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1,478 results for “coral reefs”
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Data in support of Edmunds 2012 Global Change Biology, v18 2173-2183
These data were generated from a one-time experiment in support of a coral ecophysiology manuscript; published in Global Change Biology 2012. Edmunds et al. (2012) Global Change Biology 18: 2173-2183 doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02695.x These data were collected to test the hypothesis that the response of corals to temperature and pCO2 is consistent between taxa. Juvenile massive Porites spp. and branches of P. rus from the back reef of Moorea were incubated for 1 month under combinations of temperature (29.3 °C and 25.6 °C) and pCO2 (41.6 Pa and 81.5 Pa) at an irradiance of 599 μmol quanta m-2 s-1. Using microcosms and CO2 gas mixing technology, treatments were created in a partly nested design (tanks) with two between-plot factors (temperature and pCO2), and one within-plot factor (taxon); calcification was used as a dependent variable. A compilation of studies placed the present results in a broader context and tested the hypothesis that calcification for individual coral genera is independent of pH, [HCO3 -], and [CO3 2-]. Unlike recent reviews, this analysis was restricted to studies reporting calcification in units that could be converted to nmol CaCO3 cm-2 h-1. These data include coral growth, seawater temperature, and salinity, and seawater carbonate chemistry including total alkalinity, pH, carbon dioxide (pCO2) and saturation state of aragonite (omega).
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Data in support of Wall and Edmunds 2013 Biological Bulletin, v225 no. 2, 92-101
These data were generated from a one-time experiment in support of a coral ecophysiology manuscript published in The Biological Bulletin. Wall and Edmunds (2013) The Biological Bulletin vol. 225 no. 2: 92-101 Juvenile colonies of massive Porites spp. were exposed to manipulated pH and bicarbonate ([HCO3 -]) in situ to test the hypothesis that ocean acidification (OA) does not affect respiration and calcification. Incubations lasted 28 h and exposed corals to ambient temperature and light with ecologically relevant water motion. Three treatments were applied: (1) ambient conditions of pH 8.04 and 1751 μmol HCO3 - kg-1 (Treatment 1), (2) pCO2-induced ocean acidification of pH 7.73 and 2011 μmol HCO3 - kg-1 (Treatment 2), and (3) pCO2 and HCO3 --enriched seawater of pH 7.69 and 2730 μmol HCO3 - kg-1 (Treatment 3). The third treatment providing elevated [HCO3 -] was used to test for stimulatory effects of dissolved inorganic carbon on calcification under low pH and low saturation of aragonite (Ωarag), but it does not reflect conditions expected to occur under CO2-driven OA. Calcification of juvenile massive Porites spp. was affected by treatments, with an 81% elevation in Treatment 3 versus Treatment 1, but no difference between Treatments 1 and 2; respiration and the metabolic expenditure concurrent with calcification remained unaffected. These findings indicate that juvenile massive Porites spp. are resistant to short exposures to OA in situ, and separately, that they can increase calcification at low pH and low Ωarag if [HCO3 -] is elevated. Juvenile Porites spp. may therefore be limited by dissolved inorganic carbon under ambient pCO2 conditions.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Computer Vision: Multi-annotator Comparison of Coral Photo Quadrat Analysis
This repository contains the Moorea portion of a larger data package published in conjuncture with: "Towards automated annotation of benthic survey images: variability of human experts and operational modes of automation", Beijbom et al. PLOS One, 2015. The rest of the data package is hosted at the Dryad data repository (doi:10.5061/dryad.m5pr3). The larger data package is an aggregate dataset from four Pacific coral reef monitoring projects in: Moorea (French Polynesia), the northern Line Islands, Nanwan Bay (Taiwan) and Heron Reef (Australia). It contains 5090 coral reef survey images, and 251,988 random-point annotations by coral ecology experts. The point-annotations indicate the dominant benthic substrate at 10 to 200 random point locations per image, using a label-set of 20 categories. In addition, 200 images from each location have been cross-annotated by 6 experts, for a total of 7 sets of annotations for each image. This set of cross-annotations can be used to contextualize the performance of automated annotation methods for coral reef ecology. The full data package can also be used by computer-vision and machine learning researchers to develop object classification, image segmentation, and domain transfer learning methods. These data contain a subset of the raw data from which dataset knb-lter-mcr.4 is derived.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Fish Counts versus Coral Diversity for Holbrook, et al. PLoS One 2015
To test the impact of the regional species pool on the coral-fish diversity relationship, the same experiment was conducted in lagoons of Schumann Island in Kimbe Bay, Papua New Guinea (5°31’S, 150°5’E), Lizard Island on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia (14º 41’S, 145º 27’E), and Moorea in French Polynesia (17° 30’S, 149° 50’W). Divers counted individuals of all species observed on or interacting with 45 patch reefs were constructed using six abundant, co-occurring coral species that were major habitat providers for fish. Fish were allowed to naturally colonize over 8-12 months and the patch reefs were surveyed by scuba divers four times during the period. The species of corals used in the experiment were selected to include species that exhibit a broad range of structural morphologies and potential sensitivities to climate change and other environmental stressors. These data support the manuscript: Holbrook, Sally J., Russel J. Schmitt, Vanessa Messmer, Andrew J. Brooks, Maya Srinivasan, Philip L. Munday and Geoffrey P. Jones, Reef Fishes in Biodiversity Hotspots are at Greatest Risk from Loss of Coral Species, accepted 2015, PLoS One.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Conspecific aggregation mitigation of OA on calcification of the coral Pocillopora verrucosa, JEXBIO 2017
The study was conducted in April 2015 in Moorea, French Polynesia, using colonies of Pocillopora verrucosa (~ 4 cm in planar diameter) collected from the outer reef of the north shore at 10–12 m depth. Corals were collected from multiple sites separated by 100-200 m on the outer reef to maximize the likelihood that the selected coral colonies were genetically unique, and transferred directly to an acclimation tank. The experiment used a sequential design, in which corals first were incubated under 130 ambient or elevated pCO2 in flow-through tanks, and then were incubated in a recirculating flume under the same pCO2 crossed with a contrast of two colony densities (Fig. S1). Two response variables were measured in the light (calcification and net photosynthesis at a single irradiance), two response variables were measured in the dark (aerobic respiration and calcification), and two response variables were calculated from these values (gross 135 photosynthesis, and calcification integrated over 24 h). Aerobic respiration was measured as oxygen uptake, and net photosynthesis was measured as the flux of oxygen at a constant irradiance, and in both cases, oxygen uptake was given a negative notation and oxygen evolution a positive notation; gross photosynthesis was obtained by subtracting respiration from net photosynthesis. Daily calcification was calculated by integrating calcification in the 140 light over 12 h, calcification in the dark over 12 h, and summing the two values assuming each day consisted of 12 h of light at a constant intensity. The six response variables were measured for aggregates of a fixed number (n = 12) of similar-sized colonies placed in the flume in either high or low density arrays. With this design, it was not possible to measure the physiology of individual colonies in each aggregate, and therefore our results describe the 145 performance corals averaged across each aggregate. These data support the publication Evensen & Edmunds, 'Conspecific
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Coral larval data in support of Rivest et al. 2017 ProcRoyalSocB
In this study, lipid utilization and biological parameters of planula larvae of the cauliflower coral Pocillopora damicornis under future ocean conditions were examined using manipulative experiments. P. damicornis larvae were collected in Moorea and Taiwan, two sites spanning the biogeographic range of the species: Moorea and Taiwan. Larvae released on the peak day of spawning were used at both sites. For the first 24 h following their release, planulae were cultured in seawater controlled to mimic a future ocean scenario (~900-1000 μatm pCO2, 30.5-31°C) as well as present-day, ambient ocean conditions (~400-450 μatm pCO2, 27.5-28°C; confirmed by autonomous sensors deployed at our study sites). Abundance of wax ester, triacylglycerol, and phospholipids as well as traits of physiological status (total lipid, total protein, symbiont density, larval area, and larval length) were measured before and after incubations. These data are published in Rivest EB, Chen C-S, Fan T-Y, Li H-H, Hofmann GE. 2017 Lipid consumption in coral larvae differs among sites: a consideration of environmental history in a global ocean change scenario. Proc. R. Soc. B 20162825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.2825 These data are related to dataset knb-lter-mcr.5014, MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Seawater pH, Temperature and Depth Time Series from Bottom-mounted Sensors on the Fringing Reef, January-March 2012
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Recruitment during El Niño, Edmunds PLOS1 2017
The negative implications of the thermal sensitivity of reef corals became clear with coral bleaching throughout the Caribbean in the 1980’s, and later globally, with the severe El Niño of 1998 and extensive seawater warming in 2005. These events have substantially contributed to declines in coral cover, and therefore the El Niño of 2016 raised concerns over the implications for coral reefs; on the Great Barrier Reef these concerns have been realized. A different outcome developed in Mo’orea, French Polynesia, where in situ seawater temperature from 15 March 2016 to 15 April 2016 was an average of 0.4°C above the upper 95% CI of the decadal mean temperature, and the NOAA Degree Heating Weeks (DHW) metric supported a Level 1 bleaching alert (DHW ≥ 4.0). Starting 1 September 2016 and for the rest of the year (122 d), in situ seawater temperature was an average of 0.4°C above the 95% CI of long-term values, although DHW remained at zero. Minor coral bleaching (0.2–2.6% of the coral) occurred on the outer reef (10-m and 17-m depth) in April 2016, by May 2016 it had intensified to affect 1.3– 16.8% of the coral, but by August 2016, only 1.4–3.0% of the coral was bleached. Relative to the previous decade, recruitment of scleractinians to settlement tiles on the outer- (10 m) and back- (2 m) reef over 2016/17 was high, both from January 2016 to August 2016, and from August 2016 to January 2017, with increased relative abundances of pocilloporids on the outer reef, and acroporids in the back reef. The 2016 El Niño created a distinctive signature in seawater temperature for Mo’orea, but it did not cause widespread coral bleaching or mortality, rather, it was associated with high coral recruitment. While the 2016 El Niño has negatively affected other coral reefs in the Indo-Pacific, the coral communities of Mo’orea continue to show signs of resilience, thus cautioning against general statements regarding the effects of the 2015/16 El Niño on coral reefs in the region. This wo
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Coral size, temperature and turbulence data in support of Edmunds and Burgess MarBio 2017
In this study, we tested the effects of colony size and seawater turbulence on the response of the common Indo-Pacific branching coral, Pocillopora verrucosa, to different seawater temperatures. Using whole-colony calcification as a response variable, 12 tanks (each 150 l) were used in two trials lasting 14 days to contrast the effects of seawater turbulence (two levels) and temperature (25.5°C vs 29.5°C) on colonies varying in size from ~4 to 13-cm diameter. Turbulence in the tanks was measured as the root mean square (rms) turbulent flow speed (q rms ), which quantified the variation in speed of complex and non-linear flow, regardless of direction. Treatments contrasted low (q rms = 0.63 cm s -1 ) and high (q rms = 2.07 cm s -1 ) turbulence that were ecologically relevant for shallow coral reefs. This worksheet contains data for the table and figures from the manuscript Edmunds and Burgess entitled 'Colony size modulates the calcification response of the coral Pocillopora verrucosa to turbulent flow speed and temperature', Marine Bio, 2017.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Density-dependence data for Edmunds, et al., Ecology 2018
This dataset contains coral cover data describing the context within which denisty-dependence (DD) was measured on the island of Moorea, French Polynesia, including data describing the benthic community, diameters of Pocillopora spp. measured in photoquadrats, surveys of corals and recruits. These data correspond to figures 1 through 3 in the manuscript by PJ Edmunds, L. Bramanti, and H.R. Nelson, 'Density-dependence mediates coral community structure', Ecology, 99(11), 2018, pp. 2605-2613. This ata set was revised on 27 November 2018. The data managed for Fig. 3 were missing values for two quadrats used in the analysis (quadrats 24 and 9). In this data revision, the values from the missing quadrats have been included. The reefs of Mo’orea, French Polynesia, provide the opportunity to study DD of coral population growth, because coral assemblages in this location responded to declines in abundance with high recruitment and an increase in cover during which recruitment of pocilloporid corals was inversely associated with density. This study tests for DD in this system, first, by describing the context within which it operates: coral cover changed from 46% in 2005, to less than 1% in 2010 following an outbreak of a corallivorous sea star and a cyclone, and then increased to 74% by 2017, in large part through inverse density- associated pocilloporid recruitment. Second, a test for DD of recruitment was conducted by decreasing Pocillopora spp. cover from 33% to 19%: one year later, the density of Pocillopora spp. recruits was 1.65-fold higher in the low versus high cover treatment. Finally, the effects of DD were investigated by comparing simulated and empirical distributions of pocilloporid colonies: as predicted by DD, small colonies were randomly distributed, while large colonies were uniformly distributed. Together these results demonstrate DD of population regulation for Pocillopora spp. corals, thus revealing the potential importance of this ecological principle i
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Data to support manuscript: Experimental Support for Alternative Attractors on Coral Reefs
Ecological theory predicts that ecosystems with multiple basins of attraction can get locked in an undesired state, which has profound ecological and management implications. Despite their significance, alternative attractors have proven to be challenging to detect and characterize in natural communities. On coral reefs, it has been hypothesized that persistent coral-to-macroalgae ‘phase shifts’ that can result from overfishing of herbivores and/or nutrient enrichment may reflect a regime shift to an alternate attractor, but to date the evidence has been equivocal. Our field experiments in Moorea, French Polynesia, revealed: (1) hysteresis in the herbivory - macroalgae relationship, creating the potential for coral - macroalgae bistability at some levels of herbivory, and (2) that macroalgae were an alternative attractor under prevailing conditions in the lagoon but not on the fore reef where ambient herbivory fell outside the experimentally delineated region of hysteresis. These findings help explain the different community responses to disturbances between lagoon and fore reef habitats of Moorea over the past several decades, and reinforce the idea that reversing an undesired shift on coral reefs can be difficult. Our experimental framework represents a powerful diagnostic tool to probe for multiple attractors in ecological systems, and as such, can inform management strategies needed to maintain critical ecosystem functions in the face of escalating stresses. These data are associated with a manuscript currently in review: Schmitt, R. J., Holbrook, S. J., Davis, S. L., Brooks, A. J., Adam, T. C. Experimental support for alternative attractors on coral reefs. The dataset includes data from two different experimental tests of alternate attractors.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Community structure outdoor flume data in support of Edmunds 2019 Marine Biology
This dataset contains data in support of Edmunds, P.J., S.S. Doo, R.C. Carpenter, 'Changes in coral reef community structure in response to year-long incubations under contrasting pCO2 regimes', Marine Biology, 2019, doi:10.1007/s00227-019-3540-2. Here, the effects of ocean acidification (OA) on back reef communities from Mo'orea, French Polynesia (17.492S, 149.826W), were tested from 12 November 2015 to 16 November 2016 in outdoor flumes maintained at various mean pCO2 levels. Change in mass and percent cover were recorded monthly. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. OCE 16-37396 (and earlier awards) as well as a generous gift from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Research was completed under permits issued by the French Polynesian Government (Délégation à la Recherche) and the Haut-commissariat de la République en Polynésie Francaise (DTRT) (Protocole d'Accueil 2005-2018). This work represents a contribution of the Moorea Coral Reef (MCR) LTER Site.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Data for manuscript J.Exp.Bio 2020 Edmunds and Burgess
This dataset contains allometry measurements on corals in tanks conditioned to simulate varied carbon dioxide partial pressure to test how coral colony size modulates PCO2 and temperature sensitivity in a branching acroporid. Data for Figure 1 in a manuscript submitted by P. Edmunds and S. Burgess to J of Experimental Biology in 2020 titled 'Emergent properties of branching morphologies modulate the sensitivity of coral calcification to high PCO2' This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. OCE 16-37396 (and earlier awards) as well as a generous gift from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Research was completed under permits issued by the French Polynesian Government (Délégation à la Recherche) and the Haut-commissariat de la République en Polynésie Francaise (DTRT) (Protocole d'Accueil 2005-2020). This work represents a contribution of the Moorea Coral Reef (MCR) LTER Site.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Scleractinia calcification data in support of Ginther, et al., JEMBE 2020
This study explored the effects of variation in seawater pCO2 on coral calcification using experiments conducted over one month between 9 April 2018 and 18 May 2018. Branches (~4-cm long) of Acropora retusa were sampled from colonies at 10-m depth on the fore reef of Mo'orea, French Polynesia (17° 28′ 53.9004" S, 149° 49′ 50.5992" W). We tested the hypothesis that depressed calcification caused by elevated pCO2 (~1000 μatm) is relaxed (i.e., calcification increases) upon return to ambient pCO2 (~400 μatm). Corals first were incubated in ambient or elevated pCO2 for 19 days, with the result that calcification integrated over this period was reduced by 31% under elevated pCO2. The same corals were then incubated at ambient pCO2 for 11 days, during which calcification was independent of the experimental pCO2 exposure history. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. OCE 16-37396 (and earlier awards) as well as a generous gift from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Research was completed under permits issued by the French Polynesian Government (Délégation à la Recherche) and the Haut-commissariat de la République en Polynésie Francaise (DTRT) (Protocole d'Accueil 2005-2020). This work represents a contribution of the Moorea Coral Reef (MCR) LTER Site.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Porites biomass data in support of Edmunds and Putnam Roy. Soc. Biology Letters 2020
Growth was measured every two to four months following collection of genotypes of the coral Porites lobata and P. lutea from the back reef of Mo'orea, French Polynesia, in 2018. Measurements include size, bouyant weight, biomass and environment conditions. These data support a manuscript submitted by P. Edmunds and H. Putnam in 2020 to Royal Society Biology Letters titled 'Science-based approach to using growth rate to assess coral performance and restoration outcomes'. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. OCE 16-37396 (and earlier awards) as well as a generous gift from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Research was completed under permits issued by the French Polynesian Government (Délégation à la Recherche) and the Haut-commissariat de la République en Polynésie Francaise (DTRT) (Protocole d'Accueil 2005-2020). This work represents a contribution of the Moorea Coral Reef (MCR) LTER Site.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: River chemistry dynamics in 2018 and 2019; data for Neumann et al., 2025 Scientific Reports
Rivers are the dominant avenue by which terrestrial efflux is transported to marine systems. Human activities on land, such as agriculture and infrastructure development, may impact coral reefs by disrupting historic biogeochemical processes of nearshore reef habitats. To identify how land use impacts rivers, and therefore nearshore lagoons, water chemistry was measured at a series of rivers around the island of Moorea, French Polynesia, in 2018 and 2019. Nitrate, Nitrite, Silicate, Phosphate, and Total Suspended Solids were evaluated at least weekly during sampling campaigns in rainy and dry seasons of both years. TSS was elevated following recent precipitation and negatively associated with watershed size. Phosphate was associated with Total Suspended Solids, presumably because of the phosphate-rich soils on Moorea. Dissolved Inorganic Nitrate was higher during the rainy season in watersheds with a high degree of land clearing. These results reinforce the importance of terrestrial factors for biogeochemistry of nearshore marine systems.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef Resilience: Juvenile Parrotfish Habitat Associations at North Shore Fringe and Backreef in March 2011
These data describe habitat associations of juvenile parrotfish (Scaridae) encountered during systematic searches at LTER 1 and LTER 2 fringing reef and back reef sites during March 2011. At each site SCUBA divers or snorkelers identified, counted, and estimated the sizes of juvenile parrotfish and recorded the microhabitat that each individual or group of individuals was associated with on two 100 m x 10 m wide transects (n = 8 transects total). Upon encountering a juvenile or group of juveniles, the surveyor recorded the microhabitat type that fishes were first seen to be closest to. They also closely observed the behavior of fishes to see if they were utilizing a particular microhabitat as shelter, and if so this was also recorded. Several groups of fishes first observed to be grazing on hard substrate or on macroalgae quickly retreated into the nearby coral Porites rus when approached. Hence for these individuals we considered the initial habitat they were associated with (e.g., hard substrate or macroalgae) to be their primary microhabitat, but also noted that they were associated with Porites rus for shelter.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef Resilience: Turbinaria Alternate State Experiment
These data describe the density of Turbinaria ornata stipes from experimentally manipulated 1 m X 1 m plots on the forereef and naturally occurring 1 m X 1 m patches on the fringing reefs. In this pilot experiment Turbinaria were transplanted from the fringing reef to the forereef at 10 m depth to test whether it persists upon establishment. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. OCE 16-37396 (and earlier awards) as well as a generous gift from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Research was completed under permits issued by the French Polynesian Government (Délégation à la Recherche) and the Haut-commissariat de la République en Polynésie Francaise (DTRT) (Protocole d'Accueil 2005-2018). This work represents a contribution of the Moorea Coral Reef (MCR) LTER Site.
Figure 2. Metatanais cylindricus Shiino, 1952 in A new species of Metatanais Shiino, 1952 (Crustacea, Tanaidacea, Paratanaoidea) from Australian coral reefs, with a redefinition of the genus
Figure 2. Metatanais cylindricus Shiino, 1952, female, lectotype. A antennule B antenna C chela D pereopod 1 E pereopod 2 F pereopod 3 G pereopod 4 H pereopod 5 I pereopod 6. Scale bars equal 0.1mm.
Figure 3 in A new species of Metatanais Shiino, 1952 (Crustacea, Tanaidacea, Paratanaoidea) from Australian coral reefs, with a redefinition of the genus
Figure 3. Metatanais bipunctatus sp. n. female, A body, dorsal B body, lateral. Scale bar equals 1 mm.
Figure 5 in A new species of Metatanais Shiino, 1952 (Crustacea, Tanaidacea, Paratanaoidea) from Australian coral reefs, with a redefinition of the genus
Figure 5. Metatanais bipunctatus sp. n. paratype female. A cheliped B pereopod 1 B' pereopod 1 carpus detail B''pereopod 1 propodus detail C pereopod 2 C' pereopod 2 carpus detail C''pereopod 2 propodus detail D pereopod 3 E pereopod 4 F pereopod 5 G pereopod 6 H uropod. Scale bars equal 0.1mm for A–G; 0.01 mm for H.
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