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opennotspecifiedSep 2021View details →

Fig. 4 in Is Phylogeographic Congruence Predicted by Historical Habitat Stability, or Ecological Co-associations?

Fig. 4. Assessment of phylogeographic structure via comparison of FST (grey bars) versus Φ ST (black bars). All values represent mean differentiation across all pairs of BAPS clusters per species (i.e., "global" values). Species names are abbreviated as in Fig. 1.

opennotspecifiedSep 2021View details →

Fig. 2 in Is Phylogeographic Congruence Predicted by Historical Habitat Stability, or Ecological Co-associations?

Fig. 2. Unrooted dendrograms representing two competing hypotheses about key drivers of phylogeographic congruence among five saproxylic invertebrates: abiotic factors related to historical climatic stability (left) versus biotic factors related to ecological co-associations (right). Scale bars represent either the inverse of a measure of habitat overlap (1 – Schoener's D; left), or the cumulative dissimilarity score for species interactions based on trophic guild, timing of colonization during succession, frequency of syntopy, and presumed interaction type (right). Numbers on nodes for the biotic drivers scenario indicate the number of jackknife replicates (out of 4) that supported a given predicted partition. Species names are abbreviated as in Fig. 1.

opennotspecifiedSep 2021View details →

Fig. 3 in Is Phylogeographic Congruence Predicted by Historical Habitat Stability, or Ecological Co-associations?

Fig. 3. The number and distribution of spatial-genetic clusters, and phylogenetic relationships among mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes, for each of the five focal species. BAPS clusters were arbitrarily color-coded (alphabetic names are also shown), and spatial projections were based on membership of georeferenced individuals (Voronoї tessellations not shown). Grey shading identifies the "northern region" of the study area, referred to in the main text. Rooted phylogenetic trees (outgroup not shown) are simplified and color-coded corresponding to BAPS cluster membership of each mtDNA haplotype. Nodes with bootstrap support values>70% are marked by asterisks. Species names are abbreviated as in Fig. 1.

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Habitat heterogeneity affects the thermal ecology of the federally endangered blunt-nosed leopard lizard 2019 data

<p>Global climate change is already contributing to the extirpation of numerous species worldwide, and sensitive species will continue to face challenges associated with rising temperatures throughout this century and beyond. It is especially important to evaluate the thermal ecology of endangered ectotherm species now so that mitigation measures can be taken as early as possible. A recent study of the thermal ecology of the federally endangered Blunt-Nosed Leopard Lizard (Gambelia sila) suggested that they face major activity restrictions due to thermal constraints in their desert habitat, but that large shade-providing shrubs act as thermal buffers to allow them to maintain surface activity without overheating. We replicated this study and also included a population of G. sila with no access to large shrubs to facilitate comparison of the thermal ecology of G. sila in shrubless and shrubbed populations. We found that G. sila without access to shrubs spent more time sheltering inside rodent burrows than lizards with access to shrubs, especially during the hot summer months. Lizards from a shrubbed population had higher midday body temperatures and therefore poorer thermoregulatory accuracy than G. sila from a shrubless population, suggesting that greater surface activity may represent a thermoregulatory tradeoff for G. sila. Lizards at both sites are currently constrained from using open, sunny microhabitats for much of the day during their short active seasons, and our projections suggest that climate change will exacerbate these restrictions and force G. sila to use rodent burrows for shelter even more than they do now, especially at sites without access to shrubs. The continued management of shrubs and of burrowing rodents at G. sila sites is therefore essential to the survival of this endangered species.</p>

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

FIG. 4 in Going with the Flow: Testing the Role of Habitat Isolation among Three Ecologically Divergent Darter Species

FIG. 4. Reduced major axis regression plots from the isolation by distance analysis for (A) Ammocrypta beanii, (B) Etheostoma swaini, and (C) Percina nigrofasciata.

FIG. 3 in Going with the Flow: Testing the Role of Habitat Isolation among Three Ecologically Divergent Darter Species

FIG. 3. Bar plots representing estimated genetic clusters (K) and individual probability estimates of cluster assignment (Q values) from program STRUCTURE for (A) A. beanii at K ¼ 5, (B) E. swaini at K ¼ 2, and (C) P. nigrofasciata at K ¼ 4. The most likely K value was estimated using the ad hoc DK statistic (Evanno et al., 2005).

FIG. 2 in Going with the Flow: Testing the Role of Habitat Isolation among Three Ecologically Divergent Darter Species

FIG. 2. Chart showing habitat characteristics of each darter species and predicted levels of gene flow between populations based on habitat variables. FST represents population differentiation, while AR represents allelic richness. Arrows pointing up indicate an increase, arrows pointing down a decrease, and horizontal arrows indicate moderate/intermediate levels. Illustrations were designed by Elizabeth Marchio (elizabeth. marchio@gmail.com; www.lizmarchio.com).

FIG. 1 in Going with the Flow: Testing the Role of Habitat Isolation among Three Ecologically Divergent Darter Species

FIG. 1. Map of Pearl River including sampling sites for the three darter species. Ammocrypta beanii, Etheostoma swaini, and Percina nigrofasciata are represented by circles, squares, and diamonds, respectively. Map was generated using ArcGIS ArcMap 10.

Figure 4 in First ecological assessment of the endangered Lichtenfelder's Tiger Gecko (Goniurosaurus lichtenfelderi) from northern Vietnam: micro-habitat and macro-climatic niche comparisons between island and mainland populations

Figure 4. (A) Substrate types between island and mainland populations of Goniurosaurus lichtenfelderi; (B) Number of observed individuals at positions (in or out) in different time intervals; (C) Elevations resided by island and mainland populations; (D) Distances from the observed animal to the near stream shore among four study areas.

Figure 3 in First ecological assessment of the endangered Lichtenfelder's Tiger Gecko (Goniurosaurus lichtenfelderi) from northern Vietnam: micro-habitat and macro-climatic niche comparisons between island and mainland populations

Figure 3. Micro-habitat characteristics of Goniurosaurus lichtenfelderi (A) Substrate temperature; (B) Canopy coverage; (C) Height above the ground in relation to the Snout-Vent Length (From low to high levels mentioned the frequency of captured animals); (D) Stream section type; (E) Surface substrate condition; (F) Activity status.

Figure 6 in First ecological assessment of the endangered Lichtenfelder's Tiger Gecko (Goniurosaurus lichtenfelderi) from northern Vietnam: micro-habitat and macro-climatic niche comparisons between island and mainland populations

Figure 6. Comparisons of macro-climatic niches of Goniurosaurus lichtenfelderi between island and mainland populations. (A) Climate niche space of the mainland population; (B) Climate niche space of the mainland population along the first two axes of the PCA-env (The solid (100%) and dashed contour (50%) lines illustrate the available macro-climate space); (C) The contribution of 19 climatic variables for loading PCA-env axes and the percentage of inertia explained by axes one and two.

Figure 5 in First ecological assessment of the endangered Lichtenfelder's Tiger Gecko (Goniurosaurus lichtenfelderi) from northern Vietnam: micro-habitat and macro-climatic niche comparisons between island and mainland populations

Figure 5. (A) Scatterplot of all variable groups for the first (Dim1) and second (Dim2) axes in the Multiple factor analysis (MFA) (green triangles as inactive groups, red triangles as active groups or variables); (B) Scatterplot of all qualitative variables in the Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA); (C) The first four important variables of the Dim1; and (D) The Dim2; (E) Scatter diagram illustrating the micro-habitat niche space of island and mainland populations.

Figure 1 in First ecological assessment of the endangered Lichtenfelder's Tiger Gecko (Goniurosaurus lichtenfelderi) from northern Vietnam: micro-habitat and macro-climatic niche comparisons between island and mainland populations

Figure 1. Records of Goniurosaurus lichtenfelderi (orange circles – surveyed locations; blue green circles – other recorded occurrences); (1): Bai Tu Long National Park, Quang Ninh Province (2): Chi Linh District, Hai Duong Province, (3): Yen Tu Mountain, Quang Ninh Province, (4): Tay Yen Tu Nature Reserve, Bac Giang Province. The background depicts elevation in northern Vietnam and southern China (from dark blue to red indicating higher elevation).

Figure 2 in First ecological assessment of the endangered Lichtenfelder's Tiger Gecko (Goniurosaurus lichtenfelderi) from northern Vietnam: micro-habitat and macro-climatic niche comparisons between island and mainland populations

Figure 2. (A) Natural micro-habitat of Goniurosaurus lichtenfelderi; (B) An adult male resting on a moss-rock substrate.

opencc-zeroJul 2021View details →

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Is phylogeographic congruence predicted by historical habitat stability, or ecological co-associations?

<p>Comparative phylogeographic studies can uniquely distinguish idiosyncratic versus community-wide responses to past environmental change. However, to date, impacts of species interactions have been largely overlooked. Here we used non-genetic data to characterize two competing scenarios about expected levels of congruence among five saproxylic invertebrate species (i.e., a wood-feeding cockroach, termite and beetle; a predatory centipede, and a detritivorous millipede) from the southern Appalachians mountains—a topographically complex unglaciated landscape. Under one scenario, abiotic factors primarily drove species' responses, with predicted congruence based on spatial overlap of climatically stable habitat areas estimated for each species via ecological niche modeling. The other scenario considered biotic factors to be most influential, with proxies for actual or potential direct interactions used to predict congruence. Analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence datasets for each species focused on four axes of comparison: the number and distribution of spatial-genetic clusters, phylogeographic structure, changes in long-term effective population size, and historical gene flow dynamics. Overall, we found stronger support for ecological co-associations scenario, suggesting an important influence of biotic factors in constraining or facilitating species' responses to Pleistocene climatic cycles. However, there was an imperfect fit between this scenario's predictions and outcomes of empirical data analyses. Thus, our conclusions are compelling, but tentative. This work advances comparative phylogeography by expanding the scope of inferences beyond abiotic drivers, and provides insights into the evolutionary history of a functionally important ecological community, within a globally recognized center of endemism.</p>

Figure 4 in An unusual ecology among whiptails: the case of Cnemidophorus lacertoides from a restinga habitat in southern Brazil

Figure 4. Relationship between body temperature (in ◦C) of the lizard Cnemidophorus lacertoides and air temperature (F = 30.07; R2 = 0.477; p <0.001; n = 35) (top), and substrate 1,33 temperature (F = 9.06; R2 = 0.215; p <0.001; n = 35) (bottom), at the Joaquina dunes, 1,33 Florianópolis, southern Brazil.

Figure 3 in An unusual ecology among whiptails: the case of Cnemidophorus lacertoides from a restinga habitat in southern Brazil

Figure 3. Proportional use by Cnemidophorus lacertoides (dark bars) and estimated proportional availability (light bars) of different microhabitat categories at the Joaquina dunes, Florianópolis, southern Brazil. HV: herbaceous vegetation; OS: open sand; IB: interior of bush; LB: leaf litter at the border of bush; SB: open sand at the border of bush; BB: base of bromeliad; FA: flooded area; TG: tuft of grass; TM: termite mound.

Figure 2 in An unusual ecology among whiptails: the case of Cnemidophorus lacertoides from a restinga habitat in southern Brazil

Figure 2. Activity pattern of the whiptail lizard Cnemidophorus lacertoides (n = 85) at the Joaquina dunes, Florianópolis, southern Brazil.

Figure 1 in An unusual ecology among whiptails: the case of Cnemidophorus lacertoides from a restinga habitat in southern Brazil

Figure 1. (A, B) Restinga habitat where Cnemidophorus lacertoides occurs and (C) termite mound, at the Joaquina dunes, Florianópolis, southern Brazil.