programs in several trials. The latter includes the magnitude frequency response curves evaluated by the assessors, expressed as gains of a 30-band graphic equalizer whose bands are centered between 31 Hz and 25 kHz. The curves were either derived from eight popular closed circumaural headphones, measured with a Brüel & Kjær Head and Torso Simulator 5128C, or otherwise obtained from the literature. The details of the methods, results, etc. are published in [1].</p> <p>[1] G. Ravizza, J. Villegas, T. Stegenborg-Andersen, and C. P. Volk, “An over-ear headphone target curve for Brüel & Kjær head and torso simulator type 5128 measurements,” in Proc. 155 Audio Eng. Soc. Conv., Oct 2023.</p> <p> </p>
Low Reynolds number response of a symmetric airfoil to viscous vortical gusts
<p>The response of a NACA0012 airfoil impacted by viscous vortical gusts at low Reynolds numbers is investigated performing Direct Numerical Simulations of the two-dimensional incompressible flow. This database contains the time history of the aerodynamic force coefficients of the airfoil during the interaction with the vortical gust. The airfoil, set at a fixed angle of attack alpha, is impacted by Taylor/Lamb-Oseen vortical gust, which are characterized by a diameter <em>D</em>, a intensity <em>v<sub>0m</sub></em>, and a vertical separation <em>h</em>. Direct Numerical Simulations are run for a range of values for the angle of attack, the size and intensity of the vortical gust, and the vertical separations. All simulations are run at a fixed Reynolds number Re=1000, based on the airfoil chord <em>c</em> and the free-stream velocity <em>U<sub>∞</sub></em>.</p> <p>More details on the database and the corresponding simulations can be found in Martínez-Muriel & Flores (2020), Analysis of vortical gust impact on airfoils at low Reynolds number, J. Fluids and Struct, 99. </p> <p><strong>Contents</strong><br> The database consist on a single ASCII file for each case. After a short, self-explanatory header, each file has 7 columns with the following data: </p> <ul> <li>time, <em>t U<sub>∞</sub>/c</em></li> <li>cl: lift coefficient, <em>c<sub>l</sub></em></li> <li>cd: drag coefficient, <em>c<sub>d</sub></em></li> <li>cm: coefficient of moments with respect to c/4, <em>c<sub>m</sub></em></li> <li>dcl: perturbation of <em>c<sub>l</sub></em> with respect to steady state value, ∆<em>c<sub>l</sub></em> </li> <li>dcd: perturbation of <em>c<sub>d</sub></em> with respect to steady state value, ∆<em>c<sub>d</sub></em> </li> <li>dcm: perturbation of <em>c<sub>m</sub></em> with respect to steady state value, ∆<em>c<sub>m</sub></em> </li> </ul> <p>Reference time (t=0) is taken as the time at which the center of the vortical gust reaches the position of the leading edge of the airfoil (if advected at a velocity <em>U<sub>∞</sub></em>). <br> <br> <strong>Nomenclature </strong><br> The names of the files will follow the acronym t_AaYyDdVv.txt, where the lowecase letters are placeholders for: </p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td> t </td> <td> Type of vortical gust</td> <td> T: Taylor, LO: Lamb-Oseen</td> </tr> <tr> <td> a </td> <td> Angle of attack </td> <td><em> α</em> = [+8,0,-8] deg</td> </tr> <tr> <td> y </td> <td> Initial vertical position of the centre of the vortex</td> <td><em> h/c </em>= [0,0.5,1]</td> </tr> <tr> <td> d </td> <td> Diameter of the core of the vortex </td> <td><em> D/c </em>= [0.5,1,2]</td> </tr> <tr> <td> v </td> <td> Circumferential velocity </td> <td><em> v<sub>0m</sub></em>/<em>U<sub>∞</sub></em> = [0.1,0.3,1]</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
CurveCurator: A recalibrated F-statistic to assess, classify, and explore significance of dose-response curves - Example Datasets
<p>CurveCurator is an open-source analysis platform for any dose-dependent data. It fits a classical 4-parameter equation to estimate effect potency, effect size, and the statistical significance of the observed response. 2D-thresholding efficiently reduces false positives in high-throughput experiments and separates relevant from irrelevant or insignificant hits in an automated and unbiased manner. An interactive dashboard allows users to quickly explore data locally.</p> <p><br> Here, we store example dose-dependent data, parameter files, and the corresponding CurveCurator pipeline outputs (v.0.2.0). Example data sets include Kinobeads Drug-binding data (1), CTRP Viability data sets (2), and deryptM Proteomics data sets (3). The F-value matrices for developing the CurveCurator tools are deposited as well.</p> <p>Original data sources:</p> <p>(1)<a href="https://doi.org:10.1126/science.aan4368"> https://doi.org:10.1126/science.aan4368</a></p> <p>(2) <a href="https://doi.org:10.1158/2159-8290.CD-15-0235">https://doi.org:10.1158/2159-8290.CD-15-0235</a></p> <p>(3) <a href="https://doi.org:10.1126/science.ade3925">https://doi.org:10.1126/science.ade3925</a></p> <p> </p>
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal response to fire and urbanization in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park
Wildfires are increasing in frequency and intensity as drier and warmer climates increase plant detrital fuel loads. At the same time, increases in urbanization position 9% of fire-prone land within the US at the wildland-urban interface. While rarely studied, the compounded effects of urbanization and wildfires may have unknown synergistically negative effects on ecosystems. Previous studies at the wildland-urban interface often focus on aboveground plant communities, but belowground ecosystems may also be affected by this double disturbance. In particular, it is unclear how much fire and urbanization independently or interactively affect nutritional symbioses such as those between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and the majority of terrestrial plants. In November 2016, extreme drought conditions and long-term fire suppression combined to create a wildfire within the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP) and the neighboring exurban city of Gatlinburg, TN. To understand how the double disturbance of urbanization and fire affected AM fungal communities, we collected fine roots from the five dominant understory species in September 2018 at each of 18 sites spanning three burn severities in both exurban and natural sites. Despite large variation in burn severity, plant species identity had the largest influence on AM fungi. AM fungal colonization, richness, and composition all varied most among plant species. Fire and urbanization did influence some AM fungal metrics; colonization was lower in burned sites and composition was more variable among exurban locations. There were no interactions among burn severity and urbanization on AM fungi. Our results point to the large influence of plant species identity structuring this obligate nutritional symbiosis regardless of disturbance regime. Therefore, the majority of AM fungal taxa may be buffered from fire-induced ecosystem changes if plant community composition largely remains intact, plant species life history tr
Native tree growth and reproduction in response to reduction in the coconut palm (Cocos nucifera) canopy at Palmyra Atoll
These data describe competition for light (open solar path) between introduced coconut palm trees (Cocos nucifera) and native tree species between 2004 and 2008 at Palmyra Atoll, Northern Line Islands, Pacific Ocean. Data are contained in one table, including values from the start, end, and intermediate samples. The dataset measures the change in tree growth (DBH and height) and reproductive potential (flower and fruit production) in relation to time and open solar path value. Two treatments are considered: OSP values less than 50% created by C. nucifera removal, and OSP values greater than 50%.
Evenness response to aridity gradients: Data required for Smith et al. 2022 Oecologia
These are the required data to do all analyses in Smith et al. 2022 in Oecologia using the assembled database across gradients. Included are the richness, evenness, and site level abiotic data. Paper abstract: We sought to understand the role that water availability (expressed as an aridity index) plays in determining regional and global patterns of richness and evenness, and in turn how these water availability-diversity relationships may result in different richness-evenness relationships at regional and global scales. We examined relationships between water availability, richness and evenness for eight grassy biomes spanning broad water availability gradients on five continents. Our study found that relationships between richness and water availability switched from positive for drier (South Africa, Tibet and USA) vs. negative for wetter (India) biomes, though were not significant for the remaining biomes. In contrast, only the India biome showed a significant relationship between water availability and evenness, which was negative. Globally, the richness-water availability relationship was hump-shaped, however, not significant for evenness. At the regional scale, a positive richness-evenness relationship was found for grassy biomes in India and Inner Mongolia, China. In contrast, this relationship was weakly concave-up globally. These results suggest that different, independent factors are determining patterns of species richness and evenness in grassy biomes, resulting in differing richness-evenness relationships at regional and global scales. As a consequence, richness and evenness may respond very differently across spatial gradients to anthropogenic changes, such as climate change.
Hydrodynamic modeling data for Synthesis of Juvenile Steelhead Responses to Hydrodynamic Conditions in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta
This data release includes the output variables extracted from the UnTRIM Bay-Delta hydrodynamic model (hydrodynamic model) for use in evaluating the effects of hydrodynamics on the behavior of acoustically-tagged juvenile steelhead in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Work was funded by Proposition 1 and completed by Anchor QEA, LLC, and U.S. Geological Survey for the State Water Contractors under a Proposition 1 Grant (Evaluating Juvenile Salmonid Behavioral Responses to Hydrodynamic Conditions in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta), contracted by Delta Stewardship Council. Not all the hydrodynamic model output variables in the output provided with this memorandum were used in the final fish models used to analyze steelhead responses. Model output for additional variables and locations were included for completeness and to make these output files more broadly useful to researchers interested in other locations or variables in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Hydrodynamic model simulations were conducted for 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2016, with hydrodynamic model output variables provided at the same locations for each period simulated. The model simulation for each year spanned the full period of steelhead detections in the telemetry data collected during that year.
Biodiversity expert responses to survey questions
Despite substantial progress in understanding global biodiversity loss, major taxonomic and geographic knowledge gaps remain. Decisionmakers often rely on expert judgement to fill knowledge gaps, but are rarely able to engage with sufficiently large and diverse groups of experts. To improve understanding of the perspectives of thousands of biodiversity experts worldwide, we conducted a survey and asked experts to focus on the taxa and freshwater, terrestrial, or marine ecosystem they know best. We identified biodiversity experts as corresponding authors of papers published on the topic of biodiversity in scientific journals indexed in the Web of Science over the decade from January 2010 to December 2019. Focusing on the taxa and ecosystems they know best, these experts estimated past and future global biodiversity loss, which was defined in the survey as the percentage of species that are globally threatened or extinct. Experts also ranked the direct and indirect drivers of global biodiversity loss and estimated its impacts on ecosystem functioning and nature's contributions to people. We received 3,331 responses from biodiversity experts who live in 113 countries and who research biodiversity in nearly all (187) countries, including all major habitats in freshwater, terrestrial, and marine ecosystems. The data provided here are the 3,331 responses (rows) to survey questions (columns).
Physiological and biochemical data for an experiment examining transgenerational effects in response to MHWs in S. purpuratus from the Santa Barbara Channel
Kelp forests of the Santa Barbara Channel have experienced prolonged marine heatwave (MHW) events that overlap in time with the phenology of life history events (e.g., gametogenesis and spawning) of marine invertebrates. To study the effect of thermal stress from MHWs during gametogenesis in the purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus), adult urchins were acclimated to two conditions in the laboratory – a MHW (18°C) and a non-MHW (13°C) temperature at a time when gametogenesis would occur in situ. Following a four-month long acclimation period (October– January), adults were spawned and offspring from each parental condition were reared at MHW and non-MHW temperatures, creating a total of four offspring treatments. To assess for transgenerational effects in gamete traits, we measured egg size and biochemical composition. In addition, evidence of transgenerational effects was assessed by measuring embryo size and thermal tolerance of the progeny. Results indicated that MHW temperatures did affect life history traits. MHW-acclimated females had eggs with higher protein concentrations. Additionally, maternal thermal history influenced embryo body size at multiple stages of development while offspring developmental temperatures influenced body size only at the prism stage. Lastly, embryos from MHW-acclimated females were more thermally tolerant with higher LT50 values as compared to progeny from non-MHW-acclimated females. Overall, results showed that the thermal history of female S. purpuratus and developmental temperature influenced offspring traits and performance indicating that prolonged thermal stress, when it occurs during critical life history events, could influence reproductive success in situ. Moreover, our results suggest that transgenerational acclimation may aid in the capacity to resist the thermal stress associated with MHWs during early development in S. purpuratus.
Benthic community response to different disturbance type events across six islands between two timepoints in the Central Pacific
A coral reef's response to disturbance can be driven by various factors including community composition. This dataset highlights benthic cover and its changes between two timepoints at six islands across the central Pacific. The survey islands include Ant Atoll, Pakin Atoll, and Pohnpei located within the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) as well as Upon and Savai'i in Samoa and Rarotonga in the Cook Islands. Survey years differed between sites but all sites had an estimated two-year time-difference between resampling. To extract benthic cover, photos were annotated using randomized points and labeled to their highest taxonomic resolution, down to genus-level for hard corals. Both abiotic and biotic substrate were identified and major functional groups included: hard corals, soft corals, invertebrates, turf algae, Halimeda spp., crustose coralline algae, and other (sand/debris/etc.). Disturbance type and community composition at the initial survey period drove changes in percent cover for major functional groups. Data was collected by annotating photos from transect surveys on a coral reef. This effort was completed by the 2020 SIO 'Pop-up' SURF REU that was formed in rapid response due to COVID-19 research limitations.
Carbon dioxide response curve, dark respiration, specific leaf area, and leaf nitrogen data for the 2014 Eriophorum vaginatum reciprocal transplant gardens at Toolik Lake and Sagwon, AK, collected in 2016.
Transplant gardens at Toolik Lake and Sagwon were established in 2014. At each location, 60 tussocks each from ecotypes of Eriophorum vaginatum from Coldfoot (CF, 67°15′32″N, 150°10′12″W), Toolik Lake (TL, 68°37′44″N, 149°35′0″W), and Sagwon (SAG, 69°25′26″N, 148°42′49″W) were transplanted. Half the transplanted tussocks were grown under ambient conditions, while the other half were exposed to passive warming supplied by open-top chambers (OTC). Data were collected in late June through July 2016 include carbon dioxide response curve data, dark respiration, specific leaf area, and leaf nitrogen content.
Long-term species richness and evenness trends in response to N addition and elevated CO2 in BioCON
The data and code in this package are associated with the analysis for a manuscript titled "Elevated CO2 first dampens but then amplifies diversity loss due to N enrichment over 24 years". The files include 24 years of data on species cover, total aboveground biomass, species richness, evenness and environmental variables from the BioCON experiment. The complete BioCON (Biodiversity, CO2, and N) experiment includes 371 2 x 2 m plots in six circular 20-meter diameter rings, located at the Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve in Minnesota, USA. Plots were established on secondary successional grassland on a sandy outwash soil after removing the prior vegetation. The BioCON project includes several overlapping and nested experiments.
Pot experiment on fresh and brackish marsh plants responses to salinity pulses in summer 2013
We collected 35 individuals of three freshwater species (Zizaniopsis miliacea, Pontederia cordata, Polygonum hydropiperoides) and brackish species (Juncus roemerianus, Schoenoplectus americanus, and Spartina cynosuroides) from the tidal marshes of the Altamaha River estuary, Georgia, USA (31.4° N, 81.4° W). Plants were collected on March 9 - March 11, 2013, and were potted individually in 12 L pots in sediments collected from the same location as plants. Individual potted plants were placed inside dish pans with drain holes at mid-pot height. For salinity treatments, plants were watered once a day with saline water (5 psu: practical salinity units, created using Instant Ocean Sea Salt, Aquarium System Inc., Mentor, OH, USA) for 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, or 31 days per month, and then returned to freshwater. For the control treatment, plants were watered with freshwater daily. Treatments were ran from May 26 to August 28, 2013, and stem height of each plant was measured once a month. The experiment was harvested on August 28, 2013. Individual plants were separated into aboveground and belowground biomass, washed to remove soil, and dried at 60 °C to constant mass.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.