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Fig. 4 in The early gephuroceratid ammonoids from the Roteisenstein Formation of Dillenburg (Cephalopoda, Ammonoidea)

Fig. 4. Specimens of Pseudoprobeloceras Bensaïd, 1974 and Ponticeras Matern, 1929; reproductions from Wedekind (1918). A. Pseudoprobeloceras pernai (Wedekind, 1918), lectotype SMF.Mbg.2322 (Welsch 1912 Coll.) from Oberscheld (Prinzkessel Mine). B. Pseudoprobeloceras applanatum (Wedekind, 1918), holotype SMF.Mbg.2323 (Welsch Coll.) from Oberscheld (Prinzkessel Mine). C. Pseudoprobeloceras pernai (Wedekind, 1918), holotype SMF.Mbg.2326 (Welsch 1913 Coll.) of "Gephyroceras Barroisi" from Oberscheld (Prinzkessel Mine). D. Ponticeras aequabile (Beyrich, 1837), holotype SMF.Mbg.2324 (Meuhsen 1855 Coll.) of "Gephyroceras Kayseri" from Oberscheld

Fig. 2 in The early gephuroceratid ammonoids from the Roteisenstein Formation of Dillenburg (Cephalopoda, Ammonoidea)

Fig. 2. Givetian and Frasnian ammonoid stratigraphy (after Becker & House 2000), probable extent of the Red Ironstone of Dillenburg and probable position of the ammonoid assemblages described here.

Fig. 11 in The early gephuroceratid ammonoids from the Roteisenstein Formation of Dillenburg (Cephalopoda, Ammonoidea)

Fig. 11. Ponticeras materni sp. nov. A. Holotype MB.C.22159 (Koch Coll.) from Oberscheld (Volpertseiche Mine). B. Paratype MB.C.22175 (Zimmermann 1936 Coll.) from Oberscheld (Prinzkessel

Fig. 5 in The early gephuroceratid ammonoids from the Roteisenstein Formation of Dillenburg (Cephalopoda, Ammonoidea)

Fig. 5. Pseudoprobeloceras pernai (Wedekind, 1918). A. Specimen MB.C.30418, probably from Oberscheld. B. Specimen MB.C.22164 (Etzold 1910 Coll.) from Oberscheld ("Tiefe Grube"). C. Specimen MB.C.4287 (Fremdling 1922 Coll.) from Oberscheld (Prinzkessel Mine). D. Specimen MB.C.7696 (Erbreich Coll.) from Oberscheld. E. Specimen MB.C.30417.1 (Etzold 1910 Coll.) from

Fig. 21 in The early gephuroceratid ammonoids from the Roteisenstein Formation of Dillenburg (Cephalopoda, Ammonoidea)

Fig. 21. Acanthoclymenia planorbis (Sandberger & Sandberger, 1851).A. Lectotype 46a in the Wiesbaden collection from Oberscheld; photograph and reproduction of the figure of Sandberger & Sandberger (1850–1856: pl. 9 fig. 3a). B. Paratype 46b in the Wiesbaden collection from Oberscheld; photograph and reproduction of the figure of Sandberger & Sandberger (1850–1856: pl. 9 fig. 3). C. Probably lost specimen; photograph and reproduction of the figure of Sandberger & Sandberger (1850–1856: pl. 9

Fig. 16 in The early gephuroceratid ammonoids from the Roteisenstein Formation of Dillenburg (Cephalopoda, Ammonoidea)

Fig. 16. Koenenites lamellosus (Sandberger & Sandberger, 1851). A. Lectotype 40a in the Wiesbaden collection from Nanzenbach. B. Lectotype 40a, reproduction of the figure of Sandberger & Sandberger (1850–1856: pl. 8 fig. 1). C. Probably lost specimen, original of "Goniatites sublamellosus", reproduction of the figure of Sandberger & Sandberger (1850–1856: pl. 6 fig. 2, 2a). D. Paratype 40b in the Wiesbaden collection from Nanzenbach. E. Paratype 40b, reproduction of the figure of Sandberger & Sandberger (1850–1856: pl. 8 fig. 1a–1c). F. Suture line of paratype 40b, reproduction of the figure of Sandberger &

Fig. 20 in The early gephuroceratid ammonoids from the Roteisenstein Formation of Dillenburg (Cephalopoda, Ammonoidea)

Fig. 20. Acanthoclymenia forcipifera (Sandberger & Sandberger, 1851), all Koch Coll from Oberscheld (Anna Mine). A. Specimen MB.C.22199.1. B. Specimen MB.C.30433.1. C. Specimen MB.C.30433.2.

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Figure 6 in High-resolution stratigraphy of the Changhsingian (Late Permian) successions of NW Iran and the Transcaucasus based on lithological features, conodonts and ammonoids

Figure 6. Characteristic Changhsingian conodonts from the Julfa region (scale bars equal to 100 µm); all specimens stored in the collection of the Ferdowsi University, Mashhad. (A) Clarkina orientalis (Barskov and Koroleva, 1970); FUM#1J192.1; upper Julfa beds (Vedioceras beds), Ali Bashi 1 section. (B) Clarkina subcarinata Sweet, 1973; FUM#4J142.8; Zal Member (Ali Bashi Formation), Ali Bashi 4 section. (C) Clarkina changxingensis Wang and Wang, 1981; FUM#4J153.1; Zal Member (Ali Bashi Formation), Ali Bashi 4 section. (D) Clarkina bachmanni Kozur, 2004; FUM#AJ185.23; Paratirolites Limestone (Ali Bashi Formation), Aras Valley section. (E) Clarkina nodosa Kozur, 2004; FUM#G249.16; Paratirolites Limestone (Ali Bashi Formation), Ali Bashi M section. (F) Clarkina yini Mei, 1998; FUM#AJ192.4; Paratirolites Limestone (Ali Bashi Formation), Aras Valley section. (G) Clarkina abadehensis Kozur, 2004; FUM#1J248.9; Paratirolites Limestone (Ali Bashi Formation), Ali Bashi 1 section. (H) Clarkina hauschkei Kozur, 2004, FUM#1J249D.9; Paratirolites Limestone (Ali Bashi Formation), Ali Bashi 1 section. (I) Hindeodus eurypyge Nicoll, Metcalfe and Wang, 2002, FUM#1J255.7 (cusp broken); Zal Member (Ali Bashi Formation), Ali Bashi 1 section. (J) Hindeodus typicalis Sweet, 1970, FUM#G233.5; Paratirolites Limestone (Ali Bashi Formation), Ali Bashi M section. (K) Hindeodus typicalis Sweet, 1970, FUM#4J200.56; Paratirolites Limestone (Ali Bashi Formation), Ali Bashi 4 section. (L) Hindeodus julfensis Sweet, 1973, FUM#1J198.4; Zal Member (Ali Bashi Formation), Ali Bashi 4 section. (M) Hindeodus praeparvus Kozur, 1996, FUM#G274.6 (cusp broken); Aras Member (Elikah Formation), Ali Bashi M section. (N) Hindeodus changxingensis Wang, 1995, FUM#4J201.6 (cusp broken); Aras Member (Elikah Formation), Ali Bashi 4 section. (O) Merrillina ultima Kozur, 2004, FUM#AJ204.13; Aras Member (Elikah Formation), Aras Valley section. (P) Hindeodus parvus Kozur and Pjatakova, 1976, FUM#4J213.1; Elikah Formation; Ali Bashi 4 section.

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Figure 5 in High-resolution stratigraphy of the Changhsingian (Late Permian) successions of NW Iran and the Transcaucasus based on lithological features, conodonts and ammonoids

Figure 5. The correlation of the conodont schemes by Kozur (2005, 2007), Shen and Mei (2010) and own results with the ammonoid stratigraphy by Shevyrev (1965) and own results.

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Figure 7 in High-resolution stratigraphy of the Changhsingian (Late Permian) successions of NW Iran and the Transcaucasus based on lithological features, conodonts and ammonoids

Figure 7. Characteristic Changhsingian ammonoids from the Julfa region (scale bars equal to 5 mm); all specimens stored in the collection of the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin. (A) Phisonites triangulus Shevyrev, 1965 from the Aras Valley section, specimen MB.C.22703; × 1.0. (B) Iranites transcaucasius (Shevyrev, 1965) from the Aras Valley section, specimen MB.C.22704; × 1.0. (C) Dzhulfites nodosus Shevyrev, 1965 from the Aras Valley section, specimen MB.C.22705; × 1.0. (D) Shevyrevites nodosus Shevyrev, 1965 from the Aras Valley section, specimen MB.C.22706; × 1.0. (E) Paratirolites trapezoidalis Shevyrev, 1965 from the Ali Bashi 4 section, specimen MB.C.22707; × 0.75. (F) Stoyanowites dieneri (Stoyanow, 1910) from the Aras Valley section, specimen MB.C.22708; × 1.0. (G) Paratirolites vediensis Shevyrev, 1965 from the Ali Bashi N section, specimen MB.C.22709; × 0.75. (H) Abichites stoyanowi (Kiparisova, 1947) from the Ali Bashi N section, specimen MB.C.22710; × 1.25. (I) Arasella minuta (Zakharov, 1983) from the Ali Bashi N section, specimen MB.C.22711; × 1.25.

Fig. 20 in The dorsal shell wall structure of Mesozoic ammonoids

Fig. 20. Construction of the complete dorsal shell wall of Amaltheidae (A, lateral view, growth direction to the bottom; B, C, transversal section, centrifugal). A. Amaltheus cf. margaritatus de Monfort, 1808, BSPG MAn-100, late Pliensbachian, Jurassic, Eype Mouth, Dorset, England; a spiral ornament covers the overlap area of two whorls; the succeeding whorl was removed. The coated venter of the preceding whorl shows the typical pattern of several spiral lines. B. Amaltheus margaritatus de Monfort, 1808, BSPG MAn-4798, late Pliensbachian, Jurassic, Buttenheim, Bavaria, SE Germany; B1, the dorsal shell wall consists of an outer spiral ornament and inner bunches of prismatic sub-layers that correspond to the dorsal nacreous layer and the dorsal inner prismatic layer; B2, the dorsal nacreous layer transforms into prismatic layers; B3, close-up of B2. C. Pleuroceras salebrosum Hyatt, 1867, BSPG MAn-4804, late Pliensbachian, Jurassic, Buttenheim, Bavaria, SE Germany; the dorsal shell wall forms a spiral ornament. Abbreviations: dipl, dorsal inner prismatic layer; dncl, dorsal nacreous layer; if, infilling; ipl, inner prismatic layer; ncl, nacreous layer; s, septum; so, spiral ornament.

Fig. 15 in The dorsal shell wall structure of Mesozoic ammonoids

Fig. 15. Construction of the nacreous reduced dorsal shell wall (A, median section, growth direction to the left, centrifugal; B, C, transversal section, centrifugal). A. Kepplerites galilaeii (Oppel, 1862), BSPG MAn-4783, early Callovian, Jurassic, Znamenka on Unzha River, Russia; a thickening of the secondary dorsal nacreous layer compensates the rib relief; the layer thickens in the rib concavitie, but thins at the rib crest (compare Fig. 12B). B. Kosmoceras (Kosmoceras) cf. duncani (Sowerby, 1816), BSPG MAn-4788, late Callovian, Jurassic, Dubki near Saratov, Russia; B1, the spines (vsw) are overgrown by a thick dorsal shell wall (dsw) which forms nacreous portions; B2, close-up of B1; at the left flank of the spine a nacreous portion occurs in the dorsal shell wall. C. Speetoniceras versicolor (Trautschold, 1865), BSPG MAo-1861, early Aptian, Cretaceous, Simbirsk, Ulyanovsk, Volga Basin region, Russia; the dorsal inner prismatic layer develops inclusions of nacre. Abbreviations: dipl 1/2, primary/ secondary dorsal inner prismatic layer; dncl 2, secondary dorsal nacreous layer; dsw, dorsal shell wall; if, infilling; s, septum; vsw, ventral shell wall.

Fig. 12 in The dorsal shell wall structure of Mesozoic ammonoids

Fig. 12. Construction of the nacreous reduced dorsal shell wall (A, D3, transversal section, centrifugal, B, C, D1, D2, median section, growth direction → to the left, centrifugal). A. Perisphinctes (Kranaosphinctes) mahabokensis (Collignon, 1959), BSPG MAn-4835, late Oxfordian, Jurassic, Sakaraha, Morondava Basin, SW Madagascar; A1, the dorsal shell wall consists of a primary dorsal inner prismatic layer, a secondary dorsal nacreous layer and a secondary dorsal inner prismatic layer; A2, the secondary dorsal inner prismatic layer; A3, the primary dorsal inner prismatic layer. B. Kepplerites galilaeii Oppel, 1862), BSPG MAn-4783, early Callovian, Jurassic, Znamenka on Unzha River, Russia; same as in A1. C. Mirosphinctes sp. 1, BSPG MAn-1769, late Oxfordian, Jurassic, Sakaraha, Morondava Basin, SW Madagascar; the dorsal shell wall consists of a secondary dorsal nacreous layer and a secondary dorsal inner prismatic layer. D. Aspidoceras sp., BSPG MAn-4507, late Oxfordian, Jurassic, Sakaraha, Morondava Basin, SW Madagascar; D1, D2, the same as in A1; D3, at the umbilical seam multiple new shell layers are formed; the inner layers of the (dorsal) nacreous layer (dncl 1–3) and of the dorsal) inner prismatic layer (dipl 1–4) wedge out towards the spiral plane; the inner layers form the nacreous reduced dorsal shell wall. Abbreviations: dipl 1/2/3/4, primary/secondary/tertiary/quaternary dorsal inner prismatic layer; dncl 1/2/3/4, primary/secondary/tertiary/quaternary dorsal nacreous layer; dspl, dorsal septal prismatic layer; if, infilling; ipl, inner prismatic layer; ipl 1/2, primary/secondary inner prismatic layer; ncl, nacreous layer; ncl /2, primary/secondary nacreous layer; opl, outer prismatic layer; s, septum.

Fig. 13 in The dorsal shell wall structure of Mesozoic ammonoids

Fig. 13. Construction of a secondary complete dorsal shell wall and the nacreous reduced dorsal shell wall (A, median section, growth direction to the left, cen- → trifugal; B, C, transversal section, centrifugal). A. Cleoniceras (Grycia) besairiei Collignon, 1949, BSPG PA-33582, early Albian, Cretaceous, Ambatolafia, Mahajanga Basin, NW Madagascar; in reaction to a forma aegra aptycha of Keupp (1977), the dorsal shell wall is secondarily complete; it consists of an outer wrinkle layer, a dorsal nacreous layer and a dorsal inner prismatic layer. B, C. Eupachydiscus sp., Campanian, Cretaceous, Teshio-Nakagawa area, Hokkaido, Japan. B. BSPG MAo-1832, the primary dorsal inner prismatic layer consists of two sub-layers. C. BSPG MAo-1834; C1, the dorsal shell wall consists of a primary dorsal inner prismatic layer, a secondary dorsal nacreous layer and a secondary dorsal inner prismatic layer; the primary and the secondary dorsal inner prismatic layer develop sub-layers; the primary dorsal inner prismatic layer shows a relief (i.e., "Ritzknoten"); C2, C3, umbilical-lateral, the primary inner prismatic layer forms cone-like elevations, i.e., "Ritzknoten"; C4, C5, the "Ritzknoten" reach up to the umbilical seam and the dorsum. Abbreviations: dipl, dorsal inner prismatic layer; dipl 1/2, primary/secondary dorsal inner prismatic layer; dncl, dorsal nacreous layer; dncl 2, secondary dorsal nacreous layer; if, infilling; ncl, nacreous layer; wl, wrinkle layer.

Fig. 4 in The dorsal shell wall structure of Mesozoic ammonoids

Fig. 4. Construction of the prismatic reduced dorsal shell wall (A–E, G, median section, growth direction to the left, centrifugal; F, transversal section, cen- → trifugal). A. Phylloceras (Euphylloceras) sp., BSPG MAo-1769, early Albian, Cretaceous, Ambatolafia, Mahajanga Basin, NW Madagascar; A1, the dorsal shell wall consists of an outer wrinkle layer and a dorsal inner prismatic layer; A2, A3, organic wrinkles. B. Ptychophylloceras sp., BSPG MAn-4516, late Oxfordian, Jurassic, Sakaraha, Morondava Basin, SW Madagascar; B1, the dorsal shell wall consists of an outer wrinkle layer and a dorsal inner prismatic layer; B2, organic wrinkle. C–E, G. Desmoceras (Desmoceras) latidorsatum (Michelin, 1838), early Albian, Cretaceous, Ambatolafia, Mahajanga Basin, NW Madagascar. C. BSPG MAo-1783; C1, the dorsal shell wall forms a wrinkle layer-complex; C2, the wrinkle layer is enriched with organic material. D. BSPG MAo-1839, organic wrinkle. E. BSPG MAo-1788, the relief of an injury of the preceding whorl (i.e., forma aegra substructa of Hölder (1973) is overgrown by the outer wrinkle layer and compensated by the dorsal inner prismatic layer. G. BSPG MAo-1782, the wrinkle layer of the dorsal shell wall becomes prismatic. F. Neosilesites ambatolafrensis Collignon, 1963, BSPG MAo-1780, early Albian, Cretaceous, Ambatolafia, Mahajanga Basin, NW Madagascar; F1, at the umbilical seam, the outer prismatic layer and the nacreous layer of the attaching whorl wedge out; only the inner prismatic layer continues towards the spiral plane; the wrinkle layer wedges out towards the umbilical seam; F2, organic wrinkle. Abbreviations: dipl, dorsal inner prismatic layer; dipl 1/2, primary/secondary dorsal inner prismatic layer; dspl, dorsal septal prismatic layer; ipl, inner prismatic layer; ipl 1/2, primary/secondary inner prismatic layer; ncl, nacreous layer; ncl 1/2, primary/secondary nacreous layer; opl, outer prismatic layer; s, septum; spl, septal prismatic layer; wl, wrinkle layer.

FIG. 8 in The late Givetian (Middle Devonian) ammonoid Epitornoceras Frech, 1902 from Argentina (southwestern Gondwana)

FIG. 8. — Artistic reconstruction of the ammonoid Epitornoceras baldisi (Leanza, 1968) during the Middle Devonian. Paleoartist: H. Santiago Druetta (CICTERRA, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina).

FIG. 7 in The late Givetian (Middle Devonian) ammonoid Epitornoceras Frech, 1902 from Argentina (southwestern Gondwana)

FIG. 7. — New specimens of Epitornoceras baldisi (Leanza, 1968) from the type area of the Chigua Formation (San Juan Province, Argentina): A, B, specimen INGEO-PI-2011; C, specimen INGEO-PI-2007; D, suture line of specimen INGEO-PI- 2004 at wh c. 33 mm; E, reconstructed suture line based on specimen INGEO-PI-2007 at wh c. 18 mm; F, specimen INGEO-PI-2005 (counterpart showing the external mold of the conch); G, H, specimen INGEO-PI- 2002 (part and counterpart showing the external mold of the conch); I, specimen INGEO-PI-2004; J, specimen INGEO-PI-2006; K, L, specimen INGEO-PI-2003 (L corresponds to latex cast of internal whorl). Scale bars: 2 mm. The pictures of some specimens have been flipped (A, B, and K).

FIG. 1 in The late Givetian (Middle Devonian) ammonoid Epitornoceras Frech, 1902 from Argentina (southwestern Gondwana)

FIG. 1. — Early Devonian simplified paleogeographic reconstruction showing the Malvinoxhosan (Malvinokaffric) Realm (red circle) indicating the location of the Precordillera (modified from Cocks & Torsvik 2006). Old Red Sandstone continents in Laurussia and Gondwana indicated in light yellow; terrane names are labeled. The localities with Epitornoceras Frech, 1902 are indicated by a white star: Morocco, Germany (RH, Rheno-Hercynian Terrane), North America, Argentine Precordillera.

FIG. 6 in The late Givetian (Middle Devonian) ammonoid Epitornoceras Frech, 1902 from Argentina (southwestern Gondwana)

FIG. 6. — Historical material of Epitornoceras baldisi (Leanza, 1968), identified as Tornoceras baldisi Leanza, 1968 by Leanza (1968), from the Chavela Creek ("Quebrada de la Chavela"), Chavela Member, Chigua Formation (San Juan Province, Argentina): A, B, holotype CPUBA 8088 (part and counterpart showing the external mold of the conch); C, additional specimen CPUBA 8089. Scale bars: 2 mm.

FIG. 4 in The late Givetian (Middle Devonian) ammonoid Epitornoceras Frech, 1902 from Argentina (southwestern Gondwana)

FIG. 4. — Stratigraphic section of the Chigua Formation showing the distribution of the identified taxa within the Chavela Member (ammonoid, trilobites, bivalve). Note the angular unconformity (>40°) between the Chigua and Malimán formations.