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132 results for “Swift”
Swift Gamma-ray Urgent Archiver for Novel Opportunities (GUANO) Events
The Swift Observatory provides event-level data from the Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) on demand in response to transients detected by other observatories/instruments. This capability, named "Gamma-ray Urgent Archiver for Novel Opportunities" (GUANO), was introduced in 2020. In normal operations, BAT records the arrival time (to 100-microsecond accuracy), location (in detector coordinates), and energy (in one of 80 bins from 15 to 350 keV) for each individual count that strikes the detector. These data, referred as event-by-event (or event), because of the large effective area of the BAT, produces a large data volume that cannot all be stored onboard or telemetered to the ground. For this reason, the BAT has relied on the performance of its onboard real-time detection algorithms, and only preserves event data and telemeters them to the ground around the time of events that trigger these onboard algorithms. The GUANO implementation allows to download BAT event data that did not trigger on board. Upon receiving an alert from different observatories, an autonomous spacecraft-commanding pipeline requests to download from the Swift satellite the BAT event data around the time of the GUANO event with a time window, typically around 200 seconds. The satellite does not slew; therefore, only BAT event data are available for the GUANO event and these data are tagged with a sequence number associated with the ongoing observation containing the GUANO time window. This table records the times of the GUANO events from different observatories from which Swift was able to download the BAT event data together with the directory and file names where the event are located in the archive. There is one record for each trigger by an external observatory that requested BAT event data; therefore, it is possible that multiple records are associated with the same event. This contents of this database table are generated at the Swift processing site. During operation, it is updated for any new GUANO trigger. These updates are then delivered to the HEASARC and ingested into the HEASARC database in a timely fashion. Note that some parameters (specifically, the galactic coordinates) have been added and are populated by the HEASARC. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
Swift X-Ray Telescope Cluster Survey Catalog
This table contains the Swift X-ray Cluster Survey (SWXCS) catalog obtained using archival data from the X-ray telescope (XRT) on board the Swift satellite acquired from 2005 February to 2012 November, extending the first release of the SWXCS. The catalog provides positions and soft X-ray fluxes for a flux-limited sample of X-ray group and cluster candidates. In Table 3 of the reference paper (available at the HEASARC as the linked table SWXCSOXID), when possible, optical counterparts are given for these candidates. The authors consider the fields with Galactic latitude |b| > 20 degrees so as to avoid regions of high H I column density. They discard all of the observations targeted at groups or clusters of galaxies, as well as particular extragalactic fields not suitable for searching for faint extended sources. The authors finally select ~ 3000 useful fields covering a total solid angle of ~ 400 deg<sup>2</sup>. They identify extended source candidates in the soft-band (0.5-2 keV) images of these fields using the software EXSdetect, which is specifically calibrated for the XRT data. Extensive simulations are used to evaluate contamination and completeness as a function of the source signal, allowing the authors to minimize the number of spurious detections and to robustly assess the selection function. The final catalog includes 263 candidate galaxy clusters and groups down to a flux limit of 7 x 10<sup>-15</sup> erg/cm<sup>2</sup>/s in the soft band (0.5 - 2.0 keV), and the log N - log S is in very good agreement with previous deep X-ray surveys. In the reference paper, the final list of sources is cross-correlated with published optical, X-ray, and Sunyaev-Zel'dovich catalogs of clusters. The authors find that 137 sources have been previously identified as clusters in the literature in independent surveys, while 126 are new detections. Currently, they have collected redshift information for 158 sources (60% of the entire sample). From the entire Swift XRT archive in the period 2005 February-2012 November, the authors have selected all the fields that can be used to build an unbiased, serendipitous X-ray cluster catalog. This table was created by the HEASARC in March 2015 based on an electronic version of Table 2 from the reference paper which was obtained from the CDS as their catalog J/ApJS/216/28 file table2.dat. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
Swift-BAT 105-Month All-Sky Hard X-Ray Survey
The catalog includes hard X-ray sources detected in the first 105-months of observations with the Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) coded-mask imager on board the Swift observatory. The 105-month Swift-BAT survey is a uniform hard X-ray all-sky survey with a sensitivity of 8.40x10<sup>-12</sup>erg/s/cm<sup>2</sup> over 90% of the sky and 7.24x10<sup>-12</sup>erg/s/cm<sup>2</sup> over 50% of the sky in the 14-195 keV band. The Swift-BAT 105-month catalog provides 1632 (422 new detections) hard X-ray sources in the 14-195 keV band above the 4.8 sigma significance level. Adding to the previously known hard X-ray sources, 34% (144/422) of the new detections are identified as Seyfert active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in nearby galaxies (z<0.2). The majority of the remaining identified sources are X-ray binaries (7%, 31) and blazars/BL Lac objects (10%, 43). As part of this new edition of the Swift-BAT catalog, the authors release eight-channel spectra and monthly sampled light curves for each object in the online journal and at the <a href="https://swift.gsfc.nasa.gov/results/bs105mon/">Swift-BAT 105-month website</a>. The data reduction, analysis, and catalog generation of the Swift-BAT 105-month survey (between 2004 December and 2013 August) are conducted following the same procedures as in the Swift-BAT 70-month survey (Baumgartner+ 2013, J/ApJS/207/19). The catalog includes 1632 hard X-ray sources detected across the entire sky. Of these 1632 sources, 422 are new detections with respect to the 70-month catalog, and 320 are reported as hard X-ray sources for the first time. The Swift-BAT 105-month survey catalog contains 947 non-beamed AGNs detected in the hard X-ray band. The authors inspected soft X-ray images provided by Swift-XRT (3-10keV), Chandra (2-10keV), ASCA (2-10keV), and XMM-Newton (4-10keV) for the newly detected sources when available using 15 arcmin of matching radius. See section 2.1 of the paper for further explanations. This table was created by the HEASARC in March 2020 based upon the <a href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/J/ApJS/235/4">CDS Catalog J/ApJS/235/4</a> file table3.dat. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
Swift UVOT Instrument Log
The UVOT runs only one type of configuration filter/mode/window in a given time interval. This database table, therefore, contains for a given time interval a single record that describes one configuration. This database table is generated by the Swift Data Center. During operation, it is updated on daily basis. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
Swift BAT Instrument Log
The BAT can operate several configuration modes simultaneously. Each of the simultaneous modes is listed in separate records within this table. For a given time interval, there are several records (partially overlapping in time), each describing a single configuration/mode. The BAT modes collect data for the entire FOV but also have the capability to record rates (tag mask rate) for up to a few specific sky positions (typically 3) that correspond to a pre-assigned target ID. It is possible that at least two or more of these positions do not coincide with the BAT or NFI pointing position and therefore the target ID does necessarily coincide with Target_ID of the BAT or NFI pointing position. This table records for the position (RA and Dec) and Target_ID parameters the correct values associated to each of the mask tag data. This database table is generated at the Swift processing site. During operation, it is updated on daily basis. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
Swift/UVOT Serendipitous Source Catalog, v1.1
The first version of the Swift UVOT Serendipitous Source Catalog (UVOTSSC) provides positions and magnitudes, as well as errors and upper limits of confirmed sources, for observations taken from the start of operations in 2005 until October 1st of 2010. The first version of the UVOTSSC has been produced by processing the image data obtained from the Swift Ultraviolet and Optical Telescope (UVOT). The data processing was performed at the Mullard Space Science Laboratory (MSSL, University College London, U.K.) using Swift FTOOLS from NASA's High Energy Astrophysics Software package (HEASoft-6.11), with some customizing of the UVOT packages in order to get more complete source detection and to properly apply quality flags to those sources that were detected within the UVOT image artifacts. The total number of observations with 17'x17' images used for version 1 of the catalog is 23,059, giving 6,200,016 sources in total, of which 2,027,265 have multiple entries in the source table because they have been detected in more than one observation. Some sources were only observed in one filter. The total number of entries in the source table is 13,860,568. The S/N ratio for all sources exceeds 5 in at least one UVOT filter, the rest of the filters having a S/N greater than 3. U, B, V, UVW2, UVM2 and UVW1 refer to the filter bandpasses defined in the UVOT Filterwheel section of the MSSL documentation at <a href="http://www.mssl.ucl.ac.uk/www_astro/uvot/uvot_instrument/filterwheel/filterwheel.html">http://www.mssl.ucl.ac.uk/www_astro/uvot/uvot_instrument/filterwheel/filterwheel.html</a>. The initially released version of the catalog (2015) was done with the source identifier "SWIFTUVOT" for each source, and was made available in that form. The decision was subsequently made to rename the catalog sources by including the catalog version number. In addition, in a few instances multiple source IDs shared the same name (IAUNAME). They will be distinguished by having a letter a,b,c,.. appended to their name. Sources brighter than 0.96 counts per frame have not been included because their coincidence loss is too large to correct for. This HEASARC table contains version 1.1 of the Swift UVOT source table and contains 13,860,568 entries for the individual detections of 6,200,016 sources. The HEASARC has changed the names of many of the parameters from those given in the original table. In such cases, we have listed the original names in parentheses at the end of the parameter descriptions given below. There is a second related table which gives a summary of the observations from which the UVOTSSC sources listed in this table have been detected and measured, which is available at the HEASARC as the SWUVOTSSOB table. This table was created by the HEASARC in May 2017 based upon the <a href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/II/339">CDS Catalog II/339</a> file uvotssc1.dat. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
Swift Gamma Ray Bursts Catalog
This table contains the results of the Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) observed by Swift. The GRBs included are either triggered by Swift or follow-ups of GRBs discovered by other satellites. The table reports results and/or information, when possible, for each burst from all three instruments on board Swift, e.g. the Bursts Alert Telescope, BAT,the X-ray Telescope, XRT, and the Ultra-Violet Optical Telescope, UVOT. The results are obtained from a standard analysis processing of the Swift data which creates several data products available via this table. Additional information on the burst either from Gamma-ray and X-ray observations or results from ground-based telescopes are extracted from the GCN and the BAT Burst catalog. This table's data products are also available from the dedicated web pages <a href="http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/swift/archive/grbsummary/">http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/swift/archive/grbsummary/</a>. The current database contains all bursts observed by Swift from the beginning of the mission, 20 Nov 2004 up to 31 Dec 2012. The data products are available for Bursts detected after 15 Feb 2005. This online catalog was created by the HEASARC based on machine-readable tables compiled by the HEASARC staff. Details are published in Donato et al. (2012). This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
Swift Master Catalog
This table records high-level information for each Swift observation and provides access to the data archive. Each record is associated with a single observation that contains data from all instruments on board Swift. The BAT is the large field of view instrument and operates in the 10-300 keV energy band. The narrow field instruments, XRT and UVOT, operate in the X-ray and UV/optical regime, respectively. An observation is defined as a collection of snapshots, where a snapshot is defined as the time spent observing the same position continuously. Because of observing constraints, the length of a snapshot can be shorter than a single orbit and it can be interrupted because the satellite will point in a different direction of the sky or because the time allocated to that observation ends. The typical Swift observing strategy for a Gamma Ray Burst (GRB) and/or afterglow, consists of a serious of observations aimed at following the GRB and its afterglow evolution. This strategy is achieved with two different type of observations named Automatic Targets and Pre-Planned Targets. The Automatic Target is initiated on board soon after an event is triggered by the BAT. The Figure of Merit (FOM) algorithm, part of the observatory's autonomy, decides if it is worth requesting a slew maneuver to point the narrow field instruments (NFI) on Swift, XRT and UVOT, in the direction of the trigger. If the conditions to slew to the new position are satisfied, the Automatic Target observation takes place; all the instruments have a pre-set standard configuration of operating modes and filters and about 20000 seconds on source will be collected. The Pre-Planned Target observations instead are initiated from the ground once the trigger is known. These observations are planned on ground and uploaded onto the spacecraft. This database table is generated at the Swift processing site. During operation, it is updated on daily basis. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
Swift Simultaneous UV, Optical, and X-Ray Observed Quasar Catalog
The authors have compiled a catalog of optically selected quasars with simultaneous observations in UV/optical and X-ray bands by the Swift Gamma-ray Burst Explorer. Objects in this catalog are identified by matching the Swift pointings with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 5 (DR5) quasar catalog. The final catalog contains 843 objects, among which 637 have both Ultraviolet Optical Telescope (UVOT) and X-Ray Telescope (XRT) observations and 354 of which are detected by both instruments. The overall X-ray detection rate is ~ 60% which rises to ~ 85% among sources with at least 10 ks of XRT exposure time. The authors construct the time-averaged spectral energy distribution (SED) for each of the 354 quasars using UVOT photometric measurements and XRT spectra. From model fits to these SEDs, they find that the big blue bump contributes about ~ 0.3 dex to the quasar luminosity. The authors re-visit the alpha<sub>ox</sub> - L<sub>2500A</sub> relation by selecting a clean sample with only Type 1 radio-quiet quasars; the dispersion of this relation is reduced by at least 15% compared with studies that use non-simultaneous UV/optical and X-ray data. They find only a weak correlation between L<sub>bol</sub>/L<sub>Edd</sub> and alpha<sub>UV</sub>. They do not find significant correlations between alpha<sub>x</sub> and alpha<sub>ox</sub>, alpha<sub>ox</sub> and alpha<sub>UV</sub>, and alpha<sub>x</sub> and log L(0.3-10 keV). The correlations between alpha<sub>UV</sub> and alpha<sub>x</sub>, alpha<sub>ox</sub> and alpha<sub>x</sub>, alpha<sub>ox</sub> and alpha<sub>UV</sub>, L<sub>bol</sub>/L<sub>Edd</sub> and alpha<sub>x</sub>, and L<sub>bol</sub>/L<sub>Edd</sub> and alpha<sub>ox</sub> are stronger among low-redshift quasars, indicating that these correlations are likely driven by the changes of SED shape with accretion state. This quasar sample was compiled in the following steps: 1. Candidate objects for the catalog were selected as any SDSS DR5 quasar that lie within 20 arcminutes of the center of the Swift FOV in any pointing from launch through 2008 June. 2. XRT data were processed to obtain X-ray count rates, spectra, and spectral parameters. 3. UVOT data were processed to obtain UV and optical photometry. 4. UVOT photometry were supplemented with measurements at other wavelengths from published catalogs. 5. Quasar SEDs were constructed. 6. Additional parameters were calculated based on the SEDs of each quasar. The raw sample is constructed by matching 3.5 years Swift pointings and the SDSS DR5 quasar catalog and contains 1034 objects. This HEASARC version of this catalog contains all 1034 objects in the "raw" catalog. To select only the 843 objects in the "final" catalog, the user should specify catalog_flag = 1 in any searches of this table. This table was created by the HEASARC in August 2012 based on an electronic version of Table 8 from the reference paper which was obtained from the ApJS web site. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
The Seven-Year Swift-XRT Point Source Catalog (1SWXRT)
This table contains the 1SWXRT catalog of point sources detected by X-ray Telescope (XRT) on board of the Swift satellite during the first seven years of operation (Jan 2005 - Dec 2011). Swift is a NASA mission with international participation dedicated to gamma-ray burst study. It carries three instruments. The BAT is the large field of view instrument and operates in the 10-300 keV energy band; and two narrow field instruments, XRT and UVOT, that operate in the X-ray and UV/optical regime, respectively. The seven-year Swift-XRT point source catalog (1SWXRT) was built using all the observations performed by Swift-XRT in PC observing mode with an exposure longer than 500 s. The total number of observations considered is 35011, for an overall exposure time of ~140 Ms. Different observations with same pointing were not merged, but analyzed separately, thus retaining information about the variability of the catalogued sources. Most of the observations have short exposures. In fact, ~18% have t<sub>exp</sub> < 1 ks and ~77% have t<sub>exp</sub> < 5 ks. Only 7% of the observations have an exposure time > 10 ks, which are mostly (but not exclusively) fields associated with GRBs. The catalog was generated by running the detection algorithm in the XIMAGE package version 4.4.1 that locates the point sources using a sliding-cell method. The average background intensity is estimated in several small square boxes uniformly located within the image. The position and intensity of each detected source are calculated in a box whose size maximizes the signal-to-noise ratio. For each detection the catalog reports three count rates in the 0.3-3 (Soft), and 2-10 (Hard), and 0.3-10 (Full) keV energy bands. Each are corrected for dead times and vignetting using exposure maps and for the PSF. Hardness ratios are calculated using the three energy band and defined as HR = (c<sub>H</sub> - c<sub>S</sub>)/(c<sub>H</sub> + c<sub>S</sub>) where c<sub>S</sub> and c<sub>H</sub> are the count rates in the S(oft) and H(ard) bands, respectively. The catalog was cleaned from spurious and extended sources by visual inspection of all the observations. Count rates in the three bands were converted to 0.5-10, 0.5-2, and 2-10 keV observed fluxes, respectively. For the fluxes these energy bands were adopted to easy comparison with other X-ray catalogs (Watson, M. G. et al. 2009, A&A, 493, 339; Evans, I. N. et al. 2010, ApJ, 189, 37). The count rate to flux conversion was made using an absorbed power-law. The absorption is the Galactic hydrogen column density in the direction of the source and the photon spectral index has been estimated through the hardness ratio. Each row in the catalog is a detection not a unique source since the analysis was done by observation. Since multiple observations have covered the same part of the sky, a source may be detected more than once. The total number of detections is 84979 with an estimated 36000 unique sources as reported in the D'Elia et al. paper. The number of unique sources is derived by considering as one source all detections that have their positions within 12 arcsec. However, the catalog does not have a marker to identify all detections of a unique source. This database table was created by the HEASARC in November 2021 based on the electronic version available from the ASI Data Center <a href="https://www.asdc.asi.it/1swxrt/">https://www.asdc.asi.it/1swxrt/</a> and published in the Astronomy and Astrophysics Journal. This catalog is also available as <a href="https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/ftp/cats/J/A+A/551/A142">CDS catalog J/A+A/551/A142</a>. The HEASARC added the id_number parameter, a counter to numerically identify each detection in the catalog (since the names of the detections are not unique), . Note that there is a discrepancy in the number of detections in the electronic version which has 84979 records and the number of detections reported in the paper (84992). This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
Swift XRT Counterparts to Unidentified 1FGL Sources
The authors have analyzed all the archival X-ray data of 134 unidentified (unID) gamma-ray sources listed in the first Fermi/LAT (1FGL) catalog and subsequently followed up by the Swift/XRT. They constructed the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) from radio to gamma-rays for each X-ray source detected, and tried to pick up unique objects that display anomalous spectral signatures. In these analyses, they target all the 1FGL unID sources, using updated data from the second Fermi/LAT (2FGL) catalog on the Large Area Telescope (LAT) position and spectra. In the reference paper, the authors discuss the X-ray identification results and the SEDs of all 134 sources observed with the Swift/XRT. The selection criteria for the Fermi sources were as follows: (1) categorized as unID sources in the 1FGL catalog, (2) localized at high Galactic latitude |b| > 10 degrees, (3) observational data were made public by October 2011, and (4) the positional center of the Swift FoV is within 12 arcminutes of the 1FGL sources. Among 630 unID sources listed in the 1FGL catalog, this selection yielded 134 sources which were analyzed in this study. This table contains the list of the positions and 0.3-10 keV count rates of 267 Swift XRT sources which were detected with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 3 or more within the Swift/XRT field of views (FoV) of 112 of the 134 1FGL unID gamma-ray sources, with 22 of the 1FGL sources having no detected Swift XRT sources in their FoVs. The Swift XRT images of all 134 unID gamma-ray sources, the positions of the significant XRT sources, and the 95% 1FGL and 2FGL error ellipses are shown in Figure 11 of the reference paper. This table was created by the HEASARC in September 2014 based on an electronic version of Table 4 from the reference paper which was obtained from the ApJS website. Some of the values for the name parameter in the HEASARC's implementation of this table were corrected in April 2018. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
Swift BAT 60-Month Survey of Active Galactic Nuclei Catalog
Surveys above 10 keV represent one of the best resources to provide an unbiased census of the population of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). The authors present the results of 60 months of observation from 2005 March to 2010 March of the hard X-ray sky with the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT). In this time frame, BAT detected (in the 15 - 55 keV band) 720 sources with a signal-to-noise ratio of >= 5 sigma in an all-sky survey, of which 428 are associated with AGNs, most of which are nearby. This sample has negligible incompleteness and statistics which are a factor of ~ 2 larger over similarly complete sets of AGNs. The sample contains (at least) 15 bona fide Compton-thick AGNs and 3 likely candidates. Compton-thick AGNs represent ~ 5% of AGN samples detected above 15 keV. The authors use the BAT data set to refine the determination of the log N - log S of AGNs which is extremely important, now that NuSTAR prepares for launch, toward assessing the AGN contribution to the cosmic X-ray background. The authors show that the log N - log S of AGNs selected above 10 keV is now established to ~ 10% precision. They derive the luminosity function of Compton-thick AGNs and measure a space density of 7.9 (+4.1, -2.9) x 10<sup>-5</sup> Mpc<sup>-3</sup> for objects with a de-absorbed luminosity larger than 2 x 10<sup>42</sup> erg s<sup>-1</sup>. As the BAT AGNs are all mostly local, they allow us to investigate the spatial distribution of AGNs in the nearby universe regardless of absorption. The authors find concentrations of AGNs that coincide spatially with the largest congregations of matter in the local (<= 85 Mpc) universe. There is some evidence that the fraction of Seyfert 2 objects is larger than average in the direction of these dense regions. This table was created by the HEASARC in May 2012, based on an electronic version of Table 1 from the referenced paper, which was obtained from the ApJ website. This is a service provided by NASA HEASARC .
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