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168 results for “biodiversity taxonomy”
FIGURES 21–26. Adults. Scale bar 1 in Systematics, revisionary taxonomy, and biodiversity of Afrotropical Lithocolletinae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)
FIGURES 21–26. Adults. Scale bar 1 mm. 21, Hyloconis luki, holotype ♂, DRC, Bas-Congo, Luki-Mayumbe NR, 23.v.2007, leg. J. & W. De Prins, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000004800. 22, Neolithocolletis mayumbe, holotype ♂, DRC, Bas-Congo, Luki-Mayumbe NR, 22.iii.2006, leg. J. & W. De Prins, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000003293. 23, Neolithocolletis nsengai, paratype ♀, DRC, Bas-Congo, Luki-Mayumbe NR, 16.v.2007, leg. J. & W. De Prins, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000004793. 24, Neolithocolletis pentadesma, ♀, Seychelles, Fregate island, 4.x.2002, leg. J. Gerlach, in CUMZ. 25, Cameraria hexalobina, holotype 6364♂, South Africa, Punda Maria, 12.iv.1952, leg. L. Vári, in TMSA. 26, Cameraria hexalobina, paratype 6368♂, South Africa, Punda Maria, 15.iv.1952, leg. L. Vári, in TMSA.
FIGURES 182–184. Male genitalia. Scale bar 100 in Systematics, revisionary taxonomy, and biodiversity of Afrotropical Lithocolletinae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)
FIGURES 182–184. Male genitalia. Scale bar 100 µm. 182–184, Phyllonorycter chionopa, the drawings are made by Willy De Prins after the additional description and the drawing of Triberti (2004: 81; fig. 6: A–C). 182, ventral view. 183, tip of valva. 184, aedoeagus.
FIGURES 198–200. Male genitalia. Scale bar 100 in Systematics, revisionary taxonomy, and biodiversity of Afrotropical Lithocolletinae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)
FIGURES 198–200. Male genitalia. Scale bar 100 µm. 198–200, Phyllonorycter grewiaephilos, paratype, genitalia prep. MRAC/KMMA 00264, in RMCA. 198, ventral view. 199, sternum VIII. 200, aedoeagus.
FIGURE 4 in Systematics, revisionary taxonomy, and biodiversity of Afrotropical Lithocolletinae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)
FIGURE 4. Molecular phylogeny of Gracillariidae, showing relationships among the Lithocolletinae species sampled for eight nuclear genes in this study. ML bootstrap values are shown above branches, Bayesian posterior probabilities shown below. African taxa are indicated with an asterisk. Scale bar = 0.09 substitutions/site.
FIGURES 123–131 in Systematics, revisionary taxonomy, and biodiversity of Afrotropical Lithocolletinae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)
FIGURES 123–131. Diagnostic characters in hind legs between congeneric Afrotropical Lithocolletinae species. 123, Cameraria fara, hind tarsus white with a brownish spot subbasally and two blackish rings: narrow medially and broad subapically, tarsomere V white. 124, Cameraria landryi, hind tarsus white with two blackish small spots basally and two blackish rings: narrow medially and broad subapically, tarsomere V white with dark fuscous tip. 125, Cameraria varii, hind tarsus white with a blackish small spot basally and three blackish rings of median width, tarsomere V white. 126, Phyllonorycter encaeria, hind tarsomeres I–III with faint fuscous subapical patches. 127, Phyllonorycter lantanae, hind tarsomere I with subbasal and subapical dark fuscous patches, tarsomere II with dark fuscous apical half, tarsomere III with a dark fuscous basal half. 128, Phyllonorycter anchistea, hind tarsomere I dotted. 129, Phyllonorycter melanosparta, hind tarsomere I not dotted. 130, Phyllonorycter hibiscina, hind tarsomere I white with a dark fuscous apex. 131, Phyllonorycter pavoniae, hind tarsomere I with a faint subapical ochreous patch.
FIGURES 151–156. Male genitalia. Scale bar 100 in Systematics, revisionary taxonomy, and biodiversity of Afrotropical Lithocolletinae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)
FIGURES 151–156. Male genitalia. Scale bar 100 µm. 151–153, Cameraria hexalobina, holotype, the drawing is made by Willy De Prins after the genitalia prep. Vári 6927, in TMSA. 151, ventral view. 152, sternum VIII. 153, aedoeagus. 154–156, Cameraria landryi, holotype, genitalia prep. MRAC/KMMA 00417, in RMCA. 154, ventral view. 155, sternum VIII. 156, aedoeagus.
FIGURES 176–181. Male genitalia. Scale bar 100 in Systematics, revisionary taxonomy, and biodiversity of Afrotropical Lithocolletinae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)
FIGURES 176–181. Male genitalia. Scale bar 100 µm. 176–181, Phyllonorycter agassizi, holotype, genitalia prep. MRAC/ KMMA 00655, in RMCA. 176, ventral view. 177, sternum VIII. 178, aedoeagus. 179, valva. 180, aedoeagus (enlarged). 181, sternum VIII (enlarged).
FIGURES 93–98. Adults. Scale bar 1 in Systematics, revisionary taxonomy, and biodiversity of Afrotropical Lithocolletinae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)
FIGURES 93–98. Adults. Scale bar 1 mm. 93, Phyllonorycter melhaniae, ♀, South Africa, Potgietersrus, 26.iv.1968, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000003361. 94, Phyllonorycter rongensis, holotype ♀, Kenya, Rift Valley, Rongai, 06.i. 2000, leg. D.J.L. Agassiz, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000003269. 95, Phyllonorycter mida, holotype ♀, Kenya, Arabuko Sokoke Forest, 27.iii.2004, leg. J. & W. De Prins, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000003282. 96, Phyllonorycter mida, paratype ♀, Yemen, Shabwah, Abdalla Garib Plateau, 02.v.1999, leg. M. Fibiger et al., in ZMUC. 97, Phyllonorycter tsavensis, holotype ♀, Kenya, Tsavo, 11.iv.2002, leg. J. De Prins, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000003268. 98, Phyllonorycter obandai, paratype ♂, Kenya, Rift Valley, Turi, 27.ii.2000, leg. D.J.L. Agassiz, in BMNH.
FIGURES 99–104. Adults. Scale bar 1 in Systematics, revisionary taxonomy, and biodiversity of Afrotropical Lithocolletinae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)
FIGURES 99–104. Adults. Scale bar 1 mm. 99, Phyllonorycter farensis, holotype ♂, Cameroon, North Province, Faro riverside, 24.xi.2003, leg. J. De Prins, specimen ID: 000002948. 100, Phyllonorycter farensis, paratype ♂, Cameroon, North Province, Faro riverside, 25.xi.2003, leg. J. De Prins, specimen ID: 000002962. 101, Phyllonorycter fletcheri, holotype ♂, Uganda, Rwenzori Mountains, Ibanda, 12.ix.1952, leg. D.S. Fletcher, in BMNH. 102, Phyllonorycter gozmanyi, holotype ♂, Cameroon, North Province, Faro riverside, 29.xi.2003, leg. J. De Prins, specimen ID: 000002959. 103, Phyllonorycter gozmanyi, holotype ♂, Cameroon, North Province, Faro riverside, 01.xii.2003, leg. J. De Prins, specimen ID: 000002960. 104, Phyllonorycter maererei, holotype ♂, Tanzania, Morogoro, 13.vii.2009, leg. J. & W. De Prins, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005330.
FIGURES 75–80. Adults. Scale bar 1 in Systematics, revisionary taxonomy, and biodiversity of Afrotropical Lithocolletinae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)
FIGURES 75–80. Adults. Scale bar 1 mm. 75, Phyllonorycter caudasimplex, holotype ♀, Nigeria, Ile-Ife, 30.xii.1971, leg. J.T.Medler, in BMNH. 76, Phyllonorycter leucaspis, paratype ♂, Namibia, Brandberg, 18.iii.2001, leg. W. Mey, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000004446. 77, Phyllonorycter ololua, holotype ♂, Kenya, Nairobi, Ololua Forest, 23.v.1999, leg. B. Bytebier, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000003274. 78, Phyllonorycter ruizivorus, holotype ♂, Reunion, St. Pierre, mine 02.x.1998, leg. S. Quilici, in BMNH. 79, Phyllonorycter ruizivorus, paratype ♂, Reunion, Le Port, mine 28.viii.2009, leg. J. Rochat, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000005299. 80, Phyllonorycter trochetellus, holotype ♂, Mauritius, mine ??iv.2004, leg. C. Müller, in BMNH.
FIGURES 117–122. Adults. Scale bar 1 in Systematics, revisionary taxonomy, and biodiversity of Afrotropical Lithocolletinae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)
FIGURES 117–122. Adults. Scale bar 1 mm. 117, Porphyrosela gautengi, holotype ♂, South Africa, Lebombo Mountains, Jozini Dam, 18.i.1965, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000004797. 118, Porphyrosela homotropha, paratype 4786♀, Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, 5.xii.1959, leg. E.M. Hering, in ZMHB. 119, Porphyrosela homotropha, ♀, Ethiopia, Tana Lake, Bahir Dar, 11–16.i.1996, leg. Mey & Ebert, in ZMHB. 120, Porphyrosela teramni, holotype 6497♂, South Africa, Pretoria, 22.xi.1948, leg. L. Vári, in TMSA. 121, Porphyrosela teramni, paratype 6520, South Africa, Pretoria, 22.xi.1948, leg. L. Vári, in TMSA. 122, Porphyrosela teramni, ♂, South Africa, Glenmore, 12.v.1971, specimen ID: RMCA ENT 000004794.
TABLE 5 in Systematics, revisionary taxonomy, and biodiversity of Afrotropical Lithocolletinae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)
<p><b>TABLE 5.</b> <i>Porphyrosela</i> species and their biogeographical regions. Twelve species are currently recognized in the world.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Region</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Species</th><td>Afrotropical</td><td>Australian</td><td>Nearctic</td><td>Neotropical</td><td>Oriental</td><td>Palaearctic</td></tr><tr><th><i>P. aglaozona</i> (Meyrick, 1882)</th><td></td><td>×</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>P. alternata</i> Kumata, 1993</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>×</td><td>×</td></tr><tr><th><i>P. desmodiella</i> Clemens, 1859</th><td></td><td></td><td>×</td><td>×</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>P. desmodivora</i> De Prins, n. sp.</th><td>×</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>P. dismochrysa</i> (Lower, 1897)</th><td></td><td>×</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>P. dorinda</i> (Meyrick, 1912)</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>×</td><td>×</td></tr><tr><th><i>P. gautengi</i> De Prins, n. sp.</th><td>×</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>P. hardenbergiella</i> (Wise, 1957)</th><td></td><td>×</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>P. homotropha</i> Vári, 1963</th><td>×</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>P. minuta</i> Clarke, 1953</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>×</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>P. neodoxa</i> (Meryrick, 1916)</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>×</td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>P. teramni</i> Vári, 1961</th><td>×</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Total species diversity by region</th><td>4</td><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>2</td></tr></tbody></table>
Data from: Who's for dinner? High-throughput sequencing reveals bat diet differentiation in a biodiversity hotspot where prey taxonomy is largely undescribed
Effective management and conservation of biodiversity requires understanding of predator–prey relationships to ensure the continued existence of both predator and prey populations. Gathering dietary data from predatory species, such as insectivorous bats, often presents logistical challenges, further exacerbated in biodiversity hot spots because prey items are highly speciose, yet their taxonomy is largely undescribed. We used high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and bioinformatic analyses to phylogenetically group DNA sequences into molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) to examine predator–prey dynamics of three sympatric insectivorous bat species in the biodiversity hotspot of south-western Australia. We could only assign between 4% and 20% of MOTUs to known genera or species, depending on the method used, underscoring the importance of examining dietary diversity irrespective of taxonomic knowledge in areas lacking a comprehensive genetic reference database. MOTU analysis confirmed that resource partitioning occurred, with dietary divergence positively related to the ecomorphological divergence of the three bat species. We predicted that bat species' diets would converge during times of high energetic requirements, that is, the maternity season for females and the mating season for males. There was an interactive effect of season on female, but not male, bat species' diets, although small sample sizes may have limited our findings. Contrary to our predictions, females of two ecomorphologically similar species showed dietary convergence during the mating season rather than the maternity season. HTS-based approaches can help elucidate complex predator–prey relationships in highly speciose regions, which should facilitate the conservation of biodiversity in genetically uncharacterized areas, such as biodiversity hotspots.
Data from: Who’s for dinner? High-throughput sequencing reveals bat diet differentiation in a biodiversity hotspot where prey taxonomy is largely undescribed
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Figure 4 from: Proćków J, Faltyn-Parzymska A, Jarzembowski P, Proćków M, Jakubska-Busse A (2020) How many type specimens can be stored in old lesser-known herbaria with turbulent histories? – A Juncus case study reveals their importance in taxonomy and biodiversity research. PhytoKeys 153: 85-110. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.153.50735
Figure 4 Country repsentation of Juncus specimens in WRSL. Y-axis: number of herbarium labels analysed. The African collection deserves particular attention (98 sheets (4.5%)), including sets from South Africa (64 sheets). The Asian collection (96 sheets) is dominated by plants from India (59). The percentage of plants from North America is as high as 10%.
Figure 2 from: Proćków J, Faltyn-Parzymska A, Jarzembowski P, Proćków M, Jakubska-Busse A (2020) How many type specimens can be stored in old lesser-known herbaria with turbulent histories? – A Juncus case study reveals their importance in taxonomy and biodiversity research. PhytoKeys 153: 85-110. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.153.50735
Figure 2 Origin of Juncus historically- and nomenclaturally-important specimens at WRSL according to country. Y-axis: number of herbarium sheets. Specimens most frequently originated from South Africa (42.3%). Juncus type specimens were collected by many distinguished botanists. Amongst these, the four individuals gathered 37.2% of Juncus specimens: C.F. Ecklon & C.L.P. Zeyher, C. Krauss and J.F. Drège.
Figure 1 from: Proćków J, Faltyn-Parzymska A, Jarzembowski P, Proćków M, Jakubska-Busse A (2020) How many type specimens can be stored in old lesser-known herbaria with turbulent histories? – A Juncus case study reveals their importance in taxonomy and biodiversity research. PhytoKeys 153: 85-110. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.153.50735
Figure 1 Percentage of different categories of Juncus specimens. Types, original material and specimens collected from the original type localities, by the author of the name ("topotypes") at WRSL.
TABLE 7 in Systematics, revisionary taxonomy, and biodiversity of Afrotropical Lithocolletinae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)
<p><b>TABLE 7.</b> Comparison of forewing pattern between <i>P. alternata</i> and <i>P. desmodivora</i>.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>alternata</th><th><i>desmodivora</i></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>strigulae are large semi-round or round shaped</th><td>strigulae are long rectangular shaped</td></tr><tr><th>strigulae are approximately of equal size</th><td>strigulae more than 2× difference in size</td></tr><tr><th>gaps between costal strigulae are approximately as large as the diameter of strigulae</th><td>gaps between costal strigulae are 3× and larger than the width of strigula</td></tr><tr><th>the first dorsal strigula is large and bold</th><td>the first dorsal strigula is small, hardly visible</td></tr></tbody></table>
TABLE 4 in Systematics, revisionary taxonomy, and biodiversity of Afrotropical Lithocolletinae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)
<p><b>TABLE 4.</b> Diagnostic comparisons between adults of <i>P. ruwenzori</i> and <i>P. triarcha</i>.</p><table><tbody><tr><th><b>Character</b></th><th><i>ruwenzori</i></th><th><i>triarcha</i></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Basal streak</th><td>absent</td><td>present</td></tr><tr><th>White curved stripe on apex of forewing</th><td>absent</td><td>present</td></tr><tr><th>Black irroration on apex and termen of forewing</th><td>absent</td><td>present</td></tr><tr><th>Male genitalia: valvae</th><td>long, longer than tegumen</td><td>short, compact, shorter than tegumen</td></tr><tr><th>Male genitalia: cucullus</th><td>a beak-shaped projection absent</td><td>terminates with a beak-shaped projection</td></tr><tr><th>Male genitalia: aedoeagus</th><td>~ 2× longer than tegumen</td><td>~ as long as tegumen</td></tr><tr><th>Female genitalia: sterigmatic sclerotization on segment VII</th><td>not developed</td><td>arc-shaped, strongly sclerotized suture</td></tr><tr><th>Female genitalia: ductus bursae</th><td>~ as long as segment VII</td><td>~ twice as long as segment VII</td></tr><tr><th>Female genitalia: corpus bursae</th><td>large, ca. twice longer than segment VII</td><td>small, shorter than segment VII</td></tr><tr><th>Female genitalia: signum on corpus bursae</th><td>posterior wall of corpus bursae bears heavily sclerotised area of ca. 30–32 sharp and thick, small spines</td><td>small transverse signum situated in middle of corpus bursae</td></tr></tbody></table>
TABLE 4 in Systematics, revisionary taxonomy, and biodiversity of Afrotropical Lithocolletinae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)
<p><b>TABLE 4.</b> Global distribution and diversity of lithocolletine species according to geographic regions</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Genera</th><th>Palaearctic</th><th>Nearctic</th><th>Afrotropical</th><th>Neotropical</th><th>Oriental</th><th>Australasian</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th><i>Cameraria</i></th><td>7</td><td>53</td><td>1</td><td>-</td><td>12</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th><i>Chrysaster</i></th><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th><i>Cremastobombycia</i></th><td>-</td><td>5</td><td>-</td><td>1</td><td>-</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><th><i>Hyloconis</i></th><td>5</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th><i>Leucanthiza</i></th><td>-</td><td>2</td><td>-</td><td>1</td><td>-</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th><i>Macrosaccus</i></th><td>1</td><td>4</td><td>-</td><td>1</td><td>-</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th><i>Neolithocolletis</i></th><td>1</td><td>-</td><td>1</td><td>-</td><td>2</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th><i>Phyllonorycter</i></th><td>259</td><td>78</td><td>22</td><td>13</td><td>32</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><th><i>Porphyrosela</i></th><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>3</td></tr><tr><th><i>Protolithocolletis</i></th><td>-</td><td>1</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td></tr><tr><th>Total</th><td>276</td><td>145</td><td>26</td><td>18</td><td>49</td><td>8</td></tr></tbody></table>
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