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599 results for “Volatile”
GCMS chromatogram: volatile compounds
<p>Supplementary material for the article </p> <p><strong>Authenticity of wines produced from ‘Frankovka’ grape variety originating in the Modré hory region (Czech Republic)</strong></p>
Measurement report: Unexpected high volatile organic compounds emission from vehicles on the Tibetan Plateau Dataset
<p>This dataset includes various emission profiles and related data, specifically:</p> <ol> <li> <p><strong>Source Profile Data at Different Altitudes</strong>.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Emission Factor Data</strong>.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Emission Ratio Data</strong>.</p> </li> <li><strong>Source Profile Data from PMF Source Apportionment</strong>: Data obtained through Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF), revealing the composition of emission sources.</li> <li> <p><strong>Average Profiles of Gasoline Vapors</strong>: Derived from sealed housing evaporative determination (SHED) tests, with references 1-7.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Average Profiles of Gasoline Vehicle Exhaust</strong>: Based on dynamometer tests, with references 2, 8-13.</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>Average Profiles of Vehicular Emissions</strong>: Collected from low-altitude tunnel measurements, reflecting emissions in real-world driving scenarios, with references 14-24.</p> </li> </ol>
Environmental decomposition of olefinic cuticular hydrocarbons of Periplaneta americana generates a volatile pheromone that guides social behaviour
<p>Once emitted, semiochemicals are exposed to reactive environmental factors that may alter them, thus disrupting chemical communication. Some species, however, might have adapted to detect environmentally mediated breakdown products of their natural chemicals as semiochemicals. We demonstrate that air, water vapour and ultraviolet (UV) radiation break down unsaturated cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) of Periplaneta americana (American cockroach), resulting in the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In behavioural assays, nymphs strongly avoided aggregating in shelters exposed to the breakdown VOCs from cuticular alkenes. The three treatments (air, water<br> vapour, UV) produced the same VOCs, but at different time-courses and ratios. Fourteen VOCs from UV-exposed CHCs elicited electrophysiological responses in nymph antennae; 10 were identified as 2-nonanone, 1-pentanol, 1-octanol, 1-nonanol, tetradecanal, acetic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid, pentanoic acid and hexanoic acid. When short-chain fatty acids were tested as a mix and a blend of the alcohols and aldehyde was tested as a second mix, nymphs exhibited no preference for control or treated shelters. However, nymphs avoided shelters that were exposed to VOCs from the complete 10-compound mix. Conditioned shelters (occupied by cockroaches with faeces and CHCs deposited on the shelters), which are normally highly attractive to nymphs, were also avoided after UV exposure, confirming that breakdown products from deposited metabolites, including CHCs,mediate this behaviour. Our results demonstrate that common environmental agents degrade CHCs into behaviourally active volatile compounds that potentially may serve as necromones or epideictic pheromones, mediating group dissolution.</p>
Evolutionary changes in an invasive plant support the defensive role of plant volatiles
<p>It is increasingly evident that plants interact with their outside world through the production of volatile organic compounds, but whether the volatiles have evolved to serve in plant defense is still a topic of considerable debate. Unharmed leaves constitutively release small amounts of volatiles, but when the leaves are damaged by herbivorous arthropods, they emit substantially more volatiles. These herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) attract parasitoids and predators that kill insect herbivores, and this can benefit the plants. As yet, however, there is no tangible evolutionary evidence that this tritrophic interplay contributes to the selection forces that have shaped the volatile emissions of plants. With this in mind, we investigated the evolutionary changes in volatile emissions in invasive common ragwort and the respective defensive roles of its constitutive and inducible volatiles. This Eurasian plant has invaded other continents, where it evolved for many generations in the absence of specialized herbivores and their natural enemies. We found that, compared to native ragworts, invasive plants release higher levels of constitutive volatiles but considerably lower levels of herbivore-induced volatiles. As a consequence, invasive ragwort is more attractive to a specialist moth but avoided by an unadapted generalist moth. Importantly, conforming to the indirect defense hypothesis, a specialist parasitoid was much more attracted to caterpillar-damaged native ragwort, which was reflected in higher parasitism rates in a field trial. The evolution of foliar volatile emissions appears to be indeed driven by their direct and indirect roles in defenses against insects.</p>
Multiply improved positive matrix factorization for source apportionment of volatile organic compounds during the COVID-19 shutdown in Tianjin, China
<p>This dataset contains the input and output data of the multiple PMF for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) source apportionment in the suburbs of Tianjin, China, during the outbreak of COVID-19 period (November 2019 to March 2020).</p>
Data from: Volatile fatty acid concentration, soil pH and soil texture during anaerobic soil conditions affect germination of Athelia (Sclerotium) rolfsii sclerotia
<p>Anaerobic growth chamber trials were conducted to evaluate effects of VFA and VFA concentration, and interactions with soil pH and soil texture, on <i>A. rolfsii</i> sclerotia germination. In the first objective, sclerotia were exposed to 4, 8, or 16 mmol/kg soil of acetic or <i>n</i>-butyric acids in sandy soil; soil pH was buffered to 5, 6, or 7. In the second objective, sclerotia in sandy or sandy loam soil were exposed to 4 or 16 mmol VFA/kg soil at soil pH 5 or 6. VFAs are probable important factors in <i>A. rolfsii </i>suppression<i> </i>due to ASD treatment in many soil environments, and activity is dependent on VFA concentration, soil solution pH, and soil texture.</p>
Broad diversity in monoterpene-sesquiterpene balance across wild sunflowers: implications of leaf and floral volatiles for biotic interactions
<p>• <strong>Premise of the study:</strong> As plant lineages diversify across environmental gradients, species are predicted to encounter divergent biotic pressures. This study investigates the evolution of volatile secondary metabolism across <em>Helianthus</em> genus. <br>• <strong>Methods:</strong> Leaves and petals of 40 species of wild <em>Helianthus</em> were analyzed via gas chromatography-mass-spectrometry to describe volatile secondary metabolite profiles. <br>• <strong>Key results:</strong> Across all species, 500 compounds were identified including 40% sesquiterpenes, 18% monoterpenes, 3% diterpenes, 4% fatty acid derivatives, and 35% other compounds such as phenolics and small organic compounds. Qualitatively, annuals and species from more arid western climates had leaf compositions with a higher proportion of total monoterpenes, while erect perennials and species from more mesic eastern habitats contained a higher proportion of total sesquiterpenes. Among species, mass-based leaf monoterpene and sesquiterpene abundance were identified as largely orthogonal axes of variation by principal components analysis. Leaf and petal profiles were not strongly correlated. <br>• <strong>Conclusions:</strong> Wide diversity in volatile metabolism was observed among wild <em>Helianthus</em>, indicating value of this genus as a model system, and a rich genetic resource. The independence of leaf and petal volatile profiles indicates a low level of phenotypic integration between vegetative and reproductive structures, implying vegetative defense and reproductive defense or pollinator attraction functions mediated by terpenoid profiles in these two organs can evolve without major tradeoffs. The major biosynthetic pathways manufacturing major terpenoids identified in wild <em>Helianthus </em>have been well described to date, providing a road map to deeper inquiry into the drivers of this diversity.</p>
Volatile compounds of five mangrove species and parts
<p><span>Mangrove plants contain a variety of secondary metabolites, which are important for their survival and adaptation to the coastal environment, as well as for producing bioactive compounds. To reveal differences in mangrove volatile</span><span>s</span><span>, </span><span>a </span><span>GC-MS </span><span>method</span><span> was </span><span>built</span> <span>up</span> <span>and</span><span> used to analyze and identify five mangrove species' leaf, root, and stem. </span><span>The relative content and type of volatile compounds were counted and compared, and their pathway enrichment analysis was p</span><span>erformed. The results showed that 5</span><span>32 compounds were detected in the l</span><span>eaf, root, and stem parts of five mangrove species, which </span><span>were</span><span> grouped into 18 classes including alcohols, aldehydes, alkaloids, alkanes, etc. The number of compounds found was from 41 to 86 in each part of five mangrove species, <em>A</em>. <em>corniculatum</em> leaves and <em>A</em>. <em>marina</em> roots contained a maximum of 86 compounds. 247 compounds were found in <em>A</em>. <em>corniculatum</em>, 245 in <em>K</em>. <em>candel</em>, and 240 in <em>A</em>. <em>marina</em>. Roots, stems, and leaves each had 399, 342, and 339 compounds. There were 40 unique compounds in <em>A</em>. <em>corniculatum</em> leaves, and 39 in <em>A</em>. <em>corniculatum</em> stems.</span> <span>71 common compounds occurring in more than two species or organ parts were analyzed by PLS-DA model. Compared w</span><span>it</span><span>h the contents and compositions of their compounds, <em>A</em>. <em>ilicifolius</em> and <em>B</em>. <em>gymnorrhiza</em> differed significantly from the other species</span><span>, </span><span>while the leaves differed significantly from the other parts. </span><span>Unique compounds and common compounds were found to have a significant difference in composition and concentration between species and parts based on the results of one-way analysis of variance, principal component analysis, and hierarchical clustering analysis. </span><span>VIP screening and pathway enrichment analysis were performed </span><span>on</span><span> 17 common compounds closely related to mangrove tree species or parts</span><span>, and </span><span>these compounds </span><span>were involved in metabolic pathways of C10 isoprenoids, C15 isoprenoids, fatty alcohols, etc. These findings might help in the development of genetic varieties and medicinal utilization of mangrove plants.</span></p>
Development of volatility distributions for organic matter in biomass burning emissions
<p>We present a novel filter-in-tube sorbent tube method to collect S/I-VOC samples from a range of biomass burning experiments and find that volatility distributions are relatively consistent with prior findings and across the tested combustion types.</p>
Data for: Drought impairs herbivore-induced volatiles, but not through constraints on newly assimilated carbon
<p>Volatile terpenes serve multiple biological roles including tree resistance against herbivores. The increased frequency and severity of drought stress observed in forests across the globe may hinder trees from producing defense-related volatiles in response to biotic stress. To assess how drought-induced physiological stress alters volatile emissions alone and in combination with a biotic challenge, we monitored pre-dawn water potential, gas exchange, needle terpene concentrations, and terpene volatile emissions of ponderosa pine (<em>Pinus ponderosa</em>) saplings during three periods of drought and in response to simulated herbivory via methyl jasmonate application. Although three-, six-, and seven-week drought treatments reduced net photosynthetic rates by 20%, 89%, and 105%, respectively, the magnitude of volatile fluxes remained generally resistant to drought. Herbivore-induced emissions, however, exhibited threshold-like behavior; saplings were unable to induce emissions above constitutive levels when pre-dawn water potentials were below the approximate zero-assimilation point. By comparing compositional shifts in emissions to needle terpene concentrations, we found evidence that drought effects on constitutive and herbivore-induced volatile flux and composition are primarily via constraints on the <em>de novo</em> fraction, suggesting that reduced photosynthesis during drought limits the carbon substrate available for <em>de novo</em> volatile synthesis. However, results from a subsequent <sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> pulse-chase labeling experiment then confirmed that both constitutive (<3% labeled) and herbivore-induced (<8% labeled) <em>de novo</em> emissions from ponderosa pine are synthesized predominantly from older carbon sources with little contribution from new photosynthates. Taken together, we provide evidence that in ponderosa pine, drought does not constrain herbivore-induced <em>de novo</em> emissions through substrate limitation via reduced photosynthesis, but rather, through more sophisticated molecular and/or biophysical mechanisms that manifest as saplings reach the zero-assimilation point. These results highlight the importance of considering drought severity when assessing impacts on the herbivore-induced response and suggest that drought-altered volatile metabolism constrains induced emissions once a physiological threshold is surpassed.</p>
Products and Models for "Volatile-to-sulfur Ratios Can Recover a Gas Giant's Accretion History"
<p>The newfound ability to detect SO2 in exoplanet atmospheres and presents an opportunity to measure sulfur abundances and so directly test between competing modes of planet formation. To explore the detectability of SO2 in<br> transmission spectra and its ability to diagnose planet formation, we present a grid of atmospheric photochemical models and corresponding synthetic spectra for WASP-39b (where SO2 has recently been detected). Our grid contains 2,662 model atmospheres: spanning 1-100x the solar abundance ratios of C, O, and S (11^3 combinations of abundances) and for two thermal profiles: corresponding to the morning and evening terminators. We also provide 3,993 synthetic spectra: one for each of the morning and evening terminators, plus a set of spectra that are the<br> mean of the morning and evening spectra (corresponding to the transmission spectrum that would be observed during transit).</p> <p>If you use these files, please cite Crossfield (2023).</p> <p> </p> <p>The transmission spectra are simple two-column CSV files -- wavelength in microns, and transit depth. The model atmospheres are in Python pickle format, and are the standard output of the VULCAN photochemistry code. The several data sets are:</p> <ul> <li>wasp39_mean_spectra.tar.gz -- average terminator spectra. <strong>Use this for comparing to full-transit observations.</strong></li> <li>wasp39_morning_spectra.tar.gz -- spectra corresponding to the morning-terminator models.</li> <li>wasp39_evening_spectra.tar.gz -- spectra corresponding to the evening-terminator models.</li> <li>wasp39_evening_profiles.tar.gz -- model atmospheres and chemical profiles for the evening-terminator thermal profile.</li> <li>wasp39_morning_profiles.tar.gz -- model atmospheres and chemical profiles for the morning-terminator thermal profile.</li> </ul> <p>All filenames are of the form</p> <p>wasp39b_tsai23-Kzz_SNCHO_10x_z83_C7.5_N10.0_O100.0_S18.0__morn_transmission.csv</p> <ul> <li>wasp39b -- planet name</li> <li>tsai23-Kzz -- using Kzz (eddy diffusion) profile from Tsai et al. (2023)</li> <li>SNCHO -- using the VULCAN code's SNCHO chemistry network</li> <li>10x -- all elements (aside from SNCHO) are set to 10x Solar abundances</li> <li>z83 -- zenith angle set to 83 degrees</li> <li>C7.5 -- the scaling of the Carbon abundance relative to Solar; in this case, 7.5x</li> <li>N10.0 -- the scaling of the Nitrogren abundance relative to Solar (10x for all models)</li> <li>O100.0 -- the scaling of the Oxygen abundance relative to Solar; in this case, 100x</li> <li>S18.0 -- the scaling of the Sulfur abundance relative to Solar; in this case, 18x</li> <li>morn -- morning terminator thermal profile, from Tsai et al. (2023). Options are 'morn', 'eve', 'morn-eve-mean'</li> <li>transmission.csv -- indicates a transmission spectrum file. Other option is 'vulcan-output.vul'</li> </ul> <p> </p>
Insect Odorant Binding Protein Dataset of Binding Affinities against Volatile Organic Compounds
<p>This is an archival version of the initial iOBPdb dataset of insect odorant binding protein binding affinities against volatile organic compounds. It contains 181 functional studies containing 382 unique OBPs from 91 insect species for 622 individual VOC targets.</p>
The floral volatiles of Aquilegia coerulea for three populations grown at two water and temperature regimes, together with day and evening emission
<p><em>Premise of the study</em>: Shifts in abiotic factors can affect many plant traits, including floral volatiles. This study examines the response of floral volatiles to water availability, and whether phenotypic plasticity to water differs among populations. Furthermore, it investigates genetic differentiation in floral volatiles, determines the effect of temperature on phenotypic plasticity to water, and assesses temporal variation in floral scent emission between day and evening, since pollinator visitation differs at those times.</p> <p><em>Methods</em>:<em> </em>Rocky Mountain columbine plants (<em>Aquilegia coerulea</em>), started from seeds collected in three wild populations in Colorado, Utah, and Arizona, were grown under two water treatments in a greenhouse in Madison, Wisconsin, USA. One population was also grown under the two water treatments, at two temperatures. Air samples were collected from enclosed flowers using dynamic headspace methods and floral volatiles were identified and quantified by gas chromatography (GC) with mass spectrometry (MS) detection.</p> <p><em>Key Results</em>: Emission of three floral volatiles increased in the wetter environment, indicating phenotypic plasticity. The response of six floral volatiles to water differed among populations, suggesting genetic differentiation in phenotypic plasticity. Five floral volatiles varied among populations, and emission of most floral volatiles was greater during the day.</p> <p><em>Conclusions</em>: Phenotypic plasticity to water permits a quick response of floral volatiles in changing environments. The genetic differentiation in phenotypic plasticity suggests that phenotypic plasticity can evolve but complicates predictions of the effects of environmental changes on a plant and its pollinators.</p>
Volatile traps as a new supplementary method of light trap for assessing diversity and composition of Macroheterocera assemblages - RAW Data
<p>Volatile traps as a new supplementary method of light trap for assessing diversity and composition of Macroheterocera assemblages - RAW Data</p>
Long-term variations of ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from 2016 to 2020 in Beijing, China
<p>Ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are crucial precursors for the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and ozone (O<sub>3</sub>). We have conducted in-situ observations and compiled a comprehensive dataset of ambient volatile organic compound (VOC) compositions and concentrations in Beijing, China, spanning the period from 2016 to 2020. The dataset covers a wide range of VOC species including 29 alkanes, 11 alkenes, 1 alkyne, 16 aromatics, 28 halohydrocarbons, 13 oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs), and 1 nitrogenous VOC (acetonitrile). The presentation and analysis of this dataset is available in a paper submitted to Earth System Science Data (Simon et al, in prep). The findings and analysis of this dataset have been documented in a paper that has been submitted to Earth System Science Data (Liu et al., in prep).</p> <p>If you use the dataset for related scientific research, please cite the corresponding reference:</p> <p> Liu et al (in prep); Long-term variations of ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from 2016 to 2020 in Beijing, China; Earth System Science Data.</p>
Germplasm diversity of sunflower volatile terpenoid profiles across vegetative and reproductive organs
<p>Cultivated sunflower (<em>Helianthus</em> <em>annuus</em>) is the fourth most important oilseed crop globally and is known to have experienced multiple genetic bottlenecks during domestication and improvement. Homogenization of crop germplasm may limit breeding efforts to improve pest and pathogen resistance or optimize other biotic interactions like pollinator attraction. Such interactions are often strongly influenced by plant phytochemistry, especially volatile compounds like terpenoids. Here we use solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry (SPME GC-MS) to evaluate volatile phytochemistry across leaves, involucral bracts, disc florets, and ray floret petals in a collection of twelve inbred lines selected to represent a cross-section of sunflower germplasm diversity. Results indicate considerable compositional diversity of volatiles among lines, though substantial reduction in total volatile abundance relative to wild <em>H. annuus</em>. From leaves and bracts to disc florets and petals, we observe a strong increase in the proportion of monoterpenoids relative to sesquiterpenoids accompanying the transition to reproductive structures, with consistently over 85% monoterpenoids in disc florets and petals. This pattern is driven by substantially higher production of monoterpenoids (especially alpha-pinene and sabinene) in reproductive structures. Sesquiterpenoid production is roughly similar across organs, and in leaves varies among lines from 21–55% of volatiles, dominated by cadinene-type sesquiterpenoids. This work suggests that the compositional diversity of volatile terpenoids within cultivated germplasm may be sufficient for many breeding applications, though for breeding increased volatile production the use of wild <em>H. annuus</em> and other wild <em>Helianthus</em> germplasm may be necessary.</p>
The EPigenetic Consequences in Children of Intravenous vs Volatile Anaesthesia for Surgery (EPIVA)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05936853. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 15.
Data from: Feeding and damage-induced volatile cues make beetles disperse and produce a more even distribution of damage for sagebrush
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Data from: Far red light increases maize volatile emissions in response to volatile cues from neighboring plants
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Data from: Spatial scale, neighbouring plants and variation in plant volatiles interactively determine the strength of host-parasitoid relationships
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