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655 results for “constrain”
Crustal thicknesses, Moho depths and 3-D density anomaly model for GJI paper: Crustal structure of onshore-offshore Atlantic Canada and environs from constrained 3-D gravity inversion using variable mesh depths by J. Kim Welford
<p>The files are provided as ascii text files in terms of both latitudes/longitudes and eastings/northings. For the 3-D density anomaly model, it is provided with columns of x, y, z, and absolute density. The conversions from latitudes/longitudes to eastings/northings for all of the models and maps in this work are computed with ellipsoid WGS-84 and UTM zone 19 using Generic Mapping Tools.</p>
Data for: A diverse parasite pool can improve effectiveness of biological control constrained by genotype-by-genotype interactions
<p>The outcomes of biological control programs can be highly variable, with natural enemies often failing to establish or spread in pest populations. This variability has posed a major obstacle in use of the bacterial parasite <em>Pasteuria</em> <em>penetrans</em> for biological control of <em>Meloidogyne</em> species, economically devastating plant-parasitic nematodes for which there are limited management options. A leading hypothesis for this variability in control is that infection is successful only for specific combinations of bacterial and nematode genotypes. Under this hypothesis, failure of biological control results from the use of <em>P</em>. <em>penetrans</em> genotypes that cannot infect local <em>Meloidogyne</em> genotypes. We tested this hypothesis using isofemale lines of <em>M</em>. <em>arenaria</em> derived from a single field population and multiple sources of <em>P</em>. <em>penetrans</em> from the same and nearby fields. In strong support of the hypothesis, susceptibility to infection depended on the specific combination of host line and parasite source, with lines of <em>M</em>. <em>arenaria</em> varying substantially in which <em>P</em>. <em>penetrans</em> source could infect them. In light of this result, we tested whether using a diverse pool of <em>P</em>. <em>penetrans</em> could increase infection and thereby control. We found that increasing the diversity of the <em>P</em>. <em>penetrans</em> inoculum from one to eight sources more than doubled the fraction of <em>M</em>. <em>arenaria</em> individuals susceptible to infection and reduced variation in susceptibility across host lines. Together, our results highlight genotype-by-genotype specificity as an important cause of variation in biological control and call for the maintenance of genetic diversity in natural enemy populations.</p>
Data for: DNA metabarcoding uncovers dispersal-constrained arthropods in a highly fragmented restoration setting
<p>Degraded areas are often restored through active revegetation, however recolonisation by animals is rarely engineered. Recolonisation may be rapid for species with strong dispersal abilities. However, poor dispersers, such as many flightless arthropods, may struggle to recolonise newly restored sites. Actively reintroducing or 'rewilding' arthropods may therefore be necessary to facilitate recolonisation and restoration of arthropod communities and the ecological functions they perform. However, active interventions are rare. The purpose of this study was twofold. First, we asked whether potential source remnant arthropod communities were dispersal-constrained and struggling to recolonise restoration sites. Second, we tested whether reintroducing entire arthropod communities from remnant populations would help dispersal-constrained species establish during farmland ecological restoration in southern Australia. Rewilding was conducted in summer 2018 by transplanting leaf litter, soil, and entire communities contained within it from remnant source populations into geographically isolated restoration sites, which were paired with untreated controls (n = 6 remnant, rewilding transplant, and control sites). We collected leaf litter and extracted arthropod communities 19 months after the initial rewilding event, then sequenced mite, springtail, and insect communities using a metabarcoding approach. Within all groups, community similarity decreased with spatial distance between sites, suggesting significant dispersal barriers. However, only mite communities showed a strong response to rewilding, which was expressed as increased compositional similarity towards remnant sites and greater species richness relative to controls. Our results demonstrate that many arthropod species may struggle to recolonise geographically isolated restoration sites and that full community restoration requires active interventions via rewilding.</p>
Supplementary material data for: Unstable environmental conditions constrain the fine-tune between opsin sensitivity and underwater light in an Amazon forest stream fish
<p>Visual adaptations can stem from variations in amino acid composition, chromophore utilization, and differential opsin gene expression levels, enabling individuals to adjust their light sensitivity to environmental lighting conditions. In stable environments, adaptations often involve amino acid substitutions, whereas in unstable conditions, differential gene expression may be a more relevant mechanism. Amazon forest streams present diverse underwater lighting conditions and experience short-term water colour fluctuations. In these environments, it is less likely for genetic and amino acid sequences to undergo modifications that tailor opsin proteins to the prevailing lighting conditions, particularly in species having several copies of the same gene. The sailfin tetra, <em>Crenuchus spilurus</em>, inhabits black and clear water Amazon forest streams. The long wavelength sensitivity (LWS) is an important component for foraging and courtship. Here, we investigated LWS opsin genes in the <em>sailfin tetra</em>. Three copies of LWS1 and two copies of LWS2 genes were found. The maximum absorbance wavelength (λmax) estimated from the amino acid sequences of LWS1 genes exhibited variation among the different copies. In contrast, the copies of LWS2 genes showed identical expected λmax values. Although the amino acid positions affecting λmax varied among LWS genes, they remained consistent among populations living in different water colours. The relative expression levels of LWS genes differed between gene copies. While not formally tested, our results suggest that in fluctuating environments, visual adaptations may primarily stem from alterations in gene expression profiles and/or chromophore usage rather than precise genetic tuning of protein light sensitivity to environmental lighting conditions.</p>
Human access constrains optimal foraging and habitat availability in an avian generalist
<p>Animals balance costs of anti-predator behaviors with resource acquisition to minimize hunting and other mortality risks and maximize their physiological condition. This inherent trade-off between forage abundance and quality, and mortality risk is intensified in human-dominated landscapes because fragmentation, habitat loss, and degradation of natural vegetation communities is often coupled with artificially-enhanced vegetation (i.e., food plots) creating high-risk high-reward resource selection decisions. Our goal was to evaluate autumn–winter resource selection trade-offs for an intensively hunted avian generalist. We hypothesized human access was a reliable cue for hunting predation risk and thus predicted resource selection patterns would be spatiotemporally dependent upon levels of access and their perceived risk. Specifically, we evaluated resource selection of local-scale flights between diel periods of 426 mallards (<em>Anas</em> <em>platyrhynchos</em>) relative to wetland type, forage quality, and differing levels of human access across hunting and non-hunting seasons. Mallards selected areas that prohibited human access and generally avoided areas that allowed access diurnally, especially during hunting season. Mallards compensated by selecting for high-energy and greater quality foraging patches on allowable human access areas nocturnally when they were devoid of hunters. Post-season selection across human access gradients did not return to pre-hunting levels immediately, perhaps suggesting a delayed response to reacclimate to non-hunted activities and thus agreeing with the assessment mismatch hypothesis. Last, wetland availability and human access constrained selection for optimal natural forage quality (i.e., seed biomass and forage productivity) diurnally during pre-season and hunting season, respectively; however, mallards were freed from these constraints nocturnally during hunting season and during post-season. Our results suggest risk-avoidance of human accessible (i.e., hunted) areas is a primary driver of resource selection behaviors by mallards and could be a local to landscape-level process influencing distributions, instead of forage abundance and quality, which has long-been assumed by waterfowl conservation planners in North America. Broadly, even an avian generalist, well-adapted to anthropogenic landscapes, avoids areas where hunting and human access is allowed. Future conservation planning and implementation must consider management for recreational access (i.e., people) equally important as foraging habitat management for wintering waterfowl.</p>
Hunting constrains wintering mallard response to habitat and environmental conditions
<p>The spatiotemporal allocation of activity is fundamental to how organisms balance energetic intake and predation risk. Activity patterns fluctuate daily and seasonally, and they are proximately affected by exogenous and endogenous conditions. For birds, flight activity is often necessary for relocating between foraging patches but is energetically expensive and can increase mortality risk. Hunted species may have to adjust their behavior and activity patterns to minimize anthropogenic mortality risk. We used hourly locations from 336 GPS-marked mallards (<em>Anas platyrhynchos</em>) to examine how hunting pressure affected flight activity in response to weather conditions and habitat availability during winter in western Tennessee, USA. Mallards were more likely to fly during crepuscular times, particularly dusk, across winter months. Mallards conducted more flights after shooting hours when habitat availability increased during open hunting season; conversely, mallard flights decreased with increasing habitat availability when hunters were present on the landscape. Mallards were least active during periods open to hunting. However, indicators of approaching inclement weather (i.e., increased wind speed, precipitation, and decreasing barometric pressure) increased flights during periods open to hunting. Mallard flights decreased at lower temperatures except when hunting season was closed, wherein mallards increased nighttime flights. Flight activity was directly influenced by hunting disturbance which constrained when and how mallards reacted to environmental and habitat conditions. An understanding of the temporal shifts in waterfowl flight patterns can be used by natural resource managers to better manage stakeholder satisfaction and expectations.</p>
Supplementary material for "A Constrained Spectral Approximation of Subgrid-Scale Orography on Unstructured Grids"
<p>Supplementary material for:</p> <ul> <li>Chew, R.; Dolaptchiev, S.; Wedel, M.-S.; Achatz, U. <br>A Constrained Spectral Approximation of Subgrid-Scale Orography on Unstructured Grids</li> </ul> <p>The <em>results_datasets.tar.gz</em> archive contains the simulation datasets for the results presented in Fig. 4-9, 11-16, and B1.</p> <p>The <em>Fig_10-wind_direction_study.tar.gz</em> archive contains the simulation datasets for the results presented in Fig. 10.</p> <p>Input parameters necessary to reproduce these simulation runs are included as metadata (attributes) to the datasets. Otherwise, the input parameter scripts can be found in the <code>inputs</code> subpackage of the source code.</p> <p>Furthermore, the following results can be generated by the corresponding scripts:</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td><strong>Figures</strong></td> <td><strong>Scripts</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Fig. 1-3</td> <td><code>runs.idealised_isosceles</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Fig. D1</td> <td><code>runs.taper_test</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Fig. E1</td> <td><code>runs.idealised_delaunay</code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <p>Refer to the software repository URL for details on downloading the source code.</p> <p> </p>
Phosphorus Limitation Directly and Indirectly Constrains Tree Photosynthesis and Productivity: Evidence from a Global Meta-Analysis
<p>These dataset contains the source data and the correposnding code for the paper explained above.</p>
Ice-Nucleating Particle Concentrations from the MC2/ISLAS 2021 campaign in Andenes, and NorESM2 simulations with observationally constrained INPs
<p>This dataset containts the data for the article <strong>Using a region-specific ice-nucleating particle parameterization improves the representation of Arctic clouds in a global climate model </strong>(https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-1617-2025), published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP). It consists of ice-nucleating particle (INP) measurements collected as part of the MC2/ISLAS campaign in Andenes, Norway (69<em>° </em>18’ N, 16<em>°</em> 07’ E) in 2021. Additionally, it consists of simultaneous aerosol measurements, back trajectories for the INP measurement times, and model data from the Norwegian Earth System model (Seland et al., 2020) where INP concentrations where constrained in the Arctic using these INP measurements. </p> <p><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p><em>Projections of global climate change and Arctic amplification are sensitive to the representation of low-level cloud phase in climate models. Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) are necessary for primary cloud ice formation at temperatures above approximately -38 °C, and thus significantly affect cloud phase and cloud radiative effect. Due to their complex and insufficiently understood variability, INPs constitute an important modelling challenge, especially in remote regions with few observations, such as the Arctic. In this study, INP observations were carried out at Andenes, Norway in March 2021. These observations were used as a basis for an Arctic-specific and purely temperature-dependent INP parameterization, and implemented into the Norwegian Earth System Model. This implementation results in an annual average increase in cloud liquid water path (CLWP) of 70 % for the Arctic, and improves the representation of cloud phase compared to satellite observations. The change in CLWP in boreal autumn and winter is found to likely be the dominant contributor to the annual average increase in net surface cloud radiative effect of 2 W m<sup>-2</sup>. This large surface flux increase brings the simulation into better agreement with Arctic ground-based measurements. Despite that the model cannot respond fully to the INP parameterization change due to fixed sea surface temperatures, Arctic surface air temperature increases with 0.7 °C in boreal autumn. These findings indicate that INPs could have a significant impact on Arctic climate, and that a region-specific INP parameterization can be a useful tool to improve cloud representation in the Arctic region.</em></p> <p>The dataset contains three subsets:</p> <p>i) <strong>aerosol_data:</strong> Observations of Ice-Nucleating Particles (INPs) in Andenes, Norway, March 2021, as well as simultaneous aerosol measurements</p> <p>ii) <strong>INP_trajectories: </strong>Back trajectories at the time of INP measurements</p> <p>iii) <strong>model_data: </strong>Simulations with NorESM2 using the Andenes 2021 INP observations to constrain INPs in the Arctic</p> <p>Additionally, scripts for visualizing the data and for reproducing the NorESM2 model setup can be found in the folder <strong>scripts. </strong>The data folders and scripts folder should be in the same repository when running the scripts.</p> <p>Some of the scripts use other openly available datasets. The availability of these are listed below. All the specific datasets can also be provided to the user upon request. </p> <p>The CALIOP L2 data used to derive SLF metrics (used in Fig07.py) and the CERES EBAF data (used in Fig12.py) can be downloaded freely at <a href="https://search.earthdata.nasa.gov/" rel="nofollow">https://search.earthdata.nasa.gov/</a>. The derived SLF metrics can also be found at Bruno (2022), and are also described in Hofer et al. (2024) and Shaw et al. (2022). The CALIPSO-GOCCP data product (used in Fig08.py) can be downloaded from https://climserv.ipsl.polytechnique.fr/cfmip-obs/Calipso_goccp.html. The surface radiation flux (used in Fig13.py) can be downloaded freely at <a href="https://www.pangaea.de/" rel="nofollow">https://www.pangaea.de/</a>. The ERA5 data used to produce the back trajectories can be found at https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.bd0915c6. The colormap from Crameri et al. (2020) was used when preparing the figures. </p> <p>References:</p> <ul> <li>Bruno, O. (2022). Distributions of supercooled liquid fraction from CALIOP V4 [Data set]. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8289058" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8289058</a></li> <li>Crameri, F., Shephard, G.E. & Heron, P.J. The misuse of colour in science communication. <em>Nat Commun</em> <strong>11</strong>, 5444 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19160-7</li> <li>Hofer, S., Hahn, L.C., Shaw, J.K. et al. Realistic representation of mixed-phase clouds increases projected climate warming. Commun Earth Environ 5, 390 (2024). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01524-2" rel="nofollow">https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01524-2</a></li> <li>Seland, Ø., Bentsen, M., Olivié, D., Toniazzo, T., Gjermundsen, A., Graff, L. S., Debernard, J. B., Gupta, A. K., He, Y.-C., Kirkevåg, A., Schwinger, J., Tjiputra, J., Aas, K. S., Bethke, I., Fan, Y., Griesfeller, J., Grini, A., Guo, C., Ilicak, M., Karset, I. H. H., Landgren, O., Liakka, J., Moseid, K. O., Nummelin, A., Spensberger, C., Tang, H., Zhang, Z., Heinze, C., Iversen, T., and Schulz, M.: Overview of the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM2) and key climate response of CMIP6 DECK, historical, and scenario simulations, Geoscientific Model Development, 13, 6165–6200, <a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-6165-2020" rel="nofollow">https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-6165-2020</a>, 2020.</li> <li>Shaw, J., McGraw, Z., Bruno, O., Storelvmo, T., & Hofer, S. (2022). Using satellite observations to evaluate model microphysical representation of Arctic mixed-phase clouds. Geophysical Research Letters, 49, e2021GL096191. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL096191" rel="nofollow">https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL096191</a></li> </ul>
Spoiled for choice: Number of signalers constrains mate choice based on acoustic signals
<p>In many taxa, receivers use signals to detect and discriminate among mates. Signal detection and discrimination thus has important fitness consequences for individuals. Noise is defined as any factor that prevents detection or discrimination of signals. The noise produced by groups of signaling animals is a well-known impediment to signal detection and discrimination in animals, but how many signals produce the emergent, masking effects of noise? This dataset was generated to explore how receivers discriminate among signals in noisy, multi-choice environments. Subjects were female Australian field crickets, <em>Teleogryllus oceanicus. </em>We performed a series of phonotaxis (movement toward sound) assays in which we manipulated the number of long chirps in the signal. First, we assessed female preferences for the number of long chirp pulses and found that receivers preferred more long chirp pulses to fewer. Then we gave receivers a choice between a preferred, 7-pulse signal and either 1, 3, 5, or 7 presentations of the non-preferred, 2-pulse signal ("the multi-choice experiment"). We observed the probability that subjects left the release point, the probability that subjects responded to playback, and the probability of choosing the preferred stimulus. We also recorded the subject's latency to leave the release point and the latency to respond to playback. Because the angular separation between speakers decreased with increasing number of playback speakers in the multi-choice experiment, we then conducted an experiment ("the angular separation experiment") to determine whether observed effects were due to the spatial configuration of speakers or due to the emergent noise of multiple playback speakers. </p>
Data for the Scotogenic and EW-ino results presented in "Constraining new physics with SModelS version 2" (arxiv: 2112.00769 )
<p>Data used for the results presented in "Constraining new physics with SModelS version 2" (arXiv: <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.00769">2112.00769</a>).</p> <p>The following data files are available:</p> <ol> <li>EWinoData.tar.gz: contains the SLHA files for the random scan over the electroweak-ino parameter space. The tarball also contains the SModelS and Micromegas results for the corresponding points.</li> <li>ScotoScalarDMData.tar.gz: contains the SLHA files for the scan over the scotogenic model with a scalar DM candidate (neutral CP-even Higgs). The tarball also contains the SModelS results for the corresponding points.</li> <li>ScotoFermionDMData.tar.gz: contains the SLHA files for the scan over the scotogenic model with a fermionic DM candidate (lightest right-handed neutrino). The tarball contains 2 folders containing the SLHA files and the SModelS output. Each folder has the following structure: <ul> <li>mhc_<electronic/muonic/mixed>_decays: scenario with the charged Higgs decaying with a 100% BR to electron+N<sub>1</sub> muon +N<sub>1 </sub>or 50% BR to each (electron/muon) flavor <ul> <li>deltam_<5/50>: scenario with a 5 (50) GeV mass difference between the scalars. </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ol> <p> </p> <p>More details about the scans can be found in arXiv:<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.00769">2112.00769</a> .</p>
Existing land uses constrain climate change mitigation potential of forest restoration in India
<p>The datasets were developed as part of the publication "Existing land uses constrain climate change mitigation potential of forest restoration in India". Please refer to the manuscript for processing details.<br> <br> ForestBioclimaticEnvelop_ProjectionUTM is the bioclimatic envelope of forests developed. The data is in raster format (GeoTIFF 32bit Float) where pixel values = 1 represent the bioclimatic envelope of forests and remaning pixel values are NA. The spatial resolution is 60m in WGS 84 UTM 43N projection system.</p> <p>FinalOpportunity_AfterExclusions_ProjectionUTM is the feasible area of opportunity, after all exclusions of land uses and covers that cannot naturally regenerate to forests. The data is in raster format (GeoTIFF 32bit Float) where pixel values = 1 represent the bioclimatic envelope of forests and remaning pixel values are NA. The spatial resolution is 60m in WGS 84 UTM 43N projection system.</p>
Constraining the Size of the Torus of NGC 6418
<p>One of the main components of the unified model of AGN is the circumnuclear torus consisting of dusty molecular gas. It is important to understand the size and structure of the torus, as it often obscures our view of the central engine of the AGN. With the technique of reverberation mapping, the time variations of the UV/Optical (UVO) emission from the accretion disk can be analyzed with the infrared (IR) response of the torus dust. The time lag between the driving UVO emission and the IR response can be used to constrain the size of the torus.</p> <p>Our group used the Spitzer Space Telescope to observe 12 AGN over a period of 2.5 years during Spitzer cycles 8 and 9, at the wavelengths of 3.6 and 4.5 microns. Here, we present the cross-correlation analysis results for one of the objects, NGC 6418, which exhibited the largest variations seen in our sample and also exhibits characteristics of a changing-look AGN. A large optical flare occurs at the beginning of Cycle 9, after which the reverberation lag increases. The increase in the lag is most likely due to an increase in the inner radius of the torus, due to destruction of dust grains in the inner regions by sublimation.</p>
Biotic filtering by species' interactions constrains food-web variability across spatial and abiotic gradients
<p>Despite intensive research on species dissimilarity patterns across communities (i.e. beta-diversity), we still know little about their implications for variation in food-web structures. Our analyses of 50 lake and 48 forest soil communities show that, while species dissimilarity depends on environmental and spatial gradients, these effects are only weakly propagated to the networks. Moreover, our results show that species and food-web dissimilarities are consistently correlated, but that much of the variation in food-web structure across spatial, environmental, and species gradients remains unexplained. Novel food-web assembly models demonstrate the importance of biotic filtering during community assembly by (1) the availability of resources, and (2) limiting similarity in species' interactions to avoid strong niche overlap and thus competitive exclusion. This reveals a strong signature of biotic filtering processes during local community assembly, which constrains the variability in structural food-web patterns across local communities despite substantial turnover in species composition.</p>
Observational Dataset for "Constraining Global Coronal Models with Multiple Independent Observables", Badman et al. (2022). Arxiv : https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.11818
<p>Observational Dataset for "Constraining Global Coronal Models with Multiple Independent Observables", Badman et al. (2022). Arxiv : https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.11818</p> <p>-----------------------------<br> -----------------------------</p> <p>Contact : Samuel T. Badman (he/him) samuel_badman@berkeley.edu, Space Sciences Lab, UC Berkeley.</p> <p>-----------------------------<br> -----------------------------</p> <p>License : Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International</p> <p>-----------------------------<br> -----------------------------</p> <p>Research Goal of Dataset : Data supports the above titled work in defining a framework for evaluating the magnetic structure of global coronal models via the evaluation of three single valued metrics. This repository contains observational data products used as input for the studies described in this work with the aim to allow external coronal modelers to reproduce and evaluate their own work against the same dataset we used.</p> <p>-----------------------------<br> -----------------------------</p> <p>Structure of files : This repository contains three subfolders each containing observational data relating to the three metrics defined in Badman et. al. (2022). These are :</p> <p>-----------------------------</p> <p>1) ``Metric1_EUVCarringtonMaps''</p> <p>Content :</p> <p><carr_maps.####.final.h5> : Carrington maps of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emission as observed by the SDO/AIA. These files contain slices of different wavelengths together, saved in hdf5 format. Maps for Carrington rotations (#### = 2210,2215,2216,2221) span the time intervals of interest in the associated work. The 193 angstrom wavelength slice from these maps were used as input into the EZSEG algorithm (see manuscript text) to generate ``observations'' of coronal hole boundaries which can then be compared via binary classification to modeled open field boundaries.</p> <p><read_plot_example_metric1.py> : A python script which demonstrates reading in the hdf5 files and viewing the names of the different slices, then plots the 193 slice. The slice name of primary interest is 193A ('map_0193'), but slices at 171,211 angstrom, and a magnetogram are included.</p> <p>-----------------------------</p> <p>2) ``Metric2_StreamerBelt''</p> <p><read_plot_example_metric2.py> : A python script which demonstrates reading and plotting an example white light carrington map from this data set, as well as overplotting the downstream data extraction of the streamer maximum brightness (SMB) line.</p> <p><br> 2a) ``Metric2_StreamerBelt/WL_CarringtonMaps''</p> <p>Content :</p> <p><WL_CRMAP_YYYYMMDDTHHmmSS_LC2_5p0Rs.fits> : Carrington maps of white light intensity extracted at 5.0Rs altitude using coronagraph images taken by SOHO/LASCO, using the method described in the manuscript and Poirier et al. (2021). Maps at a daily cadence over each 60 day time interval studied in the manuscript are included here, incorporating the new data available as the sun rotated. Here saved as fits files.</p> <p><WL_CRMAP_YYYYMMDDTHHMMSS_LC2_5p0Rs.mat> : Carrington maps as above but saved in .mat format (MATLAB).</p> <p>2b) ``Metric2_StreamerBelt/SMB_Line_Extractions''</p> <p><C2_YYYMMDDHHmmSS_5.0Rs_SMB.ascii> : Downstream processed versions of the relevant White light carrington map from which the line of maximum brightness (SMB line) has been extracted, as well as the streamer belt "thickness" at each longitude. This is tabulated as a 3d coordinate gridded evenly in longitude, and each SMB grid point as a northwards and southwards thickness, tabulated in degrees. These data are described in the header of each file and the extraction process is described in detail in the manuscript.</p> <p>-----------------------------</p> <p>3)Metric3_InSituTimeSeries</p> <p>Content :</p> <p><E##_XYZ_polarity.txt> : In situ polarity timeseries for 60 day intervals at 1 hour cadences during PSP encounters ## = [01,02,03], measured by spacecraft XYZ = [PSP,STA,OMN], Parker Solar Probe, STEREO A and OMNI (Earth-L1 dataset). Data values are +/- 1 indicating if magnetic vector is directed sunward or antisunward for each hour. This value is determined as described in the main text by finding the peak of a histogram of 1D B_R values over that hour interval and taking its sign.</p> <p><read_plot_example_metric3.py> : A python script which demonstrates reading in the in situ timeseries for encounter 1 and plotting them.</p> <p><gen_ss_footpoints_psp.py> : A python script which demonstrates an open source method to produce source surface footpoints for a given spacecraft (here PSP) which can be used to sub-sample a HCS map provided by a modeler to generate a modeled time series which can be used to produce scores for metric 3 described in the associated manuscript.</p> <p>-----------------------------<br> -----------------------------</p> <p>Python scripts included in this dataset use python packages</p> <p>astropy - https://github.com/astropy/astropy<br> h5py - https://github.com/h5py/h5py<br> astrospice - https://github.com/dstansby/astrospice<br> matplotlib - https://github.com/matplotlib/matplotlib<br> sunpy - https://github.com/sunpy/sunpy</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Exploratory pilot study on resource allocation along the dementia continuum under constrained and unconstrained budget scenarios
<p>Supporting quantitative data for a pilot longitudinal balance of care study. </p>
Lithospheric deformation due to the 2015 M7.2 Sarez (Pamir) earthquake constrained by 5 years of space geodetic observations
<p>This zip file contains observations of postseismic surface deformation due to the 2015 Mw 7.2 Sarez earthquake derived from Sentinel-1 and ALOS-2 SAR data and GNSS positions over a time period of five years after the mainshock.</p>
Effects of Attentional Focus on Motor Performance and Physiology in a Slow-Motion Violin Bow-Control Task: Evidence for the Constrained Action Hypothesis in Bowed String Technique
<p>The constrained action hypothesis states that focusing attention on action outcomes rather than body movement improves motor performance. Dexterity of motor control is key to successful music performance, making this a highly relevant topic to music education. We investigated effects of focus of attention (FOA) on motor skill performance and EMG muscle activity in a violin bowing task among experienced and novice upper strings players. Following a pedagogically informed exercise, participants attempted to produce single oscillations of the string at a time under three FOA: internal (on arm movement), external (on sound produced), and somatic (on string resistance). Experienced players’ number of bow slips was significantly reduced under somatic focus relative to internal, although number of successful oscillations was not affected. Triceps electromyographic activity was also significantly lower in somatic compared to internal foci for both expertise groups, consistent with physiological understandings of FOA effects. Participants’ reported thoughts during the experiment provided insight into whether aspects of constrained action may be evident in performers’ conscious thinking. These results provide novel support for the constrained action hypothesis in violin bow control, suggesting a somatic FOA as a promising performance-enhancing strategy for bowed string technique.</p>
Data and models in Support of "Joint and Constrained Inversion as Hypothesis Testing Tools"
<p>The model and data files as well as the plotting and run scripts to reproduce the examples in "Joint and Constrained Inversion as Hypothesis Testing Tools".</p>
WorldClim, elevation and distribution data for all palms from: The ecology of palm genomes: Repeat-associated genome size expansion is constrained by aridity
<p>Genome size varies 2,400-fold across plants, influencing their evolution through changes in cell size and cell division rates which impact plants' environmental stress tolerance. Repetitive element expansion explains much genome size diversity, and the processes structuring repeat 'communities' are analogous to those structuring ecological communities. However, which environmental stressors influence repeat community dynamics has not yet been examined from an ecological perspective.</p> <p>We measured genome size and leveraged climatic data for 91% of genera within the ecologically diverse palm family (Arecaceae). We then generated genomic repeat profiles for 141 palm species, and analysed repeats using phylogenetically-informed linear models to explore relationships between repeat dynamics and environmental factors.</p> <p>We show that palm genome size and repeat 'community' composition are best explained by aridity. Specifically, <em>Ty3-gypsy</em> and <em>TIR </em>elements were more abundant in palm species from wetter environments, which generally had larger genomes, suggesting amplification. In contrast, <em>Ty1-copia</em> and <em>LINE </em>elements were more abundant in drier environments.</p> <p>Our results suggest that water stress inhibits repeat expansion through selection on upper genome size limits. However, elements which may associate with stress-response genes (e.g., <em>Ty1-copia</em>) have amplified in arid-adapted palm species. Overall, we provide novel evidence of climate influencing the assembly of repeat 'communities'. </p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.