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338 results for “antibiotic resistance”
Data from: Exposure to dairy manure leads to greater antibiotic resistance and increased mass-specific respiration in soil microbial communities
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Escaping ESKAPE resistance: In vitro and in silico studies of multifunctional carbamimidoyl-tethered indoles against antibiotic-resistant bacteria
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Evolution of honey resistance in experimental populations of bacteria depends on the type of honey, and has no major side effects for antibiotic susceptibility
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Data for: Host-specific plasmid evolution explains the variable spread of clinical antibiotic-resistance plasmids
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Data from: Fitness benefits to bacteria of carrying prophages and prophage-encoded antibiotic-resistance genes peak in different environments
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Dysbiosis individualizes fitness effect of antibiotic resistance in the mammalian gut
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Data from: Aquatic animals promote antibiotic resistance gene dissemination in water via conjugation: role of different regions within the zebra fish intestinal tract, and impact on fish intestinal microbiota
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Characterization of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance pattern of uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains in a tertiary care center
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Data from: Geographically widespread honeybee-gut symbiont subgroups show locally distinct antibiotic-resistant patterns
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An adjunctive therapy administered with an antibiotic prevents enrichment of antibiotic-resistant clones of a colonizing opportunistic pathogen
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Data from: Novel conserved genotypes correspond to antibiotic resistance phenotypes of E. coli clinical isolates
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Transformable nano-antibiotics for mechanotherapy and immune activation against drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria
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Temporal shifts in antibiotic resistance elements govern phage-pathogen conflicts
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Data for: Longitudinal metatranscriptomic sequencing of Southern California wastewater representing 16 million people from August 2020-21 reveals widespread transcription of antibiotic resistance genes
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Practice of antibiotics use and awareness of antimicrobial resistance among undergraduate medical students
<p>Antibiotic resistance is one of the actual problems associated with the irrational use of antibiotics</p> <p>The aim of study is to investigate practice of antibiotics use and awareness of antimicrobial resistance among undergraduate medical students Siberian State Medical University (SSMU).</p> <p>Material and methods. A self-administered online questionnaire was used to assess the practice of antibiotic use and awareness of antimicrobial resistance among 5-6 year students of GP and pediatrician faculties of Siberian State Medical University.</p> <p>Results. 334 students took part in the survey. During the last year, 58.1% of respondents used antibacterial drugs. The leading reasons for the use of antibiotics were: angina - 47.3%, viral infection of upper airway- 24.4%, sinusitis and / or otitis - 20.2%, urinary tract infections - 18.3%, bronchitis - 11.5%, pneumonia - 8 %, acute intestinal infections - 5.7%. The most frequently used: amoxicillin / clavulanic acid -57.6%, amoxicillin - 29%, azithromycin - 19.4%, ciprofloxacin - 13.4%, cephalosporins of the 3rd generation - 8.1%, clarithromycin - 7.6%. Most of the students used antibiotics as prescribed by a doctor (58.8%) and adhered to the duration of treatment prescribed by the doctor. The vast majority of students (99.4%) are aware of the problem of antibiotic resistance and 95.8% consider this problem important for Russian medicine.</p> <p>Conclusions. Undergraduate students of the Siberian State Medical University demonstrated adherence to medical recommendations regarding the use of antibiotics and a high awareness of the problem of antibiotic resistance.</p>
Data from: The fitness costs of antibiotic resistance mutations
Antibiotic resistance is increasing in pathogenic microbial populations and is thus a major threat to public health. The fate of a resistance mutation in pathogen populations is determined in part by its fitness. Mutations that suffer little or no fitness cost are more likely to persist in the absence of antibiotic treatment. In this review, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate the fitness costs associated with single mutational events that confer resistance. Generally, these mutations were costly, although several drug classes and species of bacteria on average did not show a cost. Further investigations into the rate and fitness values of compensatory mutations that alleviate the costs of resistance will help us to better understand both the emergence and management of antibiotic resistance in clinical settings.
Data from: Fight evolution with evolution: plasmid-dependent phages with a wide host range prevent the spread of antibiotic resistances
The emergence of pathogenic bacteria resistant to multiple antibiotics is a serious worldwide public health concern. Whenever antibiotics are applied, the genes encoding for antibiotic resistance are selected for within bacterial populations. This has led to the prevalence of conjugative plasmids that carry resistance genes and can transfer themselves between diverse bacterial groups. In this study, we investigated whether it is feasible to attempt to prevent the spread of antibiotic resistances with a lytic bacteriophage, which can replicate in a wide range of gram-negative bacteria harboring conjugative drug-resistance conferring plasmids. The counter-selection against the plasmid was shown to be effective, reducing the frequency of multi-resistant bacteria that formed via horizontal transfer by several orders of magnitude. This was true also in the presence of an antibiotic against which the plasmid provided resistance. Majority of the multi-resistant bacteria subjected to phage selection also lost their conjugation capability. Overall this study suggests that, while we are obligated to maintain the selection for the spread of the drug resistances, the 'fight evolution with evolution' approach could help us even out the outcome to our favor.
Data from: Evolutionary reversals of antibiotic resistance in experimental populations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Antibiotic resistance mutations are accompanied by a fitness cost, and two mechanisms allow bacteria to adapt to this cost once antibiotic use is halted. First, it is possible for resistance to revert; second, it is possible for bacteria to adapt to the cost of resistance by compensatory mutations. Unfortunately, reversion to antibiotic sensitivity is rare, but the underlying factors that prevent reversion remain obscure. Here, we directly study the evolutionary dynamics of reversion by experimentally mimicking reversion mutations—sensitives—in populations of rifampicin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We show that, in our populations, most sensitives are lost due to genetic drift when they are rare. However, clonal interference from lineages carrying compensatory mutations causes a dramatic increase in the time to fixation of sensitives that escape genetic drift, and mutations surpassing the sensitives' fitness are capable of driving transiently common sensitive lineages to extinction. Crucially, we show that the constraints on reversion arising from clonal interference are determined by the potential for compensatory adaptation of the resistant population. Although the cost of resistance provides the incentive for reversion, our study demonstrates that both the cost of resistance and the intrinsic evolvability of resistant populations interact to determine the rate and likelihood of reversion.
Data from: Bypass of genetic constraints during mutator evolution to antibiotic resistance
Genetic constraints can block many mutational pathways to optimal genotypes in real fitness landscapes, yet the extent to which this can limit evolution remains to be determined. Interestingly, mutator bacteria elevate only specific types of mutations, and therefore could be very sensitive to genetic constraints. Testing this possibility is not only clinically relevant, but can also inform about the general impact of genetic constraints in adaptation. Here, we evolved 576 populations of two mutator and one wild-type Escherichia coli to doubling concentrations of the antibiotic cefotaxime. All strains carried TEM-1, a β-lactamase enzyme well known by its low availability of mutational pathways. Crucially, one of the mutators does not elevate any of the relevant first-step mutations known to improve cefatoximase activity. Despite this, both mutators displayed a similar ability to evolve more than 1000-fold resistance. Initial adaptation proceeded in parallel through general multi-drug resistance mechanisms. High-level resistance, in contrast, was achieved through divergent paths; with the a priori inferior mutator exploiting alternative mutational pathways in PBP3, the target of the antibiotic. These results have implications for mutator management in clinical infections and, more generally, illustrate that limits to natural selection in real organisms are alleviated by the existence of multiple loci contributing to fitness.
Data from: Phylogenetic relatedness determined between antibiotic resistance and 16S rRNA genes in actinobacteria
Background: Distribution and evolutionary history of resistance genes in environmental actinobacteria provide information on intensity of antibiosis and evolution of specific secondary metabolic pathways at a given site. To this day, actinobacteria producing biologically active compounds were isolated mostly from soil but only a limited range of soil environments were commonly sampled. Consequently, soil remains an unexplored environment in search for novel producers and related evolutionary questions. Results: Ninety actinobacteria strains isolated at contrasting soil sites were characterized phylogenetically by 16S rRNA gene, for presence of erm and ABC transporter resistance genes and antibiotic production. An analogous analysis was performed in silico with 246 and 31 strains from Integrated Microbial Genomes (JGI_IMG) database selected by the presence of ABC transporter genes and erm genes, respectively. In the isolates, distances of erm gene sequences were significantly correlated to phylogenetic distances based on 16S rRNA genes, while ABC transporter gene distances were not. The phylogenetic distance of isolates was significantly correlated to soil pH and organic matter content of isolation sites. In the analysis of JGI_IMG datasets the correlation between phylogeny of resistance genes and the strain phylogeny based on 16S rRNA genes or five housekeeping genes was observed for both the erm genes and ABC transporter genes in both actinobacteria and streptomycetes. However, in the analysis of sequences from genomes where both resistance genes occurred together the correlation was observed for both ABC transporter and erm genes in actinobacteria but in streptomycetes only in the erm gene. Conclusions: The type of erm resistance gene sequences was influenced by linkage to 16S rRNA gene sequences and site characteristics. The phylogeny of ABC transporter gene was correlated to 16S rRNA genes mainly above the genus level. The results support the concept of new specific secondary metabolite scaffolds occurring more likely in taxonomically distant producers but suggest that the antibiotic selection of gene pools is also influenced by site conditions.
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