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2,911 results for “dispersal”
Net Enclosures Disrupt Codling Moth Dispersal Not Establishment - Data Set
<p>To maintain control of codling moth (<em>Cydia pomonella</em> (L.)), apple growers have pursued the use of exclusion netting. The structures implemented range from row covers which are supported by the tree canopy and tied off to the trunk, to full block enclosures which are supported by trellis systems and allow access for workers and equipment. It is uncertain if these nets provide a physical or behavioral barrier to codling moth and if they can prevent establishment in new blocks. To determine the effects of netting we conducted field trials with wild and sterile moths using small (3 trees) and large (48 trees) cages to evaluate the permeability of the netting and the establishment of wild moths.These are the data from those experiments which are used for the publication in Agricultural and Forest Entomology entitled, "Net enclosures disrupt codling moth dispersal not establishment".</p>
Invasive lionfish dispersal between shallow- and deep-water habitats within coastal Floridian waters
<p>Data associated with the publication: Invasive lionfish dispersal between shallow- and deep-water habitats within coastal Floridian waters</p>
Larval dispersal patterns and connectivity of Acropora on Florida's Coral Reef and its implications for restoration
Since the 1980s, populations of Acropora cervicornis and A. palmata have experienced severe declines due to disease and anthropogenic stressors; resulting in their listing as threatened, and their need for restoration. In this study, larval survival and competency data were collected and used to calibrate a very high-resolution hydrodynamic model (up to 100m) to determine the dispersal patterns of Acropora species along the Florida's Coral Reef. The resulting connectivity matrices was incorporated into a metapopulation model to compare strategies for restoring Acropora populations. This study found that Florida's Coral Reef was historically a well-connected system, and that spatially selective restoration may be able to stimulate natural recovery. Acropora larvae are predominantly transported northward along the Florida's Coral Reef, however southward transport also occurs, driven by tides and baroclinic eddies. Local retention and self-recruitment processes were strong for a broadcast spawner with a long pelagic larval duration. Model simulations demonstrate that it is beneficial to spread restoration effort across more reefs, rather than focusing on a few reefs. Differences in population patchiness between the Acropora cervicornis and A. palmata drive the need for different approaches to their management plans. This model can be used as a tool to address the species-specific management to restore genotypically diverse Acropora populations on the Florida's Coral Reef, and its methods could be expanded to other vulnerable populations.
Environmental morphing enables informed dispersal of the dandelion diaspore
<p>This repository contains source data for the following preprint: </p> <p>Seale M, Zhdanov O, Soons MB, Cummins C, Kroll E, Blatt MR, Zare-Behtash H, Busse A, Mastropaolo E, Bullock JM, Viola IM, Nakayama N (2022) Environmental morphing enables informed dispersal of the dandelion diaspore, bioRxiv, https://doi.org/10.1101/542696</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Data for: Co-evolution of dormancy and dispersal in spatially autocorrelated landscapes
<p>The evolution of dispersal can be driven by spatial processes, such as landscape structure, and temporal processes, such as disturbance. Dormancy, or dispersal in time, is generally thought to evolve in response to temporal processes. In spite of broad empirical and theoretical evidence of trade-offs between dispersal and dormancy, we lack evidence that spatial structure can drive the evolution of dormancy. Here, we develop a simulation-based model of the joint evolution of dispersal and dormancy in spatially heterogeneous landscapes. We show that dormancy and dispersal are each favored under different landscape conditions, but not simultaneously under any of the conditions we tested. We further show that, when dispersal distances are short, dormancy can evolve directly in response to landscape structure. In this case, selection is primarily driven by benefits associated with avoiding kin competition. Our results are similar in both highly simplified and realistically complex landscapes.</p>
Near-range atmospheric dispersion dataset of an anomalous selenium-75 emission
<p><strong>Description</strong></p> <p>This dataset contains the different measurement data that were obtained during and in the wake of the anomalous selenium-75 (Se-75) emission from the Belgian Reactor 2 (BR2) in 2019. These data were analysed by Frankemölle <em>et al</em> (2022), who showed that they paint a consistent picture of the Se-75 emission on both the time scale of the initial puff as well as on the time scale of the residual release. In the first tab of the Excel file, the different data included in the rest of the excel file are briefly discussed.</p> <p><strong>Included data</strong></p> <ul> <li>On-site meteorological data</li> <li>In-stack measurements of Se-75 source term</li> <li>On-site measurements of ambient dose equivalent rates</li> <li>On-site deposition measurements</li> <li>On-site concentration measurements</li> </ul> <p><strong>Original publication</strong></p> <p>Frankemölle, J.P.K.W., Camps, J., De Meutter, P., Antoine, P., Delcloo, A.W., Vermeersch, F. and Meyers, J. (2022) 'Near-range atmospheric dispersion of an anomalous selenium-75 emission', <em>Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, </em>255<em>, </em>pp. 107012. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2022.107012">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2022.107012</a></p>
After the Crowds Disperse
<p>Over the past decade, cultural heritage organisations have increasingly turned to volunteers through citizen research (or crowdsourcing) platforms to help make their holdings digitally accessible for discovery and research. These platforms have proved to be highly successful, both in attracting and retaining the interest of volunteers, and in the rate and quality of data collected. They have provided a new and deeper level of engagement and attracted more diverse audiences to national collections. However, there are still significant hurdles to overcome to achieve seamless sharing and movement of data between institutional Collection Management Systems (CMS) and crowdsourcing platforms, and back again. If crowdsourcing is to fulfil the potential of its generous volunteers this break in the data cycle must be closed.</p>
Neutral processes related to regional bee commonness and dispersal distances are important predictors of plant-pollinator networks along gradients of climate and landscape conditions
<p>Understanding how niche-based and neutral processes contribute to the spatial variation in plant-pollinator interactions is central to designing effective pollination conservation schemes. Such schemes are needed to reverse declines of wild bees and other pollinating insects and to promote pollination services to wild and cultivated plants. We used data on wild bee interactions with plants belonging to the four tribes Loteae, Trifolieae, Anthemideae, and either spring- or summer-flowering Cichorieae, sampled systematically along a 682km latitudinal gradient to build models that allowed us to (a) predict occurrences of pairwise bee-flower interactions across 115 sampling locations, and (b) estimate the contribution of variables hypothesized to be related to niche-based assembly structuring processes (viz. annual mean temperature, landscape diversity, bee sociality, bee phenology, and flower preferences of bees) and neutral processes (viz. regional commonness and dispersal distance to conspecifics). While neutral processes were important predictors of plant-pollinator distributions, niche-based processes were reflected in the contrasting distributions of solitary bee and bumble bees along the temperature gradient, and in the influence of bee flower preferences on the distribution of bee species across plant types. In particular, bee flower preferences separated bees into three main groups, albeit with some overlap: visitors to spring-flowering Cichorieae; visitors to Anthemideae and summer-flowering Cichorieae; and visitors to Trifolieae and Loteae. Our findings suggest that both neutral and niche-based processes are significant contributors to the spatial distribution of plant-pollinator interactions so that conservation actions in our region should be directed towards areas: near high concentrations of known occurrences of regionally rare bees; in mild climatic conditions; and that are surrounded by heterogeneous landscapes. Given the observed niche-based differences, the proportion of functionally distinct plants in flower-mixes could be chosen to target bee species, or guilds, of conservation concern.</p>
Near-shore island lizard fauna shaped by a combination of human-mediated and natural dispersal
<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Island biotas provide opportunities to study colonization and adaptation to novel environments. Islands, especially near-shore islands, may have a long record of human habitation such that some lineages result from human-assisted introductions. Here, we combine phylogenetic analyses with fossil data and historical specimen records to reconstruct colonization histories, characterize among-island divergence, and assess the role of humans in shaping the evolutionary history of lizards inhabiting a near-shore island archipelago.</p> <p><strong>Location: </strong>Channel Islands and adjacent mainland of California, USA.</p> <p><strong>Taxa: </strong>Western fence lizard ( <em>Sceloporus occidentalis</em>), southern alligator lizard (<em>Elgaria multicarinata</em>), common side-blotched lizard (<em>Uta stansburiana</em>).</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> We sequenced mitochondrial DNA (ND1, cyt-b) from each of three lizard species, covering their entire island distributions plus the adjacent mainland. For each, we estimated diversity within and among each island, obtained maximum likelihood bootstrapped phylogenies, constructed haplotype networks, and tested for population expansion. We used museum specimen records and microfossil evidence to infer colonization scenarios.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong> <em>Sceloporus occidentalis</em> is characterized by a single island-colonization event, and exhibits the deepest divergences from mainland relatives and the highest among-island divergence. <em>Elgaria multicarinata</em> and <em>Uta stansburiana</em> each have at least three distinct colonization events, with fossil and historical data indicating that some of these occurred after humans arrived to the islands.</p> <p><strong>Main Conclusions:</strong> The evolution of Channel Island lineages for two lizard taxa has been mediated by ancient and contemporary anthropogenic activity, while the evolution of the third is shaped by natural dispersal and vicariance caused by sea-level rise. Genetic divergence corroborates the treatment of <em>S. occidentalis</em> as an endemic island species, <em>S. becki</em>. The unique histories of these three taxa are synthesized with other Channel Island lineages highlighting that taxa inhabiting islands with long histories of human activity should be carefully studied to assess the role of people in facilitating colonization and subsequent gene flow. </p>
Experimental corridor effects on ant seed dispersal
<p>Habitat fragmentation impacts ecosystems worldwide through habitat loss, reduced connectivity, and edge effects. Yet, these landscape factors are often confounded, leaving much to be investigated about their relative effects, especially on species interactions. In a landscape experiment, we investigated the consequences of connectivity and edge effects for seed dispersal by ants. We found that ants dispersed seeds farther in habitat patches connected by corridors, but only in patch centers. We did not see an effect on the total number of seeds moved or the rate ants detected seeds. Furthermore, we did not see any differences in ant community composition across patch types, suggesting that shifts in ant behavior or other factors increased ant seed dispersal in patches connected by corridors. Long distance seed dispersal by ants that requires an accumulation of short distance dispersal events over generations may be an underappreciated mechanism through which corridors increase plant diversity. The following data were made publicly available to go along with our paper in <em>Ecosphere</em> (Burt et al. 2022). Please read metadata file for additional information.</p>
Text-fig. 4. Porechye open pit coal mine. a: photography of the Lipovtsy Formation section; b: stratigraphic column, 1 – sandstone, 2 – conglomerate, 3 – coal, 4 – tuff dated by U-Th-Pb geochronology, 5 – siltstone, 6 – mudstone, 7 – palynological samples with angiosperm pollen, 8 – dispersed angiosperm cuticles. in Angiosperm Diversification In The Early Cretaceous Of Primorye, Far East Of Russia
Text-fig. 4. Porechye open pit coal mine. a: photography of the Lipovtsy Formation section; b: stratigraphic column, 1 – sandstone, 2 – conglomerate, 3 – coal, 4 – tuff dated by U-Th-Pb geochronology, 5 – siltstone, 6 – mudstone, 7 – palynological samples with angiosperm pollen, 8 – dispersed angiosperm cuticles.
Text-fig. 4. Dispersed megaspores on the surface of 1,000 mm2 of shale at Brymbo (a) with an enlargement showing Lagenicula horrida ZERNDT (b). in Why Lycospora Dominated Many Pennsylvanian Spore Assemblages
Text-fig. 4. Dispersed megaspores on the surface of 1,000 mm2 of shale at Brymbo (a) with an enlargement showing Lagenicula horrida ZERNDT (b).
Text-fig. 4. Lepidocarpon cone in the process of disaggregating as part of the dispersal strategy of the plants. When preserved isolated, the sporophylls are assigned to the fossil-genus Lepidostrobophyllum. Refigured from Thomas (1981). Grovesend Formation (upper Asrturian – lower Moscovian), Kilmersdon Tip, Radstock Coalfield, UK; Natural History Museum (London) specimen V.60431. in Naming Of Parts: The Use Of Fossil-Taxa In Palaeobotany
Text-fig. 4. Lepidocarpon cone in the process of disaggregating as part of the dispersal strategy of the plants. When preserved isolated, the sporophylls are assigned to the fossil-genus Lepidostrobophyllum. Refigured from Thomas (1981). Grovesend Formation (upper Asrturian – lower Moscovian), Kilmersdon Tip, Radstock Coalfield, UK; Natural History Museum (London) specimen V.60431.
Supporting code and data to reproduce analysis for: Genomic signatures of past megafrugivore-mediated dispersal in Malagasy palms
<p>Seed dispersal affects gene flow and hence genetic differentiation of plant populations. During the Late Quaternary, most fruit-eating and seed-dispersing megafauna went extinct, but whether these animals have left signatures in the population genetics of their food plants, particularly those with large, 'megafaunal' fruits (i.e., > 4 cm – megafruits), remains unclear.</p> <p>Here, we assessed the population history, genetic differentiation, and recent migration among populations of four animal-dispersed palm (Arecaceae) species with large (<em>Borassus madagascariensis</em>), medium-sized (<em>Hyphaene coriacea,</em> <em>Bismarckia nobilis</em>), and small (<em>Chrysalidocarpus madagascariensis</em>) fruits on Madagascar. We integrated double-digest restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD) of 167 individuals from 25 populations with (past) distribution ranges for extinct and extant seed-dispersing animals (e.g., giant lemurs, elephant birds), landscape and human impact data, and applied linear mixed-effects models to explore the drivers of genetic variation in Malagasy palms.</p> <p>Palm populations that shared more megafrugivore species in the past had lower genetic differentiation than populations that shared fewer megafrugivore species. This suggests that megafrugivore-mediated seed dispersal in the past may have led to frequent gene flow among populations. In comparison, extant frugivore diversity only decreased genetic differentiation in the small-fruited palm. Furthermore, genetic differentiation decreased with landscape connectivity (i.e., environmental suitability, forest cover and river density), and human impact (i.e., road density) has decreased genetic differentiation among populations.</p> <p><em>Synthesis: </em>Our results suggest that the legacy of megafrugivores regularly achieving long dispersal distances is still reflected in the population genetics of palms that were formerly dispersed by such animals. Furthermore, low genetic differentiation was possibly maintained after the megafauna extinctions through alternative dispersal (e.g., human- or river-mediated), long generation times, and long lifespans of these megafruit palms. Our study illustrates how species interactions that happened >1000 years ago can leave imprints in population genetics.</p>
Delayed dispersal in splendid fairywrens
<p>Delayed dispersal is a critical first step in the formation of both cooperative breeding and family-living groups. However, disentangling the multiple, potentially co-occurring factors that influence the dispersal of young individuals is often difficult and can require multiple data sources. We combine data from a long-term mark-recapture study and field experiments to address the patterns, fitness consequences, and proximate causes of delayed dispersal in the splendid fairywren (<em>Malurus splendens melanotus</em>). This species is a cooperative breeder, with males remaining as helpers more often for more years and settling closer to their natal territories than females. We found that birds who were helpers in one or more years had greater first-year nest success, and the number of years spent helping had a positive impact on survival. By experimentally producing breeding vacancies for young males, we tested if male-biased sex ratio and breeding opportunities constrained dispersal in this system. Only half of the vacancies created were filled, and dispersal took, on average, approximately three days. These findings illustrate that ecological constraints, benefits-of-philopatry, and life history benefits may all be acting within the same system to shape dispersal patterns.</p>
Maintenance of a narrow hybrid zone between native and introduced red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) despite conspecificity and high dispersal capabilities
<p>Human-facilitated introductions of nonnative populations can lead to secondary contact between previously allopatric lineages, resulting in either homogenization of the lineages or stable hybrid zones that are maintained by pre-zygotic (e.g., behavioral) or post-zygotic (e.g., reduced hybrid fitness) reproductive barriers. We investigated patterns of gene flow between the native Sacramento Valley red fox (<em>Vulpes vulpes patwin</em>) and an introduced conspecific population of captive-bred (fur-farm) origin in California's Central Valley. Considering their recent divergence (i.e., ~50 kya), we hypothesized that pre-zygotic mechanisms primarily impede gene flow, rather than post-zygotic barriers. Additionally, some genes originating in nonnative foxes may confer higher fitness in the currently human-dominated landscape resulting in selective introgression into the native population. Genetic analysis of 682 red foxes (255 native, 427 nonnative) at both mitochondrial (cytB + Dloop) and nuclear loci (~19,000 SNPs) revealed significantly narrower cline widths than expected under a simulated model of unrestricted gene flow, consistent with the existence of pre- or post-zygotic reproductive barriers. We identified several loci with reduced introgression linked to behavioral divergence in captive bred foxes, which supports pre-zygotic mechanisms as a putative driver of the narrow hybrid zone. Additionally, several loci with elevated gene flow from the nonnative into the native population, were near genes associated with adaptation to human dominated landscapes. Overall, this study contributes to our understanding of hybrid zone dynamics in vertebrates, particularly in the context of species introductions and landscape changes, underscoring the importance of considering multiple mechanisms that may be at play in maintaining lineages at both the species and subspecies level.</p>
SI Figure 1: Dispersion values (a boxplot using distance to centroids based on Bray Curtis distance matrix) of external and internal bacterial microbiome composition for different hosts. In a mixed linear model, microinvertebrates did not significantly impact dispersion (P=0.44), but microbiome type did (P=0.03). Pairwise contrasts show that while external microbiomes of P. murrayi and Tardigrada are more variable than their internal microbiomes, E. antarcticus external and internal microbiomes are equally variable. in External and internal microbiomes of Antarctic nematodes are distinct, but more similar to each other than the surrounding environment
SI Figure 1: Dispersion values (a boxplot using distance to centroids based on Bray Curtis distance matrix) of external and internal bacterial microbiome composition for different hosts. In a mixed linear model, microinvertebrates did not significantly impact dispersion (P=0.44), but microbiome type did (P=0.03). Pairwise contrasts show that while external microbiomes of P. murrayi and Tardigrada are more variable than their internal microbiomes, E. antarcticus external and internal microbiomes are equally variable.
Data for Robust Algorithms for the analysis of the FFC-NMRD dispersion curves
<p>Data for article </p>
Fig. 5 in The Influence Of Dispersal On The Metapopulation Viability Of Giant Panda (Aliuropoda Melanoleuca) In The Minshan Mountains
Fig. 5. Population dynamics in 100 years when changing range of dispersal ages, assuming only males to disperse
Fig. 4 in The Influence Of Dispersal On The Metapopulation Viability Of Giant Panda (Aliuropoda Melanoleuca) In The Minshan Mountains
Fig. 4. Population size of different sexes dispersing with 90% survival of dispersers in 100 years. M90%, F90% and F&M90% indicate dispersal of only males, only females, or both sexes, respectively
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.