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FIGURE 4 in Effects of urbanization and environmental heterogeneity on fish assemblages in small streams

FIGURE 4 | Relationship between rarefied species richness (Srarefied) and the proportion of impervious surfaces in urban streams in Cuiabá. The line indicates fitted values.

FIGURE 3 in Effects of urbanization and environmental heterogeneity on fish assemblages in small streams

FIGURE 3 | Spatial variation in rarefied species richness (Srarefied; A) and the local contribution to beta diversity (LCBD; B) in urban streams in Cuiabá (Mato Grosso, Brazil). The circle sizes in the legend indicate the minimum, mean, and maximum values of Srarefied and the LCBD. The arrow in "A" indicates flow direction.

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FIGURE 1 in Body size responses to land use in stream fish: the importance of different metrics and functional groups

FIGURE 1 | Description of the four body size metrics used to investigate body size patterns in overall stream fish communities and in distinct functional groups. A. Skewness describes the tendency of value distribution being biased towards the right (negative-skewed) or left (positive-skewed). B. Kurtosis describes if the distribution of values is more flatted (platykurtic) or biased towards the center (narrow). Mean values can be the same for distinct kurtosis. Coefficient of variation (CV) describes the variation in values standardized to the mean.

FIGURE 2 in Effects of urbanization and environmental heterogeneity on fish assemblages in small streams

FIGURE 2 | Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) of local environmental variables of streams from the urban area of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, midwestern Brazil. The symbol sizes are proportional to the environmental heterogeneity (EH); PlaMat: plant matter; GraRoc: gravel and rocks; CanCov: canopy cover.

FIGURE 1 in Effects of urbanization and environmental heterogeneity on fish assemblages in small streams

FIGURE 1 | Location of the 45 streams sampled for fish in urban area within Cuiabá, Mato Grosso state, midwestern Brazil. The gray area indicates impervious surfaces. The color gradient indicates the proportion of impervious surfaces in a 500 m buffer around each stream; the closer to one the value is, the higher the quantity of urban infrastructure around the stream. The continuous lines indicate the hydrography. The dashed lines indicate the political boundary of Cuiabá with the neighboring municipality of Várzea Grande.

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FIGURE 3 in Body size responses to land use in stream fish: the importance of different metrics and functional groups

FIGURE 3 | Clusters of fish species based on ecomorphological and trophic traits, resulting in 11 functional groups (FG). Full species names by FG are available in S2.

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FIGURE 2 in Body size responses to land use in stream fish: the importance of different metrics and functional groups

FIGURE 2 | Location of the 40 stream sites where fish communities were sampled in South Brazilian grassland biome (Pampa).

Fig. 6 in Trophic structure of a fish community in Bananal stream subbasin in Brasília National Park, Cerrado biome (Brazilian Savanna), DF

Fig. 6. Proportion of autochthonous feeding items (black) and allochthonous (gray) with respect to the rainy (C) and dry (S) seasons for the fish species that presented this significant variation. Species abbreviations: Aspidoras fuscoguttatus (aspfus), Astyanax sp. (astsp), Characidium xanthopterum (chaxan), Hasemania sp. (hassp), Hyphessobrycon balbus (hypbal), Heptapterus sp. (hepsp), Knodus moenkhausii (knomoe), Kolpotocheirodon theloura (kolthe), Moenkhausia sp. (moesp), Phalloceros harpagos (phahar), Planaltina myersi (plamye), Rhamdia quelen (rhaque) and Rivulus pictus (rivpic)..

Fig. 1 in Trophic structure of a fish community in Bananal stream subbasin in Brasília National Park, Cerrado biome (Brazilian Savanna), DF

Fig. 1. Localization of the Brasília National Park in the Distrito Federal and distribution of sampling sites in the Bananal stream subbasin, Paranoá Lake basin, DF.

Fig. 5 in Trophic structure of a fish community in Bananal stream subbasin in Brasília National Park, Cerrado biome (Brazilian Savanna), DF

Fig. 5. Feeding items distributed according to the frequency of fish species occurrence (axis X) and relative abundance (axis Y), based upon the method proposed by Amundsen et al (1996): Moenkhausia sp., Phalloceros harpagos, Planaltina myersi, Rhamdia quelen and Rivulus pictus. The number of analyzed stomachs is shown in parentheses.

Fig. 4 in Trophic structure of a fish community in Bananal stream subbasin in Brasília National Park, Cerrado biome (Brazilian Savanna), DF

Fig. 4. Feeding items distributed according to the frequency of fish species occurrence (axis X) and relative abundance (axis Y), based upon the method proposed by Amundsen et al (1996): Aspidoras fuscoguttatus, Astyanax sp., Characidium xanthopterum, Hasemania sp., Hyphessobrycon balbus, Heptapterus sp., Knodus moenkhausii and Kolpotocheirodon theloura. The number of analyzed stomachs is shown in parentheses.

Fig. 2 in Trophic structure of a fish community in Bananal stream subbasin in Brasília National Park, Cerrado biome (Brazilian Savanna), DF

Fig. 2. General view of sites 1 to 7 sampled at the Bananal stream subbasin, Paranoá Lake basin, DF.

Fig. 3. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis for the 13 in Trophic structure of a fish community in Bananal stream subbasin in Brasília National Park, Cerrado biome (Brazilian Savanna), DF

Fig. 3. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis for the 13 more abundant fish species' diet found in the Bananal stream subbasin, Paranoá Lake basin, DF. Indication of four groups A, B, C and D. Species abbreviations: Aspidoras fuscoguttatus (aspfus), Astyanax sp. (astsp), Characidium xanthopterum (chaxan), Hasemania sp. (hassp), Hyphessobrycon balbus (hypbal), Heptapterus sp. (hepsp), Knodus moenkhausii (knomoe), Kolpotocheirodon theloura (kolthe), Moenkhausia sp. (moesp), Phalloceros harpagos (phahar), Planaltina myersi (plamye), Rhamdia quelen (rhaque) and Rivulus pictus (rivpic).

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Fig. 2 in Habitat simplification affects nuclear-follower foraging association among stream fishes

Fig. 2. General view of the altered (a) and unaltered (b) sites in the córrego Olho d'Água, Central-West Brazil. Photos: Renato M. Romero and Fabrício B. Teresa.

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Fig. 1 in Habitat simplification affects nuclear-follower foraging association among stream fishes

Fig. 1. Location of the study area, indicating the córrego Olho d'Água in South America (black dot).

Fig. 5 in Changes in the structure of fish assemblages in streams along an undisturbed-impacted gradient, upper Paraná River basin, Central Brazil

Fig. 5. ABC curves per year of fish assemblages from stream stretches located in impacted areas. NP1 = Palmito; NP2 = Onça; NP3 = Unnamed Stream 3. W = statistical value for each stream.

Fig. 2 in Changes in the structure of fish assemblages in streams along an undisturbed-impacted gradient, upper Paraná River basin, Central Brazil

Fig. 2. Fish assemblage rarefaction plot by stream stretches. P1 = Macaúba; P2 = Carapina; P3 = Barreiro; P4 = Cana Brava; NP1 = Palmito; NP2 = Onça; NP3 = Unnamed Stream 3; NP4= Bandeira; NP5 = Pedreira; NP6 = Unnamed Stream 2.

Fig. 1 in Changes in the structure of fish assemblages in streams along an undisturbed-impacted gradient, upper Paraná River basin, Central Brazil

Fig. 1. Location of the streams sampled in the João Leite River basin, Goiás, Central Brazil. The broken line represents the limits of the basin. Clear grey area = Altamiro de Moura Pacheco State Park; Goiânia and Anápolis are the main cities in the basin. P1 = Macaúba; P2 = Carapina; P3 = Barreiro; P4 = Cana Brava; NP1 = Palmito; NP2 = Onça; NP3 = Unnamed Stream 3; NP4 = Bandeira; NP5 = Pedreira; NP6 = Unnamed Stream 2.

Fig. 3 in Changes in the structure of fish assemblages in streams along an undisturbed-impacted gradient, upper Paraná River basin, Central Brazil

Fig. 3. Fish assemblage dendogram resulting from the Morisita-Horns analysis. Roman numerals indicate the groups and the small box the scale of variance. P1 = Macaúba; P2 = Carapina; P3 = Barreiro; P4 = Cana Brava; NP1 = Palmito; NP2 = Onça; NP3 = Unnamed Stream 3; NP4 = Bandeira; NP5 = Pedreira; NP6 = Unnamed Stream 2.

Fig. 4 in Changes in the structure of fish assemblages in streams along an undisturbed-impacted gradient, upper Paraná River basin, Central Brazil

Fig. 4. ABC curves per year of fish assemblages from stream stretches located in preserved areas. P1 = Macaúba; P2 = Carapina; P3 = Barreiro; P4 = Cana Brava. W = statistical value for each stream.