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3,156 results for “South American”
Supplementary material Comparative Genomic Analysis of Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli from South American Camelids in Central Germany
<p>Supplementary material for publication González-Santamarina, B.; Weber, M.; Menge, C.; Berens, C. Comparative Genomic Analysis of Antimicrobial-Resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> from South American Camelids in Central Germany. <i>Microorganisms</i> <strong>2022</strong>, <i>10</i>, 1697. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10091697 </p>
Tracing evolutionary trajectories in the presence of gene flow in South American temperate lizards (Squamata: Liolaemus kingii group)
<p>Evolutionary processes behind lineage divergence often involve multidimensional differentiation. However, in the context of recent divergences, the signals exhibited by each dimension may not converge. In such scenarios, incomplete lineage sorting, gene flow, and scarce phenotypic differentiation are pervasive. Here, we integrated genomic (RAD loci of 90 individuals), phenotypic (linear and geometric traits of 823 and 411 individuals, respectively), spatial, and climatic data to reconstruct the evolutionary history of a speciation continuum of liolaemid lizards (<em>Liolaemus kingii</em> group). Specifically, we (i) inferred the population structure of the group and contrasted it with the phenotypic variability; (ii) assessed the role of post-divergence gene flow in shaping phylogeographic and phenotypic patterns; and (iii) explored eco-geographic drivers of diversification across time and space. We inferred eight genomic clusters exhibiting leaky genetic borders coincident with geographic transitions. We also found evidence of post-divergence gene flow resulting in transgressive phenotypic evolution in one species. Predicted ancestral niches unveiled suitable areas in southern and eastern Patagonia during glacial and interglacial periods. Our study underscores integrating different data and model-based approaches to determine the underlying causes of diversification, a challenge faced in the study of recently diverged groups. We also highlight <em>Liolaemus</em> as a model system for phylogeographic and broader evolutionary studies.</p>
Fig. 3 in New Eocene South American native ungulates from the Quebrada de los Colorados Formation at Los Cardones National Park, Argentina
Fig. 3. New fossil specimens of Typotheria and Toxodontia from the Quebrada de Los Colorados Formation exposed at Quebrada Grande locality, Los Cardones National Park (Salta Province), Casamayoran SALMA. A, B. Colbertiasp. A. IBIGEO-P 58a, left maxillary fragment with M2–M3 in occlusal view. B. IBIGEO-P 58b, left maxillary fragment with P4–M3 in occlusal view. C–E. Pampahippus secundus Deraco and García-López, 2016. C. IBIGEO-P 62, right trigonid and incomplete talonid of a lower right molar in occlusal view. D. IBIGEO-P 63, fragmented left p3 or p4 in occlusal view. E. IBIGEO-P 64, left m1? in occlusal (E1), labial (E2), and lingual (E3) views. Photographs (A1–E1, E3, E4), explanatory drawings (A2–E2). Dashed area indicates broken or missing dental areas.
Fig. 1 in New Eocene South American native ungulates from the Quebrada de los Colorados Formation at Los Cardones National Park, Argentina
Fig. 1. New fossil materials of Litopterna, Astrapotheria, and Notostylopidae from the Quebrada de Los Colorados Formation exposed at Quebrada Grande locality, Los Cardones National Park (Salta Province), Casamayoran SALMA, Eocene. A. cf. Ernestokokenia sp. (IBIGEO-P 65), fragmented left upper cheek tooth in occlusal view. B. Astrapotheria indet. (IBIGEO-P 66), left maxillary fragment with three broken molariforms in lingual (B1) and occlusal (B3) views, and detail showing Hunter-Schreger bands (B4); dashed area in B2 indicates broken or missing dental areas. C. Homalostylops sp. (IBIGEO-P 57b), right m2? in occlusal (C1), lingual (C3), and labial (C4) views. D.?Homalostylops sp. (IBIGEO-P 57a), left m1? in occlusal view. Photographs (A1, B1, B3, B4, C1, C3, C4, D1), explanatory drawings (A2, B2, C2, D2).
Fig. 66 in Revision of the South American genera Andinocopris new genus and Homocopris Burmeister, 1846 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Homocoprini new tribe)
Fig. 66. Homocopris grossiorum Darling & Génier sp. nov. and Homocopris williami Darling & Génier sp. nov., distribution map. Legend and scale bar included in the top and bottom right corners, respectively.
Figs 58–64. 58. Copris victorini Boheman, 1857, pronotum oblique view. 59 in Revision of the South American genera Andinocopris new genus and Homocopris Burmeister, 1846 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Homocoprini new tribe)
Figs 58–64. 58. Copris victorini Boheman, 1857, pronotum oblique view. 59. Sulcophanaeus carnifex (Linnaeus, 1758), pronotum oblique view. 60. Andinocopris achamas (Harold, 1867) gen. et comb. nov., meso-metasternal suture, ventral view. 61. Homocopris torulosus (Eschscholtz, 1822), mesometasternal suture, ventral view. 62. A. achamas, left elytron, oblique view. 63. H. torulosus, elytron underside. 64. Sulcophanaeus carnifex, hindwing.
Figs 46–57. 46–49. Elytral striae, posterolateral view. 46 in Revision of the South American genera Andinocopris new genus and Homocopris Burmeister, 1846 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Homocoprini new tribe)
Figs 46–57. 46–49. Elytral striae, posterolateral view. 46. Andinocopris achamas (Harold, 1867) gen. et comb. nov., lectotype, ♂ (MNHN). 47. Homocopris torulosus (Eschscholtz, 1822), neotype, ♂ (CMNC). Anterior pronotal surface. 48. Homocopris grossiorum Darling & Génier sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (CEMT). 49. Homocopris torulosus, neotype, ♂ (CMNC). 50–57. Type specimen labels. 50. Pinotus achamas Harold, 1867. 51. Pinotus buckleyi (Waterhouse, 1891). 52. Homocopris grossiorum. 53. Copris punctatissimus (Curtis, 1845). 54. Copris torulosus Eschscholtz, 1822. 55. Homocopris williami Darling & Génier sp. nov. 56. Pinotus simulator Luederwaldt, 1936. 57. Pinotus dahli Landin, 1955.
Figs 42–45 in Revision of the South American genera Andinocopris new genus and Homocopris Burmeister, 1846 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Homocoprini new tribe)
Figs 42–45. Metasternum, ventral view. In specimens with a metasternal depression, the lateral depression is bordered with white dotted lines. For Homocopris grossiorum Darling & Génier sp. nov., a red dotted line indicates where the metasternal depression is interrupted. 42. Andinocopris buckleyi (Waterhouse, 1891) gen. et comb. nov., specimen ♀ (MNHN) 43. Homocopris grossiorum, holotype ♂ (MZSP). 44. Homocopris punctatissimus (Curtis, 1845), specimen ♀ (NMPC). 45. Homocopris torulosus (Eschscholtz, 1822), specimen ♂ (CMNC).
Figs 37–41. 37–38. Genital segment, dorsal view. 37 in Revision of the South American genera Andinocopris new genus and Homocopris Burmeister, 1846 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Homocoprini new tribe)
Figs 37–41. 37–38. Genital segment, dorsal view. 37. Homocopris grossiorum Darling & Génier sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (CEMT). 38. Homocopris torulosus (Eschscholtz, 1822), neotype, ♂ (CMNC). 39–41. Hindwing, dorsal view. 39. Andinocopris achamas (Harold, 1867) gen. et comb. nov. 40. Andinocopris buckleyi (Waterhouse, 1891) gen. et comb. nov. 41. Homocopris torulosus.
Figs 31–36. FLP endophallite, dorsal view. 31 in Revision of the South American genera Andinocopris new genus and Homocopris Burmeister, 1846 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Homocoprini new tribe)
Figs 31–36. FLP endophallite, dorsal view. 31. Andinocopris achamas (Harold, 1867) gen. et comb. nov., specimen ♂. 32. Andinocopris buckleyi (Waterhouse, 1891) gen. et comb. nov., specimen ♂. 33. Homocopris grossiorum Darling & Génier sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (CEMT). 34. Homocopris punctatissimus (Curtis, 1845), specimen ♂ (CMNC). 35. Homocopris torulosus (Eschscholtz, 1822), neotype, ♂ (CMNC). 36. Homocopris williami Darling & Génier sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (MZSP).
Fig. 65 in Revision of the South American genera Andinocopris new genus and Homocopris Burmeister, 1846 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Homocoprini new tribe)
Fig. 65. Andinocopris achamas (Harold, 1867) gen. et comb. nov. and Andinocopris buckleyi (Waterhouse, 1891) gen. et comb. nov., distribution map. Legend and scale bar included in the top and bottom right corners, respectively.
Fig. 67 in Revision of the South American genera Andinocopris new genus and Homocopris Burmeister, 1846 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Homocoprini new tribe)
Fig. 67. Homocopris punctatissimus (Curtis, 1845), and Homocopris torulosus (Eschscholtz, 1822), distribution map. Legend and scale bar included in the top and bottom right corners, respectively.
Figs 21–24 in Revision of the South American genera Andinocopris new genus and Homocopris Burmeister, 1846 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Homocoprini new tribe)
Figs 21–24. Head and pronotum, lateral view. 21. Homocopris torulosus (Eschscholtz, 1822), neotype, ♂ (CMNC). 22. Homocopris torulosus, specimen ♀ (repository unknown). 23. Homocopris williami Darling & Génier sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (MZSP). 24. Homocopris williami, allotype, ♀ (MZSP).
Figs 25–30. Paramere, lateral view.25 in Revision of the South American genera Andinocopris new genus and Homocopris Burmeister, 1846 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Homocoprini new tribe)
Figs 25–30. Paramere, lateral view.25. Andinocopris achamas(Harold, 1867) gen. et comb. nov., specimen ♂ (CMNC). 26. Andinocopris buckleyi (Waterhouse, 1891) gen. et comb. nov., specimen ♂ (MNHN). 27. Homocopris grossiorum Darling & Génier sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (CEMT). 28. Homocopris punctatissimus (Curtis, 1845), specimen ♂ (CMNC). 29. Homocopris torulosus (Eschscholtz, 1822), neotype, ♂ (CMNC). 30. Homocopris williami Darling & Génier sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (MZSP).
Figs 13–16 in Revision of the South American genera Andinocopris new genus and Homocopris Burmeister, 1846 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Homocoprini new tribe)
Figs 13–16. Head and pronotum, lateral view.13. Andinocopris achamas(Harold, 1867) gen. et comb. nov., lectotype, ♂ (MNHN). 14. Andinocopris achamas, paralectotype, ♀ (MNHN). 15. Andinocopris buckleyi (Waterhouse, 1891) gen. et comb. nov., specimen ♂ (MNHN). 16. Andinocopris buckleyi, specimen ♀ (MNHN).
Figs 9–12. Dorsal habitus. 9 in Revision of the South American genera Andinocopris new genus and Homocopris Burmeister, 1846 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Homocoprini new tribe)
Figs 9–12. Dorsal habitus. 9. Homocopris torulosus (Eschscholtz, 1822), neotype, ♂ (CMNC). 10. Homocopris torulosus, specimen ♀ (repository unknown). 11. Homocopris williami Darling & Génier sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (MZSP). 12. Homocopris williami, allotype, ♀ (MZSP).
Figs 17–20 in Revision of the South American genera Andinocopris new genus and Homocopris Burmeister, 1846 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Homocoprini new tribe)
Figs 17–20. Head and pronotum, lateral view. 17. Homocopris grossiorum Darling & Génier sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (CEMT). 18. Homocopris grossiorum, allotype, ♀ (CEMT). 19. Homocopris punctatissimus (Curtis, 1845), specimen ♂ (CMNC). 20. Homocopris punctatissimus, specimen ♀ (BNPC).
Figs 1–4. Dorsal habitus. 1 in Revision of the South American genera Andinocopris new genus and Homocopris Burmeister, 1846 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Homocoprini new tribe)
Figs 1–4. Dorsal habitus. 1. Andinocopris achamas (Harold, 1867) gen. et comb. nov., lectotype, ♂ (MNHN). 2. Andinocopris achamas, alloreferent paralectotype, ♀ (MNHN). 3. Andinocopris buckleyi (Waterhouse, 1891) gen. et comb. nov., specimen ♂ (MNHN). 4. Andinocopris buckleyi, specimen ♀ (MNHN).
Figs 5–8. Dorsal habitus. 5 in Revision of the South American genera Andinocopris new genus and Homocopris Burmeister, 1846 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Homocoprini new tribe)
Figs 5–8. Dorsal habitus. 5. Homocopris grossiorum Darling & Génier sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (CEMT). 6. Homocopris grossiorum, allotype, ♀ (CEMT). 7. Homocopris punctatissimus (Curtis, 1845), specimen ♂ (CMNC). 8. Homocopris punctatissimus, specimen ♀ (NMPC).
Fig. 3 in Prevalence and genetic diversity of haematozoa in South American waterfowl and evidence for intercontinental redistribution of parasites by migratory birds
Fig. 3. Bayesian phylogenetic tree of haematozoa mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b haplotypes obtained from infected waterfowl. Trees were rooted with mammalian Plasmodium outgroups. Node tips are labeled with parasite genus (Haem = Haemoproteus, Leuc = Leucocytozoon, and Plas = Plasmodium), followed by the lineage name, GenBank accession number for each sequence, host order (passerine/waterfowl), and the country/state from which the samples were collected. All haplotypes identified in this study are highlighted in red. Numbers on branches represent posterior probabilities from the analysis. Asterisks after node tip labels indicate sequences from our study that were identical to lineages previously found in non-waterfowl hosts. All reference sequences were obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information website.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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