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Temporal and spatial changes in benthic invertebrate trophic networks along a taxonomic richness gradient
<p>Species interactions underlie most ecosystem functions and are important for understanding ecosystem changes. Representing one type of species interaction, trophic networks were constructed from biodiversity monitoring data and known trophic links to assess how ecosystems have changed over time. The Baltic Sea is subject to many anthropogenic pressures, and low species diversity makes it an ideal candidate for determining how pressures change food webs. In this study, we used benthic monitoring data from 20 years (1980-1989 and 2010-2019) from the Swedish coast of the Baltic Sea and Skagerrak to investigate changes in benthic invertebrate trophic interactions. We constructed food webs and calculated fundamental food web metrics evaluating network horizontal and vertical diversity, as well as stability that were compared over space and time. Our results show that the west coast of Sweden (Skagerrak) suffered a reduction in benthic invertebrate biodiversity by 32 % between the 1980's and 2010's, and that the number of links, generality of predators, and vulnerability of prey, have been significantly reduced. The other basins (Bothnian Sea, Baltic Proper and Bornholm Basin) do not show any significant changes in species richness or consistent significant trends in any food web metrics investigated, demonstrating resilience at a lower species diversity. The decreased complexity of the Skagerrak food webs indicates vulnerability to further perturbations and pressures should be limited as much as possible to ensure continued ecosystem functions.</p>
Data from: Plant richness, land use and temperature differently shape invertebrate leaf-chewing herbivory on plant functional groups
<p class="MsoNormal">Nutrient demands of leaf-chewing invertebrate herbivores change with temperature, which causes shifts in herbivores' diets. Temperature may act differently on herbivore species, so that factors shaping herbivore species richness may modulate temperature effects on invertebrate herbivory among plant functional groups with different nutrient composition (C:N ratio low to high: legumes, non-leguminous forbs, grasses). Global warming urges a deeper understanding of temperature effects on herbivory among plant functional groups in different habitats and landscapes. This study obtained measures on proportional leaf area loss to leaf-chewing invertebrate herbivores ('herbivory') on three plant functional groups on 80 plots of open herbaceous vegetation adjacent to different habitat types (forest, grassland, arable field, settlement) along climate and land-use gradients in Bavaria, Germany. Herbivory was analysed with regard to habitat characteristics (habitat type, plant richness at species and family level, local mean temperature), landscape characteristics (proportion of grassland, landscape diversity; 0.2–3.0-km), climate (multi-annual mean temperature, 'MAT') and interactive effects of plant functional group, temperature and habitat or landscape characteristics. Herbivory on plant functional groups changed differently in response to plant richness (family level only) and habitat type, but not to differences in landscape characteristics and temperature – only on grassland plots, multi-annual mean temperature differentially affected herbivory among plant functional groups. Thus, abiotic and biotic factors can differently affect leaf-chewing herbivory on plant functional groups. Under current conditions, plant richness and habitat type more strongly affected herbivory among legumes, forbs and grasses than temperature and landscape-scale land use.</p>
Code and data for "Global warming generates predictable extinctions of warm- and cold-water marine benthic invertebrates via thermal habitat loss"
<pre>This repository contains the following information: Datasets S1 to S4 can all be loaded, manipulated, and analysed in R using script provided in Data S5 to obtain the results of the paper, Reddin et al. 2022, "Global warming generates predictable extinctions of warm and cold-water marine benthic invertebrates via thermal habitat loss". Data S1. (separate file) The original downloaded PaleoDB dataset. Data S2. (separate file) The pre-prepared dataset of occurrences. Data S3. (separate file) The finished environmental dataset. Data S4. (separate file) Additional environmental dataset. Data S5. (separate file) The R-code for the main analysis. Data S6. (compressed directory) Output data and code from the simulations. Table S7 (separate file). List of data source publications for PaleoDB data used in our study. Listed are the data source author list (ref_author), year (ref_pubyr), and reference number as appears in the PaleoDB (reference_no). </pre>
Text-fig. 1. CT slices on Block 1. Details of the internal bone structure (a, b), teeth (b, c). Invertebrate imprints (a, c). Holes, cracks and empty cavities in both the limestone matrix and within the vertebrate fossil (b). in Hidden Treasures Uncovered: Successful Detection Of Fossils Below The Surface In Large Limestone Blocks Using A Standard Medical X-Ray Ct Scanner
Text-fig. 1. CT slices on Block 1. Details of the internal bone structure (a, b), teeth (b, c). Invertebrate imprints (a, c). Holes, cracks and empty cavities in both the limestone matrix and within the vertebrate fossil (b).
Text-fig. 3. CT slices on Block 3. Invertebrate moulds (a, c) and remains of their hard skeletons (a, b). Large areas of limestone matrix hold either only a few scattered invertebrates or no fossil at all (b, c). Ring artefacts seen close to the isocentre of the scan (b, c) are a well-known phenomenon caused by the X-ray beams traversing the block at an insufficient radiation dose (as expected in such a large block of dense material), and are not part of any physical structure present therein (Triche et al. 2019). in Hidden Treasures Uncovered: Successful Detection Of Fossils Below The Surface In Large Limestone Blocks Using A Standard Medical X-Ray Ct Scanner
Text-fig. 3. CT slices on Block 3. Invertebrate moulds (a, c) and remains of their hard skeletons (a, b). Large areas of limestone matrix hold either only a few scattered invertebrates or no fossil at all (b, c). Ring artefacts seen close to the isocentre of the scan (b, c) are a well-known phenomenon caused by the X-ray beams traversing the block at an insufficient radiation dose (as expected in such a large block of dense material), and are not part of any physical structure present therein (Triche et al. 2019).
Linked collectors and determiners for: University of Puerto Rico Mayagüez Invertebrate Collection.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "University of Puerto Rico Mayagüez Invertebrate Collection". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="http://bionomia.net/dataset/43e54c60-d6e0-41df-80a3-ca9487a3342a">https://bionomia.net/dataset/43e54c60-d6e0-41df-80a3-ca9487a3342a</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/43e54c60-d6e0-41df-80a3-ca9487a3342a">https://gbif.org/dataset/43e54c60-d6e0-41df-80a3-ca9487a3342a</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Freshwater benthic invertebrates ecological collection NTNU University Museum.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Freshwater benthic invertebrates ecological collection NTNU University Museum". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="http://bionomia.net/dataset/33591b80-0e31-480c-82ce-2f57211b10e6">https://bionomia.net/dataset/33591b80-0e31-480c-82ce-2f57211b10e6</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/33591b80-0e31-480c-82ce-2f57211b10e6">https://gbif.org/dataset/33591b80-0e31-480c-82ce-2f57211b10e6</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Fig. 4 in The marine myxosporean Sigmomyxa sphaerica (Thélohan, 1895) gen. n., comb. n. (syn. Myxidium sphaericum) from garfish (Belone belone (L.)) uses the polychaete Nereis pelagica L. as invertebrate host
Fig. 4 Phylogenetic affinities of S. sphaerica among related members of the marine clade of Myxosporea. S. sphaerica is closest related to Ellipsomyxa spp., and these two genera represent a sister group to M. queenslandicus incertae sedis in a well-supported clade. Other Myxidium spp. in the marine clade are not closely related to S. sphaerica, including M. laticurvum (JN033229, new sequence) and M. bergense from the type host P. virens in Norway (JN033231, new sequence). All new sequences in bold. Clade support values: upper, MrBayes posterior probabilities (in percent); middle, maximum likelihood bootstrap (N=100) support values (Paup); lower, maximum parsimony (Mega)
Fig. 1 in The marine myxosporean Sigmomyxa sphaerica (Thélohan, 1895) gen. n., comb. n. (syn. Myxidium sphaericum) from garfish (Belone belone (L.)) uses the polychaete Nereis pelagica L. as invertebrate host
Fig. 1 Plasmodia and myxospores of S. sphaerica from the gallbladder of B. belone. a Plasmodium (flattened) without visible indication of sporogony, showing distinction between ecto- and endoplasm. b Sporulated plasmodium (flattened) showing spores in valvular view, vacuolate appearance and refractive granules. Note that any polar capsule lengths taken in valvular view may be erroneously short due to their oblique orientation in the spores. c Spore in sutural view. d, e Spores as seen in the focal plane of one polar capsule, showing polar filament coils and the valvular extensions associated with the protruding part of the capsules. Scale bars a, b 10 μm, c, d 5 μm
Fig. 3 in The marine myxosporean Sigmomyxa sphaerica (Thélohan, 1895) gen. n., comb. n. (syn. Myxidium sphaericum) from garfish (Belone belone (L.)) uses the polychaete Nereis pelagica L. as invertebrate host
Fig. 3 Actinospores of S. sphaerica in naturally infected N. pelagica from northern Øresund, Denmark. Interference contrast, to same scale. a Apical and lateral views of free actino-spores. b Lateral views showing the three nuclei of the shell valve cells (arrows) and the two nuclei of the sporoplasm cells (arrowheads). Scale bar 5 μm
Fig. 5 in The marine myxosporean Sigmomyxa sphaerica (Thélohan, 1895) gen. n., comb. n. (syn. Myxidium sphaericum) from garfish (Belone belone (L.)) uses the polychaete Nereis pelagica L. as invertebrate host
Fig. 5 Schematic illustration of the life cycle of S. sphaerica. The polychaete N. pelagica acts as the invertebrate hosts and the garfish B. belone acts as the fish hosts. a Actinospore, b myxospore. Not to scale
Figure 4 in Community structure of benthic invertebrates in the Allipén River basin, North Patagonia, Araucania region (38º S, Chile)
Figure 4. Mean abundance (individuals/m2) the families more representative of benthic macroinvertebrates at site 3 Las Hortensias in the Allipen river.
Figure 3 in Community structure of benthic invertebrates in the Allipén River basin, North Patagonia, Araucania region (38º S, Chile)
Figure 3. Mean abundance (individuals/m2) the families more representative of benthic macroinvertebrates at site 2 Huereré in the Allipen river.
Figure 1 in Community structure of benthic invertebrates in the Allipén River basin, North Patagonia, Araucania region (38º S, Chile)
Figure 1. Map of Allipen river, Tolten river basin, La Araucania Region Chile.Where S1 "Melipeuco" (265639 S, 5694829 W), S2: "Huerere" (758774 S- 5681448 W) and S3: "Las Hortensias" (746454 S; 5684086 W) represent the specific sampling stations, respectively.
Figure 2 in Community structure of benthic invertebrates in the Allipén River basin, North Patagonia, Araucania region (38º S, Chile)
Figure 2. Mean abundance (individuals/m2) the families more representative of benthic macroinvertebrates at site 1 Melipeuco in the Allipen river.
Fig. 33 in Palaeoecology of tropical marine invertebrate assemblages from the Late Triassic of Misurina, Dolomites, Italy
Fig. 33. Rarefaction curves of Cassian assemblages from Misurina Landslide, Lago Antorno (assemblages studied herein), Settsass Scharte (Nützel and Kaim 2014) and Stuores Wiesen (Hausmann and Nützel 2015). Only bulk samples are used.
Fig. 28 in Palaeoecology of tropical marine invertebrate assemblages from the Late Triassic of Misurina, Dolomites, Italy
Fig. 28. Cardiid bivalve Septocardia pichleri (Bittner, 1895) from Lago Antorno, northern Italy, Cassian Formation, Carnian, Upper Triassic. PZO 12866, in ventral (A1), dorsal (A2), and lateral (A3, A4) views.
Fig. 24 in Palaeoecology of tropical marine invertebrate assemblages from the Late Triassic of Misurina, Dolomites, Italy
Fig. 24. Stuoraxid gastropod Ampezzogyra angulata Nützel and Hausmann sp. nov. from Lago Antorno (A, C) and Misurina Landslide (B, D), Cassian Formation, northern Italy, Late Triassic. A. Paratype PZO 12848, in oblique lateral (A1), apical (A2), and apertural (A3) views; A4, detail teleoconch at adapical whorl angulation with micro-ornament of fine tubercles; A5, protoconch in oblique lateral view; A6, protoconch in apical view; A7, crossed lamellar shell structure. B. Paratype PZO 12733, in oblique lateral (B1), apical (B2), and apertural (B3) views. C. Holotype PZO 12847, in apical (C1), basal (C2), and apertural (C3) views; C4, detail of C3; C5, detail teleoconch with micro-ornament of fine tubercles; C6, protoconch in apical view; C7, protoconch in oblique view. D. Paratype PZO 12734, in apical (D1) and apertural (D2) views.
Fig. 23. Hyalogyrinid gastropod Alexogyra marshalli Bandel, 1996 in Palaeoecology of tropical marine invertebrate assemblages from the Late Triassic of Misurina, Dolomites, Italy
Fig. 23. Hyalogyrinid gastropod Alexogyra marshalli Bandel, 1996 from Lago Antorno, northern Italy, Cassian Formation, Carnian, Upper Triassic. A. PZO 12842, in apical view. B. PZO 12843, in apertural view. C. PZO 12844, protoconch in oblique lateral view. D. PZO 12845, in oblique apertural view to show base.
Fig. 20 in Palaeoecology of tropical marine invertebrate assemblages from the Late Triassic of Misurina, Dolomites, Italy
Fig. 20. Mathildid gastropod Jurilda elongata (Leonardi and Fiscon, 1959) from Misurina Landslide, northern Italy, Cassian Formation, Carnian, Upper Triassic. A. PZO 12716, in lateral view (A1), A2, early whorls including heterostrophic protoconch, in lateral view. B. PZO 12717, in apical (B1) and lateral (B2) views; B3, early whorls including heterostrophic protoconch, in lateral view. C. PZO 12718, in apertural (C1) and oblique basal (C2) views. D. PZO 12719, in lateral (D1) and oblique basal (D2) views. E. PZO 12720, detail teleoconch whorl, in lateral view.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.