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Fig. 7 in On Schmarda's lost earthworm and some newly found New Zealand species (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea: Lumbricidae, Acanthodrilidae, Octochaetidae, & Megascolecidae s. stricto)
Fig. 7. "Spenceriella decapita" unpublished Queensland taxon from Blakemore (1994). This damaged specimen (ANIC RB.95. 5.19) is remarkably similar to Mt Wellington paratypes, especially P1, of A. kiwi kiwi (Fig. 6).
Fig. 5 in On Schmarda's lost earthworm and some newly found New Zealand species (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea: Lumbricidae, Acanthodrilidae, Octochaetidae, & Megascolecidae s. stricto)
Fig. 5. Anisochaeta laingii (Benham, 1903) from Norfolk Island (Australia) the only previous Anisochaeta questionably reported from NZ. Its markings in segments 10-12 and 17 differ, but internal organization is somewhat similar to the new Anisochaeta spp. herein (After Benham's original with copy permission from Royal Society NZ; Oct., 2011).
Fig. 16 in Integrative taxonomy of five astome ciliates (Ciliophora, Astomatia) isolated from earthworms in Central Europe
Fig. 16. Alignment of variable positions of the 18S rRNA gene of five astome ciliates isolated from the lumbricid earthworms. Boxes mark 25 nucleotide positions in which M. lumbrici (Dujardin, 1841) differs from M. varians (de Puytorac, 1954). The comparison with three outgroup species of Anoplophrya Stein, 1860 indicates that 19 out of the 25 variable nucleotide positions of M. lumrici are either plesiomorphies or possibly homoplasies.
Fig. 7 in Integrative taxonomy of five astome ciliates (Ciliophora, Astomatia) isolated from earthworms in Central Europe
Fig. 7. Metaradiophrya varians (de Puytorac, 1954), Slovak specimens in vivo. A, D. Ventral view of representative specimens, showing the typical body shape, localization of the fibrillar hook, the long rodlike macronucleus and two staggered rows of contractile vacuoles (arrowheads). B. Detail of the anterior body portion, showing the fibrillar hook and its associated fibers. There are 5 or 6 fibers attached to the upper right side of the longer arm, on average 26 (22–29) fibers to the ventral side of the longer arm and 11 or 12 fibers to the left side of the shorter arm. Arrowheads mark the subapical suture extending from the right body margin over the fibrillar hook towards the left body margin. C. Dorsal view, showing the somatic kineties. The ciliary rows are narrowly arranged and are composed of very densely spaced basal bodies (left inset). E. Ventral view, showing a late divider. Scale bars: A, C–E = 50 µm; B = 20 µm.
Fig. 2 in Integrative taxonomy of five astome ciliates (Ciliophora, Astomatia) isolated from earthworms in Central Europe
Fig. 2. Metaradiophrya lumbrici (Dujardin, 1841), Slovak specimens in vivo. A. Semi-schematic diagram of the ventral side, showing the fibrillar hook as well as the contractile vacuole and the somatic ciliary pattern. Arrowheads mark the subapical suture extending from the right body margin over the hook towards the left body margin. B. Detail of the anterior body portion, showing the fibrillar hook and its associated fibers. There are on average 6 (5–7) fibers attached to the upper right side of the longer arm, on average 33 (30–37) fibers to the ventral side of the longer arm and on average 11 (8–13) fibers to the left side of the shorter arm. C. Shape variants of fibrillar hooks. The hook is composed of two unequally long arms: the longer arm is flat and 25–35 µm long, while the shorter arm appears slightly more robust at the base and is 8–13 µm long. D–E. Lateral somatic kineties form a right and a left subterminal suture in the posterior body region. F. Ventral view, showing the general body organization. G. The cytoplasm contains innumerable granules being ca 0.4 µm across and rod-like bacteria being about 3–15 µm long. Scale bars: A, F = 50 µm; B = 10 µm.
Fig. 1 in Integrative taxonomy of five astome ciliates (Ciliophora, Astomatia) isolated from earthworms in Central Europe
Fig. 1. Map of Slovakia showing the localization of six collection sites (marked by black dots). A schematized outline of Bratislava City is depicted left of the map of Slovakia. Rectangles A and B indicate the two Bratislava study areas, whose details are shown in panels (A) and (B) under the map of Slovakia. For locality codes and further details, see Table 1.
Fig. 6 in Integrative taxonomy of five astome ciliates (Ciliophora, Astomatia) isolated from earthworms in Central Europe
Fig. 6. Metaradiophrya varians (de Puytorac, 1954), Slovak specimens in vivo. A. Semi-schematic diagram of the ventral side, showing the localization of fibrillar hook, the arrangement of contractile vacuoles and the somatic ciliary pattern. Arrowheads mark the subapical suture extending from the right body margin over the fibrillar hook towards the left body margin. B. Detail of the anterior body portion, showing the fibrillar hook and its associated fibers. There are 5 or 6 fibers attached to the upper right side of the longer arm, on average 26 (22–29) fibers to the ventral side of the longer arm and 11 or 12 fibers to the left side of the shorter arm. C. Shape variants of fibrillar hooks. The longer arm of the hook measures on average 30 µm, while the shorter arm only 11 µm. D–E. The macronucleus is rodlike and accompanied by an elliptical micronucleus. F–I. Variability of body shape and size as well as of the contractile vacuole and nuclear apparatus. There are two staggered rows of contractile vacuoles arranged along the left and right side of the macronucleus. Drawn to scale. J. Ventral view, showing a late divider. Scale bars: A, F–J = 50 µm; B = 20 µm.
Fig. 3 in Integrative taxonomy of five astome ciliates (Ciliophora, Astomatia) isolated from earthworms in Central Europe
Fig. 3. Metaradiophrya lumbrici (Dujardin, 1841), Slovak specimens in vivo. A. Detail of the anterior body portion, showing the fibrillar hook and its associated fibers. There are on average 6 (5–7) fibers attached to the upper right side of the longer arm, on average 33 (30–37) fibers to the ventral side of the longer arm and on average 11 (8–13) fibers to the left side of the shorter arm. Arrowheads mark the subapical suture extending from the right body margin over the fibrillar hook towards the left body margin. B, F–M. Variability of body shape and size as well as of the contractile vacuole and nuclear apparatus. Drawn to scale. C–E. The macronucleus is rod-like and its surface is smooth or with some indistinct irregularities. However, many small vesicules appear in its vicinity in dying cells. The micronucleus is elliptical and typically situated close to the mid-portion of the macronucleus. Scale bars: A = 20 µm; B, F–M = 100 µm.
Fig. 4 in Integrative taxonomy of five astome ciliates (Ciliophora, Astomatia) isolated from earthworms in Central Europe
Fig. 4. Metaradiophrya lumbrici (Dujardin, 1841), Slovak specimens in vivo. A–B. Ventral view of representative specimens, showing the typical body shape, localization of the fibrillar hook, the long rod-like macronucleus and two staggered rows of contractile vacuoles (arrowheads). C–D. Detail, showing the long rod-like macronucleus, a single micronucleus, contractile vacuoles and cytoplasmic bacteria. The central region of the micronucleus appears homogenous and brighter than its margin in the differential interference optics and might represent a central nucleolus. E–F. Somatic ciliature is holotrichous and composed of very densely ciliated meridional kineties. In the posterior body region, lateral somatic kineties form a right and a left subterminal suture (arrow in E), whose detail is shown in the left inset. Scale bars: A–B = 100 µm; C–D = 10 µm; E–F = 20 µm.
Fig. 5. A–B in Integrative taxonomy of five astome ciliates (Ciliophora, Astomatia) isolated from earthworms in Central Europe
Fig. 5. A–B. Metaradiophrya lumbrici (Dujardin, 1841), Slovak specimens in vivo. Details of the anterior body portion, showing the fibrillar hook and its associated fibers. There are on average 6 (5–7) fibers attached to the upper right side of the longer arm, on average 33 (30–37) fibers to the ventral side of the longer arm and on average 11 (8–13) fibers to the left side of the shorter arm. Arrowheads mark the subapical suture extending from the right body margin over the fibrillar hook towards the left body margin. The somatic kineties above the suture run towards the anterior body end where they curve onto the dorsal body side to meridionally extend over its surface towards the posterior body end. On the other hand, the somatic kineties below the suture run meridionally over the ventral side towards the posterior body end. The ventral somatic kineties are lined with fibers attached to the fibrillar hook. Scale bars: 20 µm.
Figure 1 in Distribution of earthworm growth stages along a naturally occurring soil salinity gradient
Figure 1. (A) Field sampling location for earthworm and soil collections in southeast North Dakota, USA. (B) Five plots were established along a salinity gradient based on an electrical conductivity (EC1:1) survey. (C) Within each plot, five sub-plot locations were sampled. (D) Intact soil cores (20 cm in diameter, 15 cm deep) were hand-sorted for earthworms, which were counted and classified based on growth stage. Soils from each core were analyzed for physical and chemical soil properties.
Figure 5 in A dataset on earthworm communities in French Guiana
Figure 5. Venn diagrams representing the numbers of unique and shared OTUs for according to different criteria: (A) Sampling protocol, with QS = qualitative sampling, HS = hand sorting of standardised soil blocks; (B) Life stage, with A = adults, O = others (i.e. juveniles, cocoons and fragments); (C) Habitat, with LF = lowland forests, PF = plateau forests, SF = slope forests, O = others (i.e. inselberg habitats and forests on white sands); (D) Microhabitat, with DT = decaying trunks, SO = soil, O = others (i.e. riverside sediments and epiphytic soils). Note that in Figure 5C, the representation does not show 10 OTUs shared by the 4 habitats, 9 OTUs shared by PF, SF and O, 2 OTUs shared by LF, PF and O, and 1 OTU shared by PF and O.
Figure 2 in Soil BON Earthworm - A global initiative on earthworm distribution, traits, and spatiotemporal diversity patterns
Figure 2. Information on studies that will be resampled globally by the Soil BON Earthworm consortium. (A) Global distribution of studies, with the distribution of sites along longitude and latitude, (B) distribution of ecosystem types among studies, (C) localization of sites among terrestrial biomes defined by Mean Annual Temperature (MAT, °C) and Mean Annual Precipitation (MAP, mm), with the distribution of MAT and MAP values, (D) distribution of time span with blue and green colors representing the variable distribution before and after resampling, respectively, (E) Temporal coverage of individual studies.
Figure 4 in A dataset on earthworm communities in French Guiana
Figure 4. Histograms showing the proportion of sampled earthworms according to different criteria: A) Sampling protocol, with QS = qualitative sampling, HS = hand sorting of standardised soil blocks; (B) Life stage, with A = adults, J = juveniles, C = cocoons, F = unidentified fragments; (C) Habitat, with PF = plateau forests, SF = slope forests, LF = lowland forests, IH = inselberg habitats, WS = forests on white sands; (D) Microhabitat, with DT = decaying trunks, SO = soil, EP = epiphytic soils, SE = riverside sediments.
Figure 2 in A dataset on earthworm communities in French Guiana
Figure 2. Framework of sample design of French Guiana earthworm with a summary of the resulting dataset: 'Sequences' tab contains the fasta sequences of DNA barcodes for all the sampled specimens (i.e. vouchers); 'Specimen list' contains OTU assignations, life stages and collecting data for all the specimens; 'Sampling hierarchy' contains the assignation of each sample to a hierarchy of spatial scales or sampling hierarchy levels, i.e. microhabitats (Micro.), communities (Comm.), habitats (Hab.) and landscapes (Land.); 'Community tab' contains the number of specimens sampled for each OTU in each sample, with nij the number of specimens of OTU i collected in sample j; 'Environment tab' contains the environmental data at the community scale, with varek the value taken by environmental variable e in community k. ASAP = Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning.
Figure 3 in Soil BON Earthworm - A global initiative on earthworm distribution, traits, and spatiotemporal diversity patterns
Figure 3. Global distribution of Oligochaeta observations on iNaturalist (assessed on the 16th of November 2023) and longitudinal and latitudinal distribution.
Figure 6 in A dataset on earthworm communities in French Guiana
Figure 6. Patterns of earthworm alpha diversity at different spatial scales in rainforests of French Guiana: (A) Rarefaction curve showing how the number of OTUs observed at a regional scale increases as a function of the number of sampled landscapes; the solid line represents the rarefaction curve; the shaded area represents the 95 % confidence interval based on a bootstrap with 200 replications; (B) Rarefaction curves showing how the number of OTUs observed at the landscape scale increases as a function of the number of sampled communities; confidence intervals were not represented to keep the figure legible; (C) Alpha diversity at the different spatial scales, with Microhab = microhabitat, Com = community, Hab = habitat and Land = landscape level); (D) Sample coverage at the community scale.
Fig. 4 in Ancient diversity within Diporodrilus (Crassiclitellata, Annelida) clarify the historical biogeography of Corso-Sardinian earthworms
Fig. 4 Haplotype networks based on COI gene for the different putative species within the morphospecies Diporodrilus omodeoi and Diporodrilus pilosus. Colours correspond to Fig. 2. Circle size represent the number of individuals belonging to each haplotype (see top right for reference). Numbers represent the number of mutational steps between each sampled haplotype. Small black dots represent unsam- pled intermediate haplotypes. Dashed lines represent several haplotypes being found in the same locality. Scale bar = 10 km
Fig. 1 in Ancient diversity within Diporodrilus (Crassiclitellata, Annelida) clarify the historical biogeography of Corso-Sardinian earthworms
Fig. 1 Individual of Diporodrilus pilosus, displaying their peculiar appearance with a stout body and mucus-filled coelom which gives them their white- yellow colour
Fig. 3 in Ancient diversity within Diporodrilus (Crassiclitellata, Annelida) clarify the historical biogeography of Corso-Sardinian earthworms
Fig. 3 Most fitting ASAP species delimitation hypothesis and COI uncorrected average pairwise distances for the studied populations of the morphospecies Diporodrilus omodeoi and Diporodrilus pilosus.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.