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Figure 1 in Diversity and life-history traits of wild bees (Insecta: Hymenoptera) in intensive agricultural landscapes in the Rolling Pampa, Argentina

Figure 1. Location of (a) the Argentinean Pampas in South America, (b) the study site (Estancia 'Las Polvaredas', partido de Rojas, provincia de Buenos Aires; black square) in the Rolling Pampa and (c) the 39 sampling points in the study site. The map shows the land use of the year when bee sampling occurred (2010–2011 growing season). Black dots represent points located in the cropped area (n = 28), and white dots represent points located in the semi-natural area (n = 11). On each point, bees were collected with pan traps (one blue, one white and one yellow) during three 48- hour sessions.

Figure 3. A in Diversity and life-history traits of wild bees (Insecta: Hymenoptera) in intensive agricultural landscapes in the Rolling Pampa, Argentina

Figure 3. A representative sampling point in the study site, which shows three pan traps deployed in line near a wire-fence row delimiting two soybean fields (Photo: Violette Le Féon).

Figure 6 in Diversity and life-history traits of wild bees (Insecta: Hymenoptera) in intensive agricultural landscapes in the Rolling Pampa, Argentina

Figure 6. Mean number of (a) bee individuals, (b) non-Lasioglossum (Dialictus) bee individuals and (c) bee taxa per point, in cropped area (n = 28 points) and semi-natural area (n = 11 points). ns indicates a non-significant result. Asterisks indicate that means are significantly different (Wilcoxon rank sum test, *** = P <0.001). Bars show SEs.

Figure 5 in Diversity and life-history traits of wild bees (Insecta: Hymenoptera) in intensive agricultural landscapes in the Rolling Pampa, Argentina

Figure 5. Functional composition of the non-Lasioglossum (Dialictus) bee assemblage: proportion of the taxa for each life-history trait category.

opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

Data from: Genetic diversity, virulence and fitness evolution in an obligate fungal parasite of bees

Within-host competition is predicted to drive the evolution of virulence in parasites, but the precise outcomes of such interactions are often unpredictable due to many factors including the biology of the host and the parasite, stochastic events and co-evolutionary interactions. Here, we use a serial passage experiment (SPE) with three strains of a heterothallic fungal parasite (Ascosphaera apis) of the Honey bee (Apis mellifera) to assess how evolving under increasing competitive pressure affects parasite virulence and fitness evolution. The results show an increase in virulence after successive generations of selection and consequently faster production of spores. This faster sporulation, however, did not translate into more spores being produced during this longer window of sporulation; rather, it appeared to induce a loss of fitness in terms of total spore production. There was no evidence to suggest that a greater diversity of competing strains was a driver of this increased virulence and subsequent fitness cost, but rather that strain-specific competitive interactions influenced the evolutionary outcomes of mixed infections. It is possible that the parasite may have evolved to avoid competition with multiple strains because of its heterothallic mode of reproduction, which highlights the importance of understanding parasite biology when predicting disease dynamics.

Supplementary material 5 from: Praz C, Müller A, Bénon D, Herrmann M, Neumeyer R (2023) Annotated checklist of the Swiss bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Anthophila): hotspots of diversity in the xeric inner Alpine valleys. Alpine Entomology 7: 219-267. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.7.112514

Distance-based tree

Supplementary material 4 from: Praz C, Müller A, Bénon D, Herrmann M, Neumeyer R (2023) Annotated checklist of the Swiss bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Anthophila): hotspots of diversity in the xeric inner Alpine valleys. Alpine Entomology 7: 219-267. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.7.112514

Checklist of the Swiss bees and presence of each species in each canton

Supplementary material 3 from: Praz C, Müller A, Bénon D, Herrmann M, Neumeyer R (2023) Annotated checklist of the Swiss bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Anthophila): hotspots of diversity in the xeric inner Alpine valleys. Alpine Entomology 7: 219-267. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.7.112514

Locality, collection data and BOLD accession numbers for specimens sequenced in this study

Supplementary material 2 from: Praz C, Müller A, Bénon D, Herrmann M, Neumeyer R (2023) Annotated checklist of the Swiss bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Anthophila): hotspots of diversity in the xeric inner Alpine valleys. Alpine Entomology 7: 219-267. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.7.112514

Primers used to amplify and sequence the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome oxidase I

Supplementary material 1 from: Praz C, Müller A, Bénon D, Herrmann M, Neumeyer R (2023) Annotated checklist of the Swiss bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Anthophila): hotspots of diversity in the xeric inner Alpine valleys. Alpine Entomology 7: 219-267. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.7.112514

Locality labels from important historical bee collections in Switzerland

opencc-zeroDec 2021View details →

Local plant richness predicts bee abundance and diversity in a study of urban residential yards

Understanding the drivers of biodiversity in cities is a central goal of urban ecology. There is currently intense scientific and public interest in the factors that influence pollinator diversity in cities and their surroundings. Existing studies point to a variety of landscape and local factors as potentially important, including urbanization (often defined as impervious surface cover in the surrounding lands), tree canopy cover and the diversity and abundance of locally flowering plants. However, few studies have sought to weigh the relative importance of these predictors of bee community metrics. Using a set of 27 residential yards chosen to represent a gradient of both urbanization and tree canopy cover at a landscape scale, we used pan trapping and netting to assess the abundance and diversity of local bee communities across the City of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Surprisingly, the landscape factors (urbanization and tree cover) described only a tiny fraction (< 1%) of the total variance in bee abundance and diversity across sites. This was true regardless of the scale of analysis at which the landscape factors were measured. Instead, a yard's floral richness, and, to a somewhat lesser extent, its floral abundance, emerged as the most important predictors of a yard's bee community abundance and diversity. Our study offers an important counterpoint to a growing body of work emphasizing the impacts of landscape factors on bee communities. Instead, our research suggests that improving bee floral resources by increasing the plant species richness and abundance locally is a powerful tool to support bee conservation, regardless of the level of urbanization or tree cover in the surrounding landscape. Our work highlights that the practice of promoting 'bee-friendly' plantings in private yards, currently being undertaken by a number of non-profits around the world, can play an important role in restoring and maintaining urban pollinator communities.

opencc-zeroFeb 2022View details →

Data from: Seasonal progression and differences in major floral resource use by bees and hoverflies in a diverse horticultural and agricultural landscape revealed by DNA metabarcoding

Gardens are important habitats for pollinators, providing floral resources and nesting sites. There are high levels of public support for growing 'pollinator-friendly' plants but whilst plant recommendation lists are available, they are usually inconsistent, poorly supported by scientific research and target a narrow group of pollinators. In order to supply the most appropriate resources, there is a clear need to understand foraging preferences, for a range of pollinators, across the season within horticultural landscapes. Using an innovative DNA metabarcoding approach, we investigated foraging preferences of four groups of pollinators in a large and diverse, horticultural, and agricultural landscape, across the flowering season and over two years, significantly improving on the spatial and temporal scale that can be achieved using observational studies. Bumblebees, honeybees, non-corbiculate bees, and hoverflies visited 191 plant taxa. Overall floral resources were shared between the different types of pollinators, but significant differences were seen between the plants used most abundantly by bees (Hymenoptera) and hoverflies (Diptera). Floral resource use by pollinators is strongly associated with seasonal changes in flowering plants, with pollinators relying on dominant plants found within each season, with preferences consistent across both years. The plants identified were categorised according to their native status to investigate the value of native and non-native plants. The majority of floral resources used were of native and near-native origin, but the proportion of horticultural and naturalised plants increased during late summer and autumn. Synthesis and applications: We recommend that plant lists should distinguish between bees and hoverflies and provide evidence-based floral recommendations throughout the year that include native as well as non-native plants for use in the UK and Northern Europe. Specific management recommendations include reducing mowing to encourage plants such as dandelion Taraxacum officinale, buttercups Ranunculus spp., and reducing scrub management to encourage bramble Rubus fruticosus.

opencc-zeroMar 2022View details →

The abundance and diversity of native bees in prairie agroecosystems Samantha Morrice thesis raw data

Habitat loss due to agricultural intensification has negative implications for native bee communities throughout Western Canada. Wetland remnants are a common feature within the Prairie Pothole Region of Saskatchewan and are threatened due to continued conversion to agricultural land. Approximately sixty-one million acres of land are dedicated to agriculture in Saskatchewan. Wetlands and field margins in this region are embedded in these agricultural matrices and may act as important nesting and floral resources for many native bee taxa. The purpose of this study was to determine whether conserved habitats, such as wetlands and field margins, in highly cultivated landscapes support native bee and pollinator diversity, which is expected to be ecologically and economically beneficial. I also examined differences in bee abundance and diversity across three crop types to explore the roles different crop types might play as a habitat or feeding resource for native bees. Bees were sampled from wetland and field margins into the surrounding cropland across two growing seasons in three crop types (canola, cereals and semi-natural re-seeded forage) to quantify the role that wetlands, field margins and crop types play in supporting native bee populations. I found that the diversity and abundance of native bees collected from natural and semi-natural edge habitat was higher than that collected in-field. Areas with a higher availability of nesting resources tended to support a higher diversity of bee genera. Unmanaged semi-natural re-seeded forage sites supported a higher abundance and diversity of bees than canola and cereal crops. Finally, we found that bee community structure differed significantly between years, likely due to differences in temperature and precipitation. Results of this study suggest that native bees may be using edge habitat for nesting and floral resources. Bees nesting in these areas may in turn provide pollination to agricultural crops through a "spill-over" effect. This project has improved our understanding of native bee communities and the value of management practices that promote sustainable agricultural production through pollination services. These results further support the need for management of agricultural cropland that preserves semi-natural habitat that is integral to native bee functional diversity.

opencc-zeroSep 2022View details →

Supplementary material 2 from: Praz C, Genoud D, Vaucher K, Bénon D, Monks J, Wood TJ (2022) Unexpected levels of cryptic diversity in European bees of the genus Andrena subgenus Taeniandrena (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae): implications for conservation. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 91: 375-428. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.91.82761

Table S2. List of all examined specimens.

Supplementary material 4 from: Praz C, Müller A, Genoud D (2019) Hidden diversity in European bees: Andrena amieti sp. n., a new Alpine bee species related to Andrena bicolor (Fabricius, 1775) (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Andrenidae). Alpine Entomology 3: 11-38. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.3.29675

: Data type: multimedia

Supplementary material 3 from: Praz C, Müller A, Genoud D (2019) Hidden diversity in European bees: Andrena amieti sp. n., a new Alpine bee species related to Andrena bicolor (Fabricius, 1775) (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Andrenidae). Alpine Entomology 3: 11-38. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.3.29675

: Data type: multimedia

Supplementary material 2 from: Praz C, Müller A, Genoud D (2019) Hidden diversity in European bees: Andrena amieti sp. n., a new Alpine bee species related to Andrena bicolor (Fabricius, 1775) (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Andrenidae). Alpine Entomology 3: 11-38. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.3.29675

: Data type: multimedia

Supplementary material 1 from: Praz C, Müller A, Genoud D (2019) Hidden diversity in European bees: Andrena amieti sp. n., a new Alpine bee species related to Andrena bicolor (Fabricius, 1775) (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Andrenidae). Alpine Entomology 3: 11-38. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.3.29675

: Data type: specimens data

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2019View details →

Figures 39-51 from: Praz C, Müller A, Genoud D (2019) Hidden diversity in European bees: Andrena amieti sp. n., a new Alpine bee species related to Andrena bicolor (Fabricius, 1775) (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Andrenidae). Alpine Entomology 3: 11-38. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.3.29675

Figures 39-51 Structure of male of Andrenaamieti sp. n., A.montana, A.allosa and A.bicolor. 39, male of A.amieti sp. n. in lateral view. 40, labrum of A.amieti sp. n. 41, labrum of A.montana. 42, male of A.amieti sp. n. in frontal view. 43, male of A.allosa in frontal view. 44, section of mouthparts of A.amieti sp. n. 45, section of mouthparts of A.allosa. 46, dorsal view of mesosoma of spring generation of A.amieti sp. n. 47, dorsal view of mesosoma of summer generation of A.amieti sp. n. 48, section of right forewing of A.amieti sp. n. 49, section of right forewing of A.allosa. 50, T1–T4 of A.amieti sp. n. 51, T1–T4 of A.bicolor.