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4,775 results for “carbon”
Indirect impacts of a novel wildfire on a well-studied desert stream: connectivity, carbon, and communities
In 2020 the Bush Fire burned approximately half of the Sycamore Creek watershed in central Arizona. Sycamore Creek has been subject to >40 years of research and the stream has been monitored by NEON since 2017. We studied the effects of fire on biogeochemistry of the stream and its watershed. We deployed autosamplers to monitor stream chemistry during storms on the mainstem and in ephemeral tributaries draining burned and unburned watersheds. The storm sampling program commenced nearly a year following the fire because absence of summer monsoon or winter storms in 2020-21 resulted in no flow in tributaries and intermittent flow in the mainstem. Water chemistry was measured during 14 monsoon storms of 2021 and winter frontal storms of 2021-22 with samples of baseflow collected in the mainstem during intervening periods. Water samples were analyzed for dissolved organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and major anions and cations. We also measured nutrient content of ash and chemistry of ash leachate as a potential source of solutes to stream biota.
FAB 1: Forests and Biodiversity Experiment - High density diversity experiment: carbon budget data
This data represents changes in above and belowground C pools in young stands six years after the initiation of the Forests and Biodiversity experiment (FAB1) in 2013, consisting of high density plots of one, two, five, or 12 tree species planted in a common garden. Trees were planted to represent a range of native functional diversity, including needle-leaf conifer and broadleaf deciduous species as well as ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal species. We quantified the effects of species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and functional diversity on aboveground C accumulation, as well as on soil C accumulation, fine root C, and soil aggregation. To assess the role of the microbial community in mediating these effects, we further compared changes in soil C pools to phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) profiles collected in 2016.
Sawgrass Above and Below Ground Total Nitrogen and Total Carbon from the Shark River Slough, Everglades National Park (FCE LTER), Florida, USA, September 2002 - ongoing
Once a year during the dry season (Dec-May) three live sawgrass plants are collected from each site. These plants are divided into their live above and live below ground parts. Then both the above and below ground parts are analyzed for total nitrogen (TN), total carbon (TC), and total phosphorus (TP). The TN and TC data are included in this data package. For Shark River Slough sawgrass TP data, please see package knb-lter-fce.1071 in the FCE LTER website's data catalog or in the EDI repository.
Sawgrass Above and Below Ground Total Nitrogen and Total Carbon from the Taylor Slough, Everglades National Park (FCE LTER), Florida, USA, March 2002 - ongoing
Once a year during the dry season (Dec-May) three live sawgrass plants are collected from each site. These plants are divided into their live above and live below ground parts. Then both the above and below ground parts are analyzed for TN, TC, and TP.
Quantitative and qualitative aspects of dissolved organic carbon leached from plant biomass in Taylor Slough, Shark River and Florida Bay (FCE) for samples collected in July 2004
Plant biomass was collected from Taylor Slough, Shark River and Florida Bay in Everglades National Park. Samples were taken to the lab and incubated with Milli-Q water in the dark for a period of 36 days. NaN3 was added to half the bottles to test the role of microbial activity on the leaching rates and composition of leachate. Every three days the water was decanted and replaced with fresh Milli-Q water. The decanted samples were filtered and analyzed for DOC concentration, sugar content, and total phenol content.
Percentage of Carbon and Nitrogen of Soil Sediments from the Shark River Slough, Taylor Slough and Florida Bay within Everglades National Park (FCE LTER), Florida, USA, August 2008 - ongoing
These data represent the results of CHN Analysis from annual soil sampling from all 17 FCE LTER transect locations from Year 2008 thru ongoing. In 2017, the samples were collected before Hurricane Irma (2017a) and post Hurricane Irma (2017b). Surface soils from 0-10 cm been homogenized and analyzed from Sawgrass and mangrove sites and Florida Bay sites. Soils and sediments were analyzed for percentage by weight of total Carbon and Nitrogen with a PerkinElmer CHNS /O 2400 Series II Elemental Analyzer. These analyses are completed to document the differences in soil composition among transect sites, and to provide a baseline dataset against which long-term changes in the properties of the soils can be detected.
Water, Soil, Floc, Plant Total Phosphorus, Total Carbon, and Bulk Density data (FCE) from Everglades Protection Area (EPA) from 2004 to 2016
These data are a compillation of data from multiple sources including South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) DBhydro web database, United States Environment Protection Agency Regional, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (REMAP), Everglades Soil Mapping (ESM), and Florida Coastal Everglades Long Term Ecological Research (FCE-LTER). The matrix of these data were compiled for soil, surface water, floc, and plants where the nutrients are counted for total phosphorus, total carbon, and bulk density. When downloading the data from DBhydro, only regularly collected samples (SAMP) were included these data. As per DBhydro metadata, the regular samples were collected monthly by grab method throughout the year from 2004 to 2016 for SFWMD monitoring stations across the EPA. All flagged and field quality controlled values were excluded to avoid the duplication of data. In order to maintain the quality assurance/ quality control (QA/QC) the method detection limit for water TP was fixed at 2 µg/L by the SFWMD. This data set were used to assess the decadal trend of TP concentration in surface water and soil in EPA. Available data from 2004 to 2014 was collected for soils and from 2004 to 2016 for water to understand a decade of trends. Both Geographic Information System (GIS) and statistical data analysis were applied to determine changes in water quality and soil chemistry. These data are the basis for Shishir Sarker's Master's thesis.
Dissolved Organic Carbon Stable Isotopes and Lignin Phenols from Everglades National Park (FCE LTER), South Florida, USA, January 2019 - ongoing
Estuarine and coastal waters are home to more than half of the world's population and provide many social and economic benefits to society. Additionally, these ecosystems are sites of intense carbon cycling and are under pressure from changing land uses and climate. DOM is functionally defined as the OM passed through a 0.7 µm borosilicate glass fiber filter (GF/F) and is primarily made up of viruses, bacteria, colloids, lignins, humic substances, organic acids, and other small organic compounds (Repeta, 2015). Approximately 50% of DOM is generally considered to be dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (Stedmon and Nelson, 2015). Thus, DOC can be used as a proxy for quantifying DOM. Whole water samples were collected monthly from three different transects representing marl-dominated (Taylor Slough), peat-dominated (Shark River Slough), and seagrass-dominated (Florida Bay) environments. The water was filtered using 0.7 µm porosity glass fiber filters, then acidified to pH 2 and stored at 4°C until processing occurred. DOC concentration and the stable isotope ratio of DOC (δ13C-DOC) was measured on an OI Analytical TOC analyzer coupled to an Agilent Delta V plus Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer using high-temperature combustion (Lalonde et al., 2014). Dissolved vanillyl (vanillin, acetovanillone, vanillin acid), syringyl (syringaldehyde, acetosyringone, syringic acid), cinnamyl (p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid), and 3,5-hydroxybenzoic acid lignin phenols were isolated from ~2 liters of 0.7 µm filtered, acidified (pH 2) water by solid phase extraction (SPE) using 1g PPL cartridges that were pre-conditioned using pH 2 water and methanol. SPE cartridges were extracted using methanol, then dried and redissolved in 2N NaOH. Cupric oxide oxidation and liquid-liquid ethyl acetate extraction were used to extract lignin oxidation products (Hedges and Ertel, 1982, modified by Goñi and Hedges, 1995; Louchouarn et al., 2000; Goñi and Montgomery, 2000; Benner and Kaiser, 2011). Briefly, NaO
Survey of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and dissolved oxygen (DO) along the Duplin River in 2014
A transect measure of inorganic carbon and oxygen level at 12 equidistant stations along the Duplin Rvier were conducted at sunrise, sunset and next sunrise for each season in 2014 in order to estimate the air-water exchange, longitudinal mixing and metabolism of the Duplin River ecosystem.
Anchor sampling of inorganic carbon (DIC) and dissolved oxygen (DO) at the flux tower tidal creek in the Duplin River
An anchor sampling of DIC and DO level at the mouth of a first order creek of the Duplin was conducted seasonally in order to estimate the metabolism and CO2/O2 dynamics of water when it floods the marsh where the GCE LTER project operates an eddy covariance tower.
Carbon exchange responses of rehydrated and incubated biological soil crust samples from White Sands National Park in 2020-2022
This dataset contains photosynthetic light response data from biological soil crusts collected from a gypsum sand sheet at White Sands National Park, NM, USA in three different seasons. This study aims to 1) assess the carbon fixation capacity of biocrust types; 2) assess biocrust carbon fixation response under varying incubation times; 3) and understand variability in carbon fixation response in different seasons. Sample collection occurred in July 2020 (summer), September 2021 (fall), and March 2022 (winter). The biocrust types of interest were light cyanobacterial, dark cyanobacterial, Peltula lichen, Clavascidium lichen, and moss crusts. Samples were collected with the intention of taking carbon fixation measurements after different incubation periods (30 min, 2 hr, 6 hr, 12hr, or 24 hr in 2020, and 30 min, 2 hr, 6 hr, 12hr, 24 hr, or 36 hr in 2021 and 2022). For each condition (biocrust type and incubation time) there were five replicates in 2020 (total n=125) and ten replicates in 2021 and 2022 (total n=300). After collection, the intact samples were re-wetted and subjected to their respective incubation period and measured for photosynthetic response. The resulting light response curves and photosynthetic information was be used for comparing biocrust type, incubation time response differences, and seasonal variation to understand variability of biocrust carbon flux response at a single site. This data set includes the light response curve values and photosynthetic data calculated from these curves and raw LICOR output files compiled into 3 spreadsheet files. The included 2020 data is also associated with the White Sands National Park data from Jornada Study 549. This dataset accompanies the in-press article by Hoellrich et al. (2023) cited below, and the study is now complete. Hoellrich, Mikaela R., Darren K. James, David Bustos, Anthony Darrouzet-Nardi, Louis S. Santiago, and Nicole Pietrasiak. "Biocrust carbon exchange varies with crust type and time on Ch
Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) and Dissolved Total Nitrogen (DTN) from Northeast U.S. Shelf Long Term Ecological Research (NES-LTER) Transect cruises, ongoing since 2022
Dissolved organic carbon and dissolved total nitrogen are measured from discrete bottle samples collected during CTD rosette casts on Northeast U.S. Shelf Long-Term Ecological Research (NES-LTER) transect cruises (ongoing since 2022). Sampling frequency is approximately seasonal. Sample collection is paired with particulate organic carbon at surface, subsurface chlorophyll max, and sometimes a third depth. Samples are filtered directly from the CTD rosette and acidified in the field, then analyzed using a Shimadzu TOC-LCPH total organic carbon analyzer coupled to a TNM-L analyzer for total nitrogen. Values are reported in micromoles per liter.
Particulate organic carbon (POC) and nitrogen (PON) from Northeast U.S. Shelf Long Term Ecological Research (NES-LTER) Transect cruises, ongoing since 2017
Particulate organic carbon and nitrogen are measured from discrete bottle samples collected during CTD-rosette casts on Northeast U.S. Shelf Long-Term Ecological Research (NES-LTER) Transect cruises (ongoing since 2017). Sampling frequency is approximately seasonal. Samples were filtered and collected on combusted glass fiber filters, pelletized using ultra clean tin disks, and combusted using a Flash EA1112 CHN analyzer to calculate concentrations of particulate organic carbon and particulate organic nitrogen in micromoles per liter. Values are also reported as concentrations in micrograms per liter and carbon to nitrogen molar ratio.
Modeled Organic Carbon, Dissolved Oxygen, and Secchi for six Wisconsin Lakes, 1995-2014
This data package contains model output data, driving data, and supplemental information for a two-layer modeling study that investigated organic carbon and oxygen dynamics within six Wisconsin lakes over a twenty-year period (1995-2014). The six lakes are Lake Mendota, Lake Monona, Trout Lake, Allequash Lake, Big Muskellunge Lake, and Sparkling Lake. The model output includes daily predictions of six state variables: labile particulate organic carbon, recalcitrant particulate organic carbon, labile dissolved organic carbon, recalcitrant dissolved organic carbon, dissolved oxygen, and Secchi depth. The output also includes daily predictions of physical and metabolism fluxes that were used in the prediction of the state variables. This data package also contains model driving data for each lake and other supplemental information that was calculated during the modeling runs.
Soil nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide concentration data for Niwot Ridge and Loch Vale watershed, 1994.
Concentrations of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide from snow-covered alpine soil surfaces were measured at Niwot Ridge. Six sites characterized by relatively shallow snowpacks were sampled in 1993. A total of 27 sites were sampled in 1994. Nine of the 1994 sites were located in the naturally shallow snowfield sampled in 1993, 9 sites were located in a formerly shallow snowpack site where snow depth was augmented by the construction of a 2.8-m high, 60-m long snowfence, and the 9 remaining sites were located in a naturally deep snowpack. Concentrations of N2O and CO2 at the soil surface were measured monthly from January until March, biweekly through April, and weekly until snowmelt was complete. Elevated levels of CO2 under the snowpack, suggesting microbial activity, were first observed under the shallow snowpacks in early March of 1993. N2O production under snow was first observed in April 1993, when soil temperatures had warmed above -3 degrees C. In 1994 shallow snowpack sites exhibited diminished and sporadic production of both CO2 and N2O, apparently due to the inconsistent snow cover compared to 1993. The snowfence sites exhibited elevated CO2 and N2O levels beginning in February 1994. Both CO2 and N2O fluxes from the snowfence site were similar to those measured under the naturally deep snowpack. These data suggest that the timing and depth of snow cover during the alpine winter control microbial activity by insulating soils from extreme air temperatures. To obtain a regional perspective on subnivean trace gas fluxes, both CO2 and N2O samples were determined at sites below treeline on Niwot Ridge and at Loch Vale in Rocky Mountain National Park.
Soil nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide flux data for Niwot Ridge and Loch Vale watershed, 1994.
Fluxes of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide from snow-covered alpine soils were measured at Niwot Ridge. Six sites characterized by relatively shallow snowpacks were sampled in 1993. A total of 27 sites were sampled in 1994. Nine of the 1994 sites were located in the naturally shallow snowfield sampled in 1993, 9 sites were located in a formerly shallow snowpack site where snow depth was augmented by the construction of a 2.8-m high, 60-m long snowfence, and the 9 remaining sites were located in a naturally deep snowpack. Concentrations of N2O and CO2 at the soil surface were measured monthly from January until March, biweekly through April, and weekly until snowmelt was complete. Elevated levels of CO2 under the snowpack, suggesting microbial activity, were first observed under the shallow snowpacks in early March of 1993. N2O production under snow was first observed in April 1993, when soil temperatures had warmed above -3 degrees C. In 1994 shallow snowpack sites exhibited diminished and sporadic production of both CO2 and N2O, apparently due to the inconsistent snow cover compared to 1993. The snowfence sites exhibited increased CO2 and N2O fluxes beginning in February 1994. Both CO2 and N2O fluxes from the snowfence site were similar to those measured under the naturally deep snowpack. These data suggest that the timing and depth of snow cover during the alpine winter control microbial activity by insulating soils from extreme air temperatures. To obtain a regional perspective on subnivean trace gas fluxes, both CO2 and N2O samples were determined at sites below treeline on Niwot Ridge and at Loch Vale in Rocky Mountain National Park.
Vertical fluxes of particulate carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus from a sediment trap deployed west of Palmer Station, Antarctica at a depth of 170 meters, 1992-2019.
Particulate organic matter is exported from the upper ocean euphotic zone in the form of large sinking particles and as dissolved material. Particle fluxes to depth link the surface and mesopelagic realm and supply food to the benthos. Sedimentation flux is typically measured with sediment traps of various designs. Palmer LTER has deployed a time-series trap near 64.5degrees S, 66.0degrees W since late 1992. The trap is moored in 300 m depth and collects sinking particles at 150 m. Deployments and analyses were performed by David Karl, University of Hawaii until 2002 when Hugh Ducklow took over the sediment trap operations.Sedimentation at the PAL site of the West Antarctic Peninsula demonstrates extreme seasonality, with a well-defined pulse in the Austral summer following sea ice retreat. Daily sedimentation rates during the summer flux event are among the highest recorded globally. During the Austral winter when the ocean is covered by sea ice and shrouded in darkness, fluxes are among the lowest observed anywhere. Sedimentation rates at PAL typically vary by 4 orders of magnitude. There is also order of magnitude variability in the total annual flux (area under the curve).
Dissolved Organic Carbon Concentration, Dissolved Organic Matter Optical Properties, and Water Quality Indicators in the Plum Island Estuary (PIE), Massachusetts, USA (2018-2023)
This is a data set of paired in situ measurements of water quality parameters, total suspended solids concentration, and concentration and optical properties (absorption coefficient spectra and fluorescence indices) of dissolved organic matter (DOM) collected between 2018 and 2023 in the Plum Island Estuary and nearshore waters. In situ water quality measurements (salinity, temperature, optical dissolved oxygen saturation, turbidity, and dissolved organic matter fluorescence) were collected with a water quality sonde from the surface (top 1 m of water column), along with corresponding samples that were processed and analyzed in the lab for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, chromophoric DOM (CDOM), absorption coefficient spectra, DOM excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence, and total suspended sediment (TSS) concentration. The data were used in multiple studies (see manuscripts listed below) focusing on the dynamics of DOC and CDOM in the Plum Island Estuary.
A grazing crab drives saltmarsh carbon storage and recovery in VA, SC, and GA
Consumers can directly (e.g., consumption) and indirectly (e.g., trophic cascades) influence carbon cycling in blue carbon ecosystems. Previous work found that large grazers have nuanced effects on carbon stocks, yet, small, bioturbating-grazers, which remove plant biomass and alter sediment properties, remain an understudied driver of carbon cycling. We used field-derived and remote sensing data to quantify the grazing effects of the purple marsh crab, Sesarma reticulatum, on carbon stocks, flux, and recovery in salt marshes. Sesarma fronts led to a carbon loss of around 40-70% and Sesarma front migration rates accelerated over time. Despite latitudinal differences, front migration rate had no effect on carbon stocks, flux, or time to replacement. When we included Sesarma disturbance in carbon flux calculations, we found it may take 5-100 years for marshes to replace lost carbon, if at all. Combined, we show that small grazers cause a net loss in carbon stocks as they move through the landscape, and irrespective of migration rate, these grazer-driven impacts persist for decades. This work showcases the significant role of consumers in carbon storage and flux, challenging the classic paradigm of plant-sediment feedbacks as the primary ecogeomorphic driver of carbon cycling in blue carbon ecosystems.
Carbon and water fluxes in a cork oak woodland in Central Portugal
<p>The Data set contains eddy covariance measurements of carbon and water fluxes and ancillary measurements observed at a cork oak woodland (<em>Quercus suber </em>L.) in central Portugal. The climate is Mediterranean, with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers.</p> <p>Data are available in the file data.csv (UTF-8 encoding), the description of the variables and units are available in the file meta.csv (UTF-8 encoding).</p> <p>Further description of the site, methods and data processing can be viewed in the files metadata.pdf and metadata.csv</p> <p> </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.