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300 results for “Urban area”
Deprived Urban Areas in Nairobi
<p>Code and main results of the analysis in the deprived urban areas of Nairobi, Kenya through Earth Observation and machine learning techniques.</p>
Figure 1 in Anuran species in a remnant of the Atlantic rainforest in an urban area
Figure 1. Map of the study location in the state of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil. In detail, Vitória municipality with delimitations of Parque Estadual da Fonte Grande (yellow contour).
Figure 2 in Anuran species in a remnant of the Atlantic rainforest in an urban area
Figure 2. Species rarefaction curve of the anuran recorded at Parque Estadual da Fonte Grande, municipality of Vitória, state of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil. Vertical bars indicate the upper and lower limits of the confidence interval (95%).
A STP-HSI index method for urban built-up area extraction based on multi-source remote sensing data
<p>The changes of urban built-up areas can reflect the process of urbanization, and it can reflect the population, economy, and cultural development of the city. Therefore, accurate and timely extraction of urban built-up areas plays an important role in the dynamic management of the city. In the existing research, single-source remote sensing data is used to extract urban built-up areas, and there is a problem that the spectrum of urban areas and non-urban areas is easily confused. Multi-source remote sensing data, including luojia-1 remote sensing data, Landsat 8 OLI remote sensing data, etc., can make up for the spectrum confusing issues.</p> <p>We fuse the time series information of night light remote sensing data, neighborhood information and point of interest (POI) data in spatial dimension, and propose a built-up area extraction method that integrates night light time and space information and POI information.</p>
urban impervious surface area (UISA) data in Shanghai in 2015 and 2018
<p>This data cite from Kuang, W., Zhang, S., Li, X., and Lu, D. (2000–2018). A 30 M Resolution Dataset of China’s Urban Impervious Surface Area and green Space, 2000-2018. Earth Syst. Sci. Data 13, 63–82. doi:10.5194/essd-13-63-2021</p>
Resilience indicators used in the multidimensional characterization of the resilience of urban areas prone to flash floods in the region of Castilla y León (Spain)
<p>Database containing resilience indicators used in the characterization of all dimensions of resilience (social, economic, ecosystemic, physical, institutional and cultural) in those municipalities susceptible to flash floods in the region of Castilla y León (Spain). The database includes a total of 191 resilience indicators, of which 48 correspond to social resilience, 32 to economic resilience, 34 to ecosystem resilience, 44 to physical resilience, 27 to institutional resilience and 6 to cultural resilience.</p> <p>The Excel (.xlsx) file is organized by dimensions, where the prefix "SOC_" corresponds to the social dimension, "ECON_" to the economic dimension, "ECOS_" to the ecosystemic dimension, "PHY_" to the physical dimension, "INS_" to the institutional dimension and "CUL_" to the cultural dimension. Each dimension of resilience occupies two tabs: the first tab (suffixes "_data") contains the description of the indicators included (i.e., indicator code, unit of measurement, year of information, source of information, direct link to the information and bibliographic references that support the consideration of the different indicators); while the second tab (suffixes "_variables") contains the values of the different indicators (identified by their codes, which appear in the first tab) for each unit of analysis. </p>
Time Series Analysis of a Daytime Urban Heat Island in Dar es Salaam Metropolitan Areas.
<p>The study aimed to determine the existing linear influence levels of various causative factors of Urban Heat Island (UHI) by using Geographically Weighted Regression Model (GWR) that determines non-stationarity by generating a new equation for each sample size. Urban heat island occurs when higher temperatures reside in urban areas compared to surrounding areas due to the replacement of natural vegetation with construction materials during development purposes. Time Series with Linear Regression was used to determine the linearity between dependent and independent variables. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) products such as MOD11A1, MCD43A1, MOD09A1 and MOD13A1 were used to acquire Land Surface Temperature (LST), Albedo, Indexed-Based Built-Up Index (IBI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) respectively. In-situ datasets of the wind speed were acquired from Tanzania Meteorological Agency (TMA). UHI was observed to have a non-linear trend with IBI and wind speed and a linear trend with Albedo and EVI. The strongest values of UHI were observed at the city center, IBI was observed as a leading causative factor by having a non-lineality influence of 0.023 followed by Albedo, wind speed and EVI with an influence of 0.019, 0.016 and -0.015 respectively. Since IBI and Albedo contribute more to the development of heat island, urban residents should be encouraged to use construction materials with a lower absorption rate of solar energy.</p>
Proportion of natural areas within a defined urban zone
<p>Share of the sum of natural and naturalized areas to the total area in UNaLab front-runner cities Tampere, Eindhoven and Genova.</p>
Dataset for: Supplementation of seasonal natural resources with year-round anthropogenic resources by coyotes in natural fragments within a high-density urban area.
<p>Dataset for: Supplementation of seasonal natural resources with year-round anthropogenic resources by coyotes in natural fragments within a high-density urban area. (Pending publication in Wildlife Biology as of 02/24/2023)</p>
Wide-Area Geolocalization with a Limited Field of View Camera in Challenging Urban Environments Dataset
<p>Rectified imagery with latitude and longitude tags for paths driven throughout Cambridge and Boston, MA in November 2022. Faces and license plates have been blurred for anonymity. Dataset created for “Wide-Area Geolocalization with a Limited Field of View Camera in Challenging Urban Environments” paper, currently under review in IEEE Transactions on Robotics. Lena M. Downes is a Draper Scholar at MIT.</p>
Species richness and nativity of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in urban and suburban areas of Kingston, Jamaica
<p>The dataset contains the raw data for the paper on the species richness and nativity of ants in urban and suburban areas of Kingston, Jamaica.</p>
Data from: Supplementation of seasonal natural resources with year-round anthropogenic resources by coyotes in natural fragments within a high-density urban area
<p>Coyotes (<em>Canis latrans</em>) in urban landscapes provide important food web functions and ecological services but can also trigger human-wildlife conflict when their diet includes anthropogenic resources or domestic pets. As adaptable omnivores, coyotes adjust their diet to their environment, routinely switching among food items to accommodate spatial and seasonal differences in availability. To evaluate coyotes' potential impacts within the food web of urban Long Beach, California where human-wildlife conflict involving coyotes may occur, we analyzed 115 scat samples collected once every two weeks from two open space fragments inside the urban matrix. We hypothesized that differences in scat composition would correlate with seasonal and site differences, with greater use of anthropogenic resources during the dry season supplementing lower prey availability, and greater consumption of wild mammal prey during the wet season when rabbits and small mammals reproduce. We found coyote diet was predominately composed of natural prey and vegetation year-round. Mammals made up more of the coyote diet in the wet season than the dry, while arthropods and vegetation occurred more in dry season scats. Coyotes relied on rabbits as their main prey year-round across all sites. Domestic cats (<em>Felis catus</em>) were the third most common individual prey species found in coyote scats; we did not find evidence of domestic dog (<em>Canis lupus familiaris</em>) consumption. The overall frequency of mammalian remains did not differ across sites but did differ across sites for other prey types. While there is a potential for human-wildlife conflict in coyote's consumption of feral or domestic cats, coyotes may also be providing an ecological service by reducing cats in natural habitat fragments.</p>
Data from: Concrete survivors: The herpetofauna of an urban green area over 100 years of increasing urbanization
<p><span>The goal of our study was to evaluate changes in the assemblage of reptiles in an urban habitat over 100 years of increasing urbanization, aiming to identify which ecological attributes allowed the persistence of species that can be found in the area today. To accomplish that, we accessed historical records in two important scientific collections for the study area and carried out fieldwork to access the current reptile assemblage in an urban green area, in São Paulo, Brazil. The dataset presented here is the result of all individuals collected in the study area between 1908 and 2019, including also the animals collected by the authors during the fieldwork carried out in 2016 and preserved in the collection. </span></p>
Data from: Not all mammalian small carnivores are equal: A global review of the research effort in urban areas
<p>Human population increase and anthropogenic land-use changes are impacting biodiversity globally. Information on their impacts on urban wildlife is becoming increasingly apparent. Despite an increasing trend in urban wildlife studies, a systematic assessment of mammalian small carnivores in urban areas is lacking. We evaluated urban studies in international peer-reviewed journals using a systematic review process. We assessed urban wildlife publications from 1970–2021 to quantify trends over time regarding the taxonomic family and geographical focus of publications across the globe. Urban small carnivore studies have increased progressively through the decades, with 87.2% of all studies conducted in the last 20 years. Geographically, we found that small carnivore studies were disproportionately conducted, with 77.0% of all studies taking place in either North America (46.5%) or Europe (30.5%). Furthermore, the United States of America (39.8%) and the United Kingdom (11.4%) contributed to 51.2% of all studies focused on small carnivores. We found seven carnivore families represented in urban studies, consisting of 76 species. Two canid species, <em>Vulpes vulpes</em> (21.9%) and <em>Canis latrans</em> (16.9%), accounted for 38.8% of all studies conducted on urban small carnivores. The majority of studies took place in mixed or urban areas (79.8%), with suburban and exurban zones explored to a lesser extent (16.6%). Animal behaviour was the most studied scientific topic (24.6%), with the least being species conservation (0.3%). Critical gaps persist in the research of small mammalian carnivores, particularly in rapidly urbanising areas of Asia, Africa, and South America. While the field of urban ecology will certainly continue to advance, we urge future research to adopt a multi-disciplinary stance that explores the landscape transitional zones, from the periphery of the urban core (sub-urban, peri-urban, and exurban) into natural systems; or urban mosaic landscapes with natural and managed green spaces as refugia. The importance of urban fringe and margin areas for small carnivores remains largely unclear.</p>
GRASS GIS Location for urban growth case study in Triangle area, NC, USA
<p>GRASS GIS Location containing data prepared for a FUTURES urban growth modeling case study for the broader Raleigh-Durham area in North Carolina, USA. Contains NLCD 2001-2019 (land cover for all years; 2001 and 2019 impervious descriptor), county boundaries, USGS DEM, PAD-US protected areas.</p>
Community attachment as a factor in the subjective well-being of older adults in urban and rural areas: A case study in Tokyo, Osaka, and Shikoku region in Japan
<p>This study explored the relationship between community participation/community attachment and subjective well-being (SWB) among Japanese older adults. The study was conducted in Japanese urban (Tokyo and Osaka) and rural (Shikoku region) areas. Structural equation modelling was performed to assess the potential relationship between community participation, community attachment and SWB. Results showed that community participation and community attachment were positively associated in both areas. However, community attachment had a significant impact on SWB only in rural areas with little impact on increasing SWB in urban areas. We conclude that the role of community attachment varies according to regions with different socioeconomic properties. These findings contribute to the design of detailed region-specific initiatives to improve SWB of older adults.</p>
Dataset for study Long-term changes in urban bird populations: correspondence of the trends between urban and rural areas
<p>Dataset used for a study "Long-term changes in urban bird populations: correspondence of the trends between urban and rural areas"</p> <p>Data structure:</p> <p>Type = type of environment (R - rural, U - urban)<br> POID = unique identifier of each census point across all transects<br> Transect = unique identifier of a transect (each contains 20 census points)<br> Point = unique identifier of a point within one transect<br> Year = year of the count<br> Species = scientific name of bird species<br> Count = number of birds counted</p> <p>Each species has its own datafile.</p>
Dataset used in the study "Urban microclimate simulations based on GIS data to mitigate thermal hot-spots: Tree design scenarios in an industrial area of Florence"
<p>This dataset repository includes input and output spatial data of urban microclimate simulations performed through QGIS and ENVI-met software used in the study "Urban microclimate simulations based on GIS data to mitigate thermal hot-spots: Tree design scenarios in an industrial area of Florence", published in the Building and Environment Journal, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.110854">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.110854</a>.</p>
Urban natural areas forest carbon
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Integrating forest inventory and LiDAR observations to uncover the role of plant traits on cooling and humidifying effects in urban areas
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.