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Figure 15 in Economically Beneficial Ground Beetles. The specialized predators Pheropsophus aequinoctialis (L.) and Stenaptinus jessoensis (Morawitz): Their laboratory behavior and descriptions of immature stages (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Brachininae)

Figure 15. Scanning Electron Micrograph of egg of P. aequinoctialis: a, complete egg; b, apical aspect showing polygonical relief; c, surface texture; d, microperforation distribution; e, microperforations.

Figures 36-37. 36 in Economically Beneficial Ground Beetles. The specialized predators Pheropsophus aequinoctialis (L.) and Stenaptinus jessoensis (Morawitz): Their laboratory behavior and descriptions of immature stages (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Brachininae)

Figures 36-37. 36 – Head (dorsal aspect) of P. aequinoctialis, third instar; ventral mouthparts not shown. 37 – Head (ventral aspect) of P. aequinoctialis, third instar; antennae shown.

Figure 1 in Economically Beneficial Ground Beetles. The specialized predators Pheropsophus aequinoctialis (L.) and Stenaptinus jessoensis (Morawitz): Their laboratory behavior and descriptions of immature stages (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Brachininae)

Figure 1. Riverine beach habitat of P. aequinoctialis along the Río Madre de Dios watershed, Peru (Photo credit: T.L. Erwin).

Figures 19-22. 19 in Economically Beneficial Ground Beetles. The specialized predators Pheropsophus aequinoctialis (L.) and Stenaptinus jessoensis (Morawitz): Their laboratory behavior and descriptions of immature stages (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Brachininae)

Figures 19-22. 19 Thorax (dorsal aspect) of P. aequinoctialis, first instar; legs not shown. 20 Thorax (ventral aspect) of P. aequinoctialis, first instar; legs not shown. 21 Abdominal terga I & II (dorsal aspect) of P. aequinoctialis, first instar. 22 Abdominal sterna I & II (ventral aspect) of P. aequinoctialis, first instar.

Figure 14 in Economically Beneficial Ground Beetles. The specialized predators Pheropsophus aequinoctialis (L.) and Stenaptinus jessoensis (Morawitz): Their laboratory behavior and descriptions of immature stages (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Brachininae)

Figure 14. Legs (dorsal aspect, left side of thorax) of S. jessoensis, first instar. Top, anterior leg; middle, middle leg; bottom, posterior leg.

Figures 17-18. 17 in Economically Beneficial Ground Beetles. The specialized predators Pheropsophus aequinoctialis (L.) and Stenaptinus jessoensis (Morawitz): Their laboratory behavior and descriptions of immature stages (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Brachininae)

Figures 17-18. 17 Head (dorsal aspect) of P. aequinoctialis, first instar; ventral mouthparts and right antenna not shown. 18 Head (ventral aspect) of P. aequinoctialis, first instar; mandibles and antennae not shown.

Figures 12-13. 12 in Economically Beneficial Ground Beetles. The specialized predators Pheropsophus aequinoctialis (L.) and Stenaptinus jessoensis (Morawitz): Their laboratory behavior and descriptions of immature stages (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Brachininae)

Figures 12-13. 12 – Abdominal terga VII to X (dorsal aspect) of S. jessoensis, first instar. 13 – Abdominal sterna VII to X (ventral aspect) of S. jessoensis, first instar.

Figures 26-27. 26 in Economically Beneficial Ground Beetles. The specialized predators Pheropsophus aequinoctialis (L.) and Stenaptinus jessoensis (Morawitz): Their laboratory behavior and descriptions of immature stages (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Brachininae)

Figures 26-27. 26 – Head (dorsal aspect) of P. aequinoctialis, second instar; ventral mouthparts not shown. 27 – Head (ventral aspect) of P. aequinoctialis, second instar; antennae not shown.

Figure 28-33. 28 in Economically Beneficial Ground Beetles. The specialized predators Pheropsophus aequinoctialis (L.) and Stenaptinus jessoensis (Morawitz): Their laboratory behavior and descriptions of immature stages (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Brachininae)

Figure 28-33. 28 – Th orax (dorsal aspect) of P. aequinoctialis, second instar; legs not shown. 29 – Thorax (ventral aspect) of P. aequinoctialis, second instar; legs not shown. 30 – Abdominal terga I & II (dorsal aspect) of P. aequinoctialis, second instar. 31 – Abdominal sterna I & II (ventral aspect) of P. aequinoctialis, second instar. 32 – Abdominal terga VII to X (dorsal aspect) of P. aequinoctialis, second instar. 33 – Abdominal sterna VII to X (ventral aspect) of P. aequinoctialis, second instar.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2019View details →

Fig. 8 in Foraging behavior interactions between the invasive Nile Tilapia (Cichliformes: Cichlidae) and three large native predators

Fig. 8. Activity (inactive, swimming and avoidance) by the Nile Tilapia (mean ± SD) in the tanks with Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (white circles), Salminus brasiliensis (white squares) and Brycon orbignyanus (black triangles), for 0%, 50%, 100% and RD treatments. The three-way ANOVA for these data suggested interaction (P =0.029) among species, structural complexity and activity. The avoidance activity was not observed.

Fig. 4 in Silk Spinning Behavior Varies from Species-Specific to Individualistic in Embioptera: Do Environmental Correlates Account for this Diversity?

Fig. 4. Computation of similarity between two sequences. For two individuals of Aposthonia borneensis (Hagen) (Oligotomidae), the first 500 steps of their spin sequences are shown (A and B).The red bar underlining a short sequence indicates one 15-step subsequence that is highly similar between these two individuals. For all possible pairs of 15 step subsequences, the heatmap displays the sequence similarity (C), with red areas indicating regions of the spin sequence that are highly similar.The profiles on the margins of the heat map indicate the marginal maxima—that is, for each 15-step subsequence, what is the similarity to the most similar subsequence in the other individual. Portions of the sequence with similarities about 12 were deemed sufficiently similar to the other sequence (vertical or horizontal lines), amounting to about 5% of individual 1's sequence and 10% of individual 2's sequence.

Fig. 3 in Silk Spinning Behavior Varies from Species-Specific to Individualistic in Embioptera: Do Environmental Correlates Account for this Diversity?

Fig. 3. Kinematic diagrams displaying relative proportion of spin-steps in each position as relative size of the circles. Saturated black color of the body represents dorsal spinning; dark gray represents kinematics when the embiopteran faces the framework silk and spins with her ventral surface facing the camera and the emerging silk structure. Spinning was recorded during hour-long filming sessions in the laboratory in an apparatus as shown in Supp Fig. 1 [online only]. (A) Notoligotoma hardyi average spin dynamics, (B) Haploembia tarsalis average spin dynamics, (C) Diagram shows the positions of the different possible spinsteps whereby the words are placed in the position of the front foot as the embiopteran steps around her body to release silk with each foot fall.The same steps are taken on the left as well during spinning. See Supp Video 2 [online only] for examples of spinning behavior exhibited by individual females.

Fig. 5 in Silk Spinning Behavior Varies from Species-Specific to Individualistic in Embioptera: Do Environmental Correlates Account for this Diversity?

Fig. 5. Phylogenetic relationships and sequence similarities (n = 15) for all individuals in this study. (A) Sequence similarities are depicted as a heat map, with the diagonal representing self-similarities.The small outlined boxes along the diagonal indicate all intraspecific comparisons, and the mean intraspecific similarity for each species is depicted above the heat map. For comparison, the inset graph, (B) shows the similarity among pairs of species for a trait that is evolving according to the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model.The large clade constituting the top 19 species shows high similarity among species (mostly dark colors in the upper left), but low similarity to the two outgroups to this clade (bottom six species, shows as lighter gray colors).The phylogenetic tree is based on Miller et al. 2012.

Fig. 7 in Silk Spinning Behavior Varies from Species-Specific to Individualistic in Embioptera: Do Environmental Correlates Account for this Diversity?

Fig. 7. Predictors of intraspecific similarity scores. The three panels show the partial residual plots for the three variables selected in the final model for a subsequence length of 15. Intraspecific similarity as a function of: (A) mean annual temperature, (B) temperature seasonality, and (C) silk gallery structure. Two-letter codes indicate the species as in Fig. 6.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2020View details →

Short-term change in water availability influences thermoregulation behaviors in a dry-skinned ectotherm

Datasets for "Short-term change in water availability influences thermoregulation behaviors in a dry-skinned ectotherm" by Rozen-Rechels et al. (2020) in Journal of Animal Ecology   Abstract 1. Mechanistic models of terrestrial ectotherms predict that climate warming will induce activity restriction due to heat stress and loss of shade, leading to the extinction of numerous populations. Such models rely on the assumption that activity patterns are dictated by simple temperature thresholds independent of changes in water availability. However, changes in water availability may further influence thermoregulation behavior of ectotherms through dehydration risk perception, changes in water balance or changes in microclimatic conditions. 2. Here, we experimentally assess the interactive effects of thermal conditions and water availability on activity patterns, shade selection and thermoregulation efficiency in a model ectothermic species. 3. Thermoregulation behavior of adult common lizards (Zootoca vivipara) was monitored in outdoor mesocosms as we manipulated water availability, providing water as mist in the morning and free-standing water during the daytime. We recorded operative temperatures and micro-meteorological conditions to infer thermal constraints and dehydration risk. 4. Activity and shade selection were better predicted by continuous changes in thermal conditions and dehydration risk, respectively, than by threshold functions. In addition, water supplementation increased activity in males and reduced shade selection in both sexes, most probably as a behavioral response to the perception of a stronger dehydration risk. Water supplementation also influenced the thermal quality of the environment, which in turn altered daily activity patterns and thermoregulation statistics. 5. This demonstrates that dual effects of heat and water stress on activity patterns may lead to stronger activity restriction as a result of climate change than currently predicted.

opencc-by-3.0Jul 2020View details →

Termitotrox icarus sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae): a new termitophilous beetle from Myanmar with observations of carrying behavior by host termites

Abstract. A new species of scarab beetle, Termitotrox icarus sp. nov., is described from central Myanmar, being the third representative of the genus Termitotrox Reichensperger, 1915 from the Indo-Chinese Subregion of the Oriental Region. The majority of the type series was collected from the walls of fungus garden chambers built in the nests of the termite Odontotermes proformosanus Ahmad, 1965. Termitotrox icarus sp. nov. can be easily distinguished from the known Termitotrox as it possesses wing-shaped trichomes on the elytra, the more elongate habitus shape in dorsal view, the basomedian section of pronotum not protruding backwards, a pair of distinct costae on the pronotal basomedian section strongly developed, a median costa on anterior pronotal margin strongly develo- ped, the elytral striae narrower than interstriae, the lack of trichomes at the base of elytral sutural stria, and a mid-range body length of 1.5–1.9 mm. The ‘carrying behavior’ by the host termites is reported for the first time for Termitotrox and a strategy for the dispersal of flightless termitophilous scarabs is hypothesized.

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Data from: Multiple spawning run behavior and population consequences in migratory striped bass Morone saxatilis

Multiple spawning runs cause different contingents within the same population to experience varying demographic fates that can stabilize populations through the portfolio effect. Multiple spawning runs are reported here for the first time for striped bass, an economically important coastal species, which is well known for plastic estuarine and shelf migration behaviors. Adult Hudson River Estuary striped bass (n=66) were tagged and tracked with acoustic transmitters from two known spawning reaches separated by 90 km. Biotelemetry recaptures for two years demonstrated that each reach was associated with separate spawning runs. Time series of spawning run trajectories were examined via nonparametric dynamic time warping and revealed two dominant time series centroids, each associated with the two spawning reaches. In 2017, the lower reach run occurred earlier than the higher reach run, but difference in timing was not observed in 2018. The majority (84%) of returning adults in 2018 showed the same run behaviors exhibited in 2017. The two spawning run may have been cued differently by temperatures, where warming lagged 1-week at the higher reach in comparison to the lower reach. The two spawning runs exhibited similar Atlantic shelf migration patterns with strong summer fidelity to Massachusetts Bay and winter migrations to the southern US Mid-Atlantic Bight. Still, in 2017, differing times of departure from spawning reaches into nearby shelf waters likely caused the early spawning run to experience substantially higher mortality than the later run. Anecdotal evidence suggests that higher fishing effort is exerted on the early-spawning run as it first enters shelf fisheries. Thus, as in salmon, multiple spawning runs by striped bass can lead to differential demographic outcomes, contributing to overall population dynamics.

opencc-zeroJul 2020View details →

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nNOS-expressing interneurons control basal and behaviorally evoked arterial dilation in somatosensory cortex of mice

Cortical neural activity is coupled to local arterial diameter and blood flow. However, which neurons control the dynamics of cerebral arteries is not well understood. We dissected the cellular mechanisms controlling the basal diameter and evoked dilation in cortical arteries in awake, head-fixed mice. Locomotion drove robust arterial dilation, increases in gamma band power in the local field potential (LFP), and increases calcium signals in pyramidal and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-expressing neurons. Chemogenetic or pharmocological modulation of overall neural activity up or down caused corresponding increases or decreases in basal arterial diameter. Modulation of pyramidal neuron activity alone had little effect on basal or evoked arterial dilation, despite pronounced changes in the LFP. Modulation of the activity of nNOS-expressing neurons drove changes in the basal and evoked arterial diameter without corresponding changes in population neural activity.

opencc-zeroSep 2020View details →

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2020View details →

Behavioral data and analyses of competitive interactions between invasive and native ant species [from Cordonnier et al. 2021, Animals]

This README accompanies the files "data_Cordonnier_Animals.txt" & "script_Cordonnier_Animals.txt"   Associated publication :  The native ant Lasius niger can limit the access to resources of the invasive Argentine ant M. Cordonnier, O. Blight, E. Angulo, and F. Courchamp Published in Animals   ********************************** CONTENTS ***************************** The data are in table form with TABs as variables field delimiters so they can be readily imported in any statistical package or spreadsheet program. Please, contact me if you need the file formatted otherwise.    ******************************************************************************* Variable names and descriptions   Status_Lh            status of Linepithema humile (Colonizer or Resident)        opp                      species of the opponent combirc                combination of status and species interacting temp                    temperature during the test hygro                   hygrometry during the test categ                    interacting species combination n_deadtot_opp       total number of dead opponent workers t_50dead_opp        time when 50% of the opponent mortality load have been diagnosed t_interact              time of the first interaction between L. humile and opponent workers t_maxfights           time when the maximal number of simultaneous fights occurs ET_fights              standard deviation of the numbers of fights over time mean_fights          mean number of simultaneous fights during the contest n_deadtot_Lh        total number of dead workers of L. humile t_50dead_Lh         time when 50% of the L. humile mortality load have been diagnosed t_arena_opp          time of the opponent entrance in the arena t_bait_opp             time of opponent resources’ discovery t_maxarena_opp    time when the max. number of opponent workers occurs in the arena mean_arena_opp   mean number of opponent workers simultaneously present in the whole arena t_maxbait_opp       time when the maximal number of opponent workers on the bait occurs mean_bait_opp      mean number of opponent workers on the bait t_arena_Lh            time of the entrance in the arena of L. humile t_maxarena_Lh     time when the max. number of workers of L. humile occurs in the arena mean_arena_Lh     mean number of L. humile workers simultaneously present in the whole arena n_totprey_Lh         total number of preys brought by L. humile t_bait_Lh               time of resources’ discovery by L. humile t_maxbait_Lh        time when the maximal number of L. humile individuals on the bait occurs ETbait_Lh             standard deviation of the numbers of L. humile workers on the bait over time mean_bait_Lh        mean number of L. humile workers on the bait t_50prey_Lh          time when 50% of the final prey load   ******************************** CONTACT ********************************* Please contact me at: Marion Cordonnier e-mail: marion.cordonnier@hotmail.com *******************************************************************************