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139 results for “brown bears”
Data from: Ancient DNA reveals differences in behaviour and sociality between brown bears and extinct cave bears
Ancient DNA studies have revolutionized the study of extinct species and populations, providing insights on phylogeny, phylogeography, admixture and demographic history. However, inferences on behaviour and sociality have been far less frequent. Here, we investigate the complete mitochondrial genomes of extinct Late Pleistocene cave bears and middle Holocene brown bears that each inhabited multiple geographically proximate caves in northern Spain. In cave bears, we find that, although most caves were occupied simultaneously, each cave almost exclusively contains a unique lineage of closely related haplotypes. This remarkable pattern suggests extreme fidelity to their birth site in cave bears, best described as homing behaviour, and that cave bears formed stable maternal social groups at least for hibernation. In contrast, brown bears do not show any strong association of mitochondrial lineage and cave, suggesting that these two closely related species differed in aspects of their behaviour and sociality. This difference is likely to have contributed to cave bear extinction, which occurred at a time in which competition for caves between bears and humans was likely intense and the ability to rapidly colonize new hibernation sites would have been crucial for the survival of a species so dependent on caves for hibernation as cave bears. Our study demonstrates the potential of ancient DNA to uncover patterns of behaviour and sociality in ancient species and populations, even those that went extinct many tens of thousands of years ago.
Distribution of large carnivores in Europe 2012 - 2016: Distribution maps for Brown bear, Eurasian lynx, Grey wolf, and Wolverine
<p>Regular assessments of species' status are an essential component of conservation planning and adaptive management. They allow the progress of past or ongoing conservation actions to be evaluated and can be used to redirect and prioritise future conservation actions. Most countries perform periodic assessments for their own national adaptive management procedures or national red lists. Furthermore, the countries of the European Union have to report on the status of all species listed on the directives of the Habitats Directive every 6 years as part of their obligations under Article 17. However, these national level assessments are often made using non-standardised procedures and do not always adequately reflect the biological units (i.e. the populations) which are needed for ecologically meaningful assessments.</p> <p>Since the early 2000's the Large Carnivore Initiative for Europe (a Specialist Group of the IUCN's Species Survival Commission) has been coordinating periodic surveys of the status of large carnivores across Europe (e.g. von Arx et al. 2004; Salvatori & Linnell 2005, Kaczensky et al. 2013). These have covered the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx), the wolf (Canis lupus), the brown bear (Ursus arctos) and the wolverine (Gulo gulo). These surveys involve the contributions of the best available experts and sources of information. While the underlying data quality and field methodology varies widely across Europe, these coordinated assessments do their best to integrate the diverse data in a comparable manner and make the differences transparent. They also endeavour to conduct the assessments on the most important scales. This includes the continental scale (all countries except for Russia, Belarus, Moldova and the parts of Ukraine outside the Carpathian mountain range), the scale of the EU 28 (where the Habitats Directive operates) and of the biological populations which reflect the scale at which ecological processes occur (Linnell et al. 2008). In this way, the independent LCIE assessments provide a valuable complement to the ongoing national processes.</p> <p>Our last assessments covered the period 2006-2011 (Kaczensky et al. 2013; Chapron et al. 2014). The current assessment is mainly based on the period 2012-2016 and broadly follows the same methodology. The population definitions used in this report broadly follow those proposed in Linnell et al. (2008) and described in Kaczensky et al. (2013). However, as these were always intended to be dynamic definitions there have been a few small changes, namely the upgrading of the lynx in the Harz mountains to being a population (formerly they were viewed as an "occurrence"), and the exclusion of the wolves in the Sierra Morena mountains of southern Spain because of their regional extinction. </p> <p>Additional information on issues related to large carnivore status assessment is available in other reports. For example, Linnell & Cretois (2018) summarise data on large carnivore depredation on livestock, Linnell (2013) summarises data on social conflicts associated with large carnivore recovery, and Boitani et al. (2015) summarises key actions required to address the main threats facing large carnivores in Europe.</p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <ul> <li><span>Boitani, L., F. Alvarez, O. Anders, H. Andren, E. Avanzinelli, V. Balys, J. C. Blanco, U. Breitenmoser, G. Chapron, P. Ciucci, A. Dutsov, C. Groff, D. Huber, O. Ionescu, F. Knauer, I. Kojola, J. Kubala, M. Kutal, J. Linnell, A. Majic, P. Mannil, R. Manz, F. Marucco, D. Melovski, A. Molinari, H. Norberg, S. Nowak, J. Ozolins, S. Palazon, H. Potocnik, P.-Y. Quenette, I. Reinhardt, R. Rigg, N. Selva, A. Sergiel, M. Shkvyria, J. Swenson, A. Trajce, M. Von Arx, M. Wolfl, U. Wotschikowsky, D. Zlatanova, 2015. Key actions for Large Carnivore populations in Europe. Institute of Applied Ecology (Rome, Italy). Report to DG Environment, European Commission, Bruxelles. Contract no. 07.0307/2013/654446/SER/B3</span></li> <li><span>Chapron, G., Kaczensky, P., Linnell, J.D.C., von Arx, M., Huber, D., Andrén, H., López-Bao, J.V., Adamec, M., Álvares, F., Anders, O., Balčiauskas, L., Balys, V., Bedő, P., Bego, F., Blanco, J.C., Breitenmoser, U., Brøseth, H., Bufka, L., Bunikyte, R., Ciucci, P., Dutsov, A., Engleder, T., Fuxjäger, C., Groff, C., Holmala, K., Hoxha, B., Iliopoulos, Y., Ionescu, O., Jeremić, J., Jerina, K., Kluth, G., Knauer, F., Kojola, I., Kos, I., Krofel, M., Kubala, J., Kunovac, S., Kusak, J., Kutal, M., Liberg, O., Majić, A., Männil, P., Manz, R., Marboutin, E., Marucco, F., Melovski, D., Mersini, K., Mertzanis, Y., Mysłajek, R.W., Nowak, S., Odden, J., Ozolins, J., Palomero, G., Paunović, M., Persson, J., Potočnik, H., Quenette, P.-Y., Rauer, G., Reinhardt, I., Rigg, R., Ryser, A., Salvatori, V., Skrbinšek, T., Stojanov, A., Swenson, J.E., Szemethy, L., Trajçe, A., Tsingarska[1]Sedefcheva, E., Váňa, M., Veeroja, R., Wabakken, P., Wölfl, M., Wölfl, S., Zimmermann, F., Zlatanova, D. & Boitani, L. 2014. Recovery of large carnivores in Europe's modern human-dominated landscapes. Science 346(6216): 1517-1519.</span></li> <li><span>Kaczensky, P., Chapron, G., Von Arx, M., Huber, D., Andrén, H. & Linnell, J. 2013. Status, management and distribution of large carnivores - bear, lynx, wolf and wolverine - in Europe. Istituto di Ecologia Applicata, Rome, Italy.</span></li> <li><span>Linnell, J.D.C., Cretois, B., 2018. Research for AGRI Committee – The revival of wolves and other large predators and its impact on farmers and their livelihood in rural regions of Europe. Research for AGRI Committee – The revival of wolves and other large predators and its impact on farmers and their livelihood in rural regions of Europe, European Parliament, Policy Department for Structural and Cohesion Policies, Brussels.</span></li> <li>Linnell, J.D.C. 2013. From conflict to coexistence: insights from multi-disciplinary research into the relationships between people, large carnivores and institutions. Istituto di Ecologia Applicata, Rome.</li> <li>Linnell, J.D.C., Salvatori, V. & Boitani, L. 2008. Guidelines for population level management plans for large carnivores in Europe. A Large Carnivore Initiative for Europe report prepared for the European Commission (contract 070501/2005/424162/MAR/B2).</li> <li>Salvatori, V. & Linnell, J.D.C. 2005. Report on the conservation status and threats for wolf (Canis lupus) in Europe. Council of Europe Report T-PVS/Inf (2005) 16.</li> <li>von Arx, M., Breitenmoser-Würsten, C., Zimmermann, F. & Breitenmoser, U. 2004. Status and conservation of the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in Europe in 2001. KORA Report 19e: 1- 330.</li> </ul>
Disentangling the direct and indirect effects of canopy and understory vegetation on the foraging habitat selection of the brown bear Ursus arctos
<p>Elucidating the factors affecting the foraging habitat selection of wildlife can further our understanding of the animal– habitat relationships and inform wildlife conservation and management. Canopy and understory vegetation may directly or indirectly affect the foraging habitat selection of carnivores through changes in habitat structure and prey availability, respectively; however, the relative importance of these two effects remains largely unknown. Dwarf bamboo Sasa kurilensis is a predominant understory plant that suppresses regeneration in the forests of northern Japan. The purpose of this study was to disentangle the direct and indirect effects of canopy forest type Larix kaempferi plantation versus natural mixed forest) and dwarf bamboo on foraging habitat selection of a large carnivore, the brown bear Ursus arctos. In the Shiretoko World Heritage, brown bears dig for cicada nymphs during summer. We evaluated the frequency of brown bear foraging on cicadas by investigating traces of digging for cicada nymphs. A structural equation model was used to statistically disentangle the direct and indirect effects of vegetation. Our results demonstrated that canopy and understory vegetation directly and indirectly affected foraging habitat selection of brown bears. Dwarf bamboo negatively affected cicada nymph density, which positively affected brown bear digging. This suggests that dwarf bamboo also had indirect negative effects on brown bears. Forest type had significant direct and indirect effects via change in cicada nymph density on foraging behavior in brown bears. Forestry managers in northern Japan, including the study site, try to remove dwarf bamboo for assisting natural regeneration. Removal of dwarf bamboo by scarification might not only promote natural regeneration, but also provide a beneficial foraging habitat for bears.</p>
Fig. 1 in Morphological and molecular data of Hepatozoon ursi in two brown bears (Ursus arctos) in Turkey
Fig. 1. Gamonts of Hepatozoon ursi Kubo, Uni, Agatsuma, Nagataki, Panciera et al., 2008 in the cytoplasm of leukocytes; black arrows show the beak-like protrusion.
Fig. 2 in Morphological and molecular data of Hepatozoon ursi in two brown bears (Ursus arctos) in Turkey
Fig. 2. The phylogenetic tree based on partial sequences (630 bp) of the 18S rRNA gene of species Hepatozoon Miller, 1908, constructed using the neighbor-joining method. Adelina dimidiata (Schneider, 1875) was used as outgroup. New sequences of isolates of H. ursi from this study marked in bold. Numbers on branches indicate bootstrap values based on 1,000 replicates. Scale bar represents 0.02 nucleotide substitutions per site.
Supplementary material 1 from: Giangregorio P, Mucci N, Norman AJ, Pedrotti L, Filacorda S, Molinari P, Spong G, Davoli F (2023) Performance of SNP markers for parentage analysis in the Italian Alpine brown bear using non-invasive samples. Nature Conservation 53: 105-123. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.53.86739
Genetic and field data
Data from: Molecular phylogeny and SNP variation of polar bears (Ursus maritimus), brown bears (U. arctos) and black bears (U. americanus) derived from genome sequences
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Data from: Ancient DNA reveals differences in behaviour and sociality between brown bears and extinct cave bears
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Data from: Partial genomic survival of cave bears in living brown bears
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Data from: Infanticide as a male reproductive strategy has a nutritive risk effect in brown bears
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Data from: Sociodemographic factors modulate the spatial response of brown bears to vacancies created by hunting
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Distribution of large carnivores in Europe 2012 - 2016: Distribution maps for Brown bear, Eurasian lynx, Grey wolf, and Wolverine
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Stable isotopes reveal variation in consumption of Pacific salmon by brown bears, despite ready access in small streams
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Diet of the brown bear in Himalaya: combining classical and molecular genetic techniques
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Disentangling the direct and indirect effects of canopy and understory vegetation on the foraging habitat selection of the brown bear Ursus arctos
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Muscle transcriptome from active and hibernating brown bears (Ursus arctos)
GEO Series GSE144856. Ursus arctos. 12 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Expression analysis of white adipose, brown adipose tissue and gastrocnemius muscle isolated from tumor bearing mice treated with control IgG1 or anti-GFRAL 3P10
GEO Series GSE149263. Mus musculus. 47 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Figure 4 in Current status, distribution, and conservation of brown bear (Ursidae) and wild canids (gray wolf, golden jackal, and red fox; Canidae) in Turkey
Figure 4. The distribution map of red fox.
Figure 1 in Exceptional maternal lineage diversity in brown bears (Ursus arctos) from Turkey
Figure 1. Majority-rule consensus tree. The majority consensus tree of the 269-bp mtDNA control region data set listed in Table 1. Values at nodes are posterior probabilities. TMRCA calculations, with 95% confidence intervals, belonging to particular nodes are indicated with arrows. HDP and YBP refer to highest posterior density and years before present, respectively.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.