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FIGURE 11 in A new species of bright-eyed treefrog (Mantellidae) from Madagascar, with comments on call evolution and patterns of syntopy in the Boophis ankaratra complex

FIGURE 11. Close-up photographs of different living specimens of Boophis boppa showing variation in eye color.

FIGURE 4 in A new species of bright-eyed treefrog (Mantellidae) from Madagascar, with comments on call evolution and patterns of syntopy in the Boophis ankaratra complex

FIGURE 4. In-situ photograph of Boophis boppa. (A) in-situ, specimen not collected. (B) close-up view of the eyes from the same individual.

FIGURE 2 in A new species of bright-eyed treefrog (Mantellidae) from Madagascar, with comments on call evolution and patterns of syntopy in the Boophis ankaratra complex

FIGURE 2. Dorsal view (right) and ventral view (left) of the Boophis boppa holotype (KU 336824) in preservative.

FIGURE 7 in A new species of bright-eyed treefrog (Mantellidae) from Madagascar, with comments on call evolution and patterns of syntopy in the Boophis ankaratra complex

FIGURE 7. Advertisement call comparative oscillograms of five-second sections in the Boophis ankaratra complex. Species shown are: (A) B. boppa; (B) B. miadana; (C) B. ankaratra; (D) B. schuboeae; and (E) B. haingana. The localities are the same as Fig. 6.

FIGURE 6 in Morphological and genetic evolution in eastern populations of the Macrhybopsis aestivalis complex (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae), with the descriptions of four new species

FIGURE 6. Scatterplot of sPC2 and sPC3 from sheared principal components analysis of 33 standard and truss measurements taken from male (n = 55) Macrhybopsis boschungi and M. tomellerii.

FIGURE 3 in Morphological and genetic evolution in eastern populations of the Macrhybopsis aestivalis complex (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae), with the descriptions of four new species

FIGURE 3. Scatterplot of sPC2 and sPC3 from sheared principal components analysis of 33 standard and truss measurements taken from female (n = 153) Macrhybopsis boschungi, M. etnieri, M. pallida, M. tomellerii and M. hyostoma from Mississippi River drainage.

FIGURE 5 in Morphological and genetic evolution in eastern populations of the Macrhybopsis aestivalis complex (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae), with the descriptions of four new species

FIGURE 5. Scatterplot of sPC2 and sPC3 from sheared principal components analysis of 33 standard and truss measurements taken from female (n = 84) Macrhybopsis boschungi and M. tomellerii.

FIGURE 8 in Morphological and genetic evolution in eastern populations of the Macrhybopsis aestivalis complex (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae), with the descriptions of four new species

FIGURE 8. Tertiary eustatic changes in sea level. Meters above or below present sea level are tentative. From Vail & Hardenbol (1979); reproduced in Gilbert (1987: 37, fig. 5).

FIGURE 2 in Morphological and genetic evolution in eastern populations of the Macrhybopsis aestivalis complex (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae), with the descriptions of four new species

FIGURE 2. Distribution of southeastern species of Macrhybopsis east of the Mississippi River. Individual species are identified by symbol and color. Circles with half blue and half red represent locations where M. boschungi and M. etnieri occur syntopically.

FIGURE 4 in Morphological and genetic evolution in eastern populations of the Macrhybopsis aestivalis complex (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae), with the descriptions of four new species

FIGURE 4. Scatterplot of sPC2 and sPC3 from sheared principal components analysis of 33 standard and truss measurements taken from male (n = 93) Macrhybopsis boschungi, M. etnieri, M. pallida, M. tomellerii, and M. hyostoma from Mississippi River drainage.

FIGURE 1 in Morphological and genetic evolution in eastern populations of the Macrhybopsis aestivalis complex (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae), with the descriptions of four new species

FIGURE 1. Species of Macrhybopsis aestivalis species complex from eastern North America. A) Macrhybopsis hyostoma, UAIC 11060.03, Female, 34 mm SL, Alabama, Limestone County, Elk River, 28 September 1994. B) Macrhybopsis boschungi, UAIC 10845.03, Female, 50 mm SL, Alabama, Dallas County, Cahaba River, 12 July 1993. C) Macrhybopsis etnieri, UAIC 11053.01, Female, 44 mm SL, Alabama, Bibb County, Cahaba River, 24 June 1994. D) Macrhybopsis pallida, UAIC 10855.04, Female, 36 mm SL, Alabama, Escambia County, Conecuh River, 15 July 1993. E) Macrhybopsis tomellerii, UAIC 11364.03, Female, 51 mm SL, Mississippi, Covington County, Pascagoula River drainage, 18 February 1994.

opennotspecifiedAug 2011View details →

Figure 5. Bootstrap consensus minimum evolution tree deduced from the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I in A revision of the Monopis monachella species complex (Lepidoptera: Tineidae) from China

Figure 5. Bootstrap consensus minimum evolution tree deduced from the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene sequences. Numbers indicate bootstrap proportions (%).

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Hybridization constrains the evolution of mimicry complexes in woodpeckers

The evolution of interspecific mimicry does not always result in perfect resemblance between mimics and models. Differences between members of a mimicry complex can be explained by genetic or developmental constraints. Alternatively, imperfect mimicry might be the outcome of a trade-off between multiple selective pressures. In this study, we explored the evolutionary conflict between mimicry and hybridization in woodpeckers. Based on the selective trade-off hypothesis, we expected that mimicry complexes will start to evolve once the constraint of maladaptive hybridization is relaxed. Hence, we predicted limited overlap in the divergence times between hybridizing species pairs and members of a mimicry complex. This prediction was supported by clear tipping point in the probability of hybridization and mimicry at ca. 9 million years of divergence. Around this timepoint, the probability of hybridization approaches zero while the probability of belonging to a mimicry complex increases. This finding is only correlational and remains to be confirmed in other taxonomic groups. Nonetheless, our results suggest a selective trade-off between evolving interspecific mimicry and avoiding maladaptive hybridization in woodpeckers.

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

Fig. 6 in A phylogenetic investigation of the taxonomically problematic Eucalyptus odorata complex (E. section Adnataria series Subbuxeales): evidence for extensive interspecific gene flow and reticulate evolution

Fig. 6. Isolation by distance plot of core E. odorata complex samples (E. odorata, E. cajuputea, E. wimmerensis, E. walshii, E. yarriambiack, E. filiformis, E. polybractea and E. viridis from south-eastern Queensland). Geographic distances are kilometres between collection coordinates and genetic distances are uncorrelated-P distances.

Fig. 3 in A phylogenetic investigation of the taxonomically problematic Eucalyptus odorata complex (E. section Adnataria series Subbuxeales): evidence for extensive interspecific gene flow and reticulate evolution

Fig. 3. Plot of PCA analyses of SNPs generated using (a) ddRADseq and (b) DArTseq. Points are coloured by species consistent with Fig. 1, with shapes used to distinguish different major groups: the grey-box taxa (diamonds), mallee members of E. series Subbuxeales not in the E. odorata complex (squares), and the E. odorata complex (circles).

Fig. 5 in A phylogenetic investigation of the taxonomically problematic Eucalyptus odorata complex (E. section Adnataria series Subbuxeales): evidence for extensive interspecific gene flow and reticulate evolution

Fig. 5. Maximum-likelihood phylogeny generated using RAXML, excluding samples with strong evidence for hybridisation and introgression in the combined ddRADseq and DArTseq dataset. Support values on branches are those from the ML and MP analysis, with branches with greater than 80% bootstrapping support in both analyses thickened. Series are labelled as per Nicolle (2019).

Fig. 1 in A phylogenetic investigation of the taxonomically problematic Eucalyptus odorata complex (E. section Adnataria series Subbuxeales): evidence for extensive interspecific gene flow and reticulate evolution

Fig. 1. Distributions of the 12 species of the E. odorata complex, using taxonomic concepts employed a priori in this study. (a) E. viridis and species most commonly considered its closest relatives. (b) E. odorata, E. polybractea and species commonly considered close relatives of these. Distributions are coloured by species and open circles are used to highlight geographically restricted populations. Closed points indicate the collecting localities and seed provenances for samples used in this study. Black circles indicate major regions where members of the E. odorata complex occur as applied in text, which may differ from the actual geographic extent.

Fig. 4 in A phylogenetic investigation of the taxonomically problematic Eucalyptus odorata complex (E. section Adnataria series Subbuxeales): evidence for extensive interspecific gene flow and reticulate evolution

Fig. 4. Maximum-likelihood phylogeny generated using RAXML including all samples in the combined ddRADseq and DArTseq dataset. Support values on branches are those from the ML and MP analysis, with branches with greater than 80% bootstrapping support in both analyses thickened. Series are labelled as per Nicolle (2019).

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2024View details →

Supplementary files from paper "Revisiting the evolution and function of NIP2 paralogs in the Rhynchosporium spp. complex"

This dataset contains additional files related with the "Revisiting the evolution and function of NIP2 parologs in the Rhynchosporium spp. complex" paper. The second version contains four additional files: EarlGrey_annotation.bed, The_RIPper_annotation.gff3, Figure_S7_alignment.fasta, and WAI_strains_attributes.xlsx Folder 1: R script for differential gene expression analysis and RPKM calculation (EdgeR_WAI453.html) including the input files (gene_count_matrix.csv and for_RPKM_featureCounts.csv). Folder 2: Genome assembly (R.communeWAI453_20contigs.fasta), gene annotation of R. commune WAI453 (R.communeWAI453.gff3), transposable elements annotation of R. commune WAI453 (EarlGrey_annotation.bed), and RIP-affected region annotation of R. commune WAI453 (The_RIPper_annotation.gff3). Folder 3: Sequence of NIP2 and NLP paralogs from R. commune global populations and R. commune sister species used in this study (nip2.1.all.fasta-nlp4.all.fasta) the summary of presence-absence polymorphism of all NIP2 and NLP genes in R. commune and three R. commune sister species (gene_summary.csv), alignment of NIP2 and NLP genes (Figure_S7_alignment.fasta), and attributes of all R. commune WAI strains used in this study (WAI_strains_attributes.xlsx). Folder 4: Pdb files of structural prediction of NIP2 proteins generated by AlphaFold 2 (nip2.1.pdb, nip2.3.pdb, and nip2.6.pdb). Folder 5: A python script to parse local blast result into fasta file (BLASTtoGFF_multiple.py).