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706 results for “jaw”
Figure 4 in Histological study of the jaw teeth in the Devonian actinopterygian †Cheirolepis canadensis (Whiteaves)
Figure 4. – Virtual section (3D-tomography) through the long axis of the jaw of †Cheirolepis canadensis (sub-sample c; see Fig. 1A for location) showing for each tooth the dentine walls, the acrodine cap (white arrows) and the pulp cavity (*). Scale bar = 500 μm.
Figure 3 in Histological study of the jaw teeth in the Devonian actinopterygian †Cheirolepis canadensis (Whiteaves)
Figure 3. – Thin sections in a jaw of †Cheirolepis canadensis (MHNM 05-340) observed in transmitted natural light. A: Longitudinal ground section of fragment a (see Fig. 1A) showing the two series of teeth: the larger ones (= the fangs) (*), located lingually, and the smaller ones (arrowheads), located labially. Scale bar = 200 μm. B: Section of fragment b showing an axial section of a fang. The arrowhead points to the dentine ankylosed on bone. Scale bar = 50 μm. C-D: Two cross-sections showing details of the larger teeth at different levels. C: The wall of the tooth pulp cavity is crossed by vascular spaces. Scale bar = 50 μm. D: The walls of the pulp cavity are irregular. Scale bar = 50 μm. E: Detail of a large tooth and two small teeth. The section crosses the teeth halfway between their base and their tip. Scale bar = 25 μm. F: Detail of the contact of a tooth with the supporting bone. One can see the odontoblastic canaliculi of the orthodentine. The arrow points to an osteocyte lacuna. Scale bar = 25 μm. G: Cross section of a small tooth showing the odontoblastic canaliculi of the orthodentine. Scale bar = 25 μm; inset: detail of the odontoblastic canaliculi. Abbreviations: ac = acrodine; bo = bone; de = dentine; pc = pulp cavity; vc = vascular cavity.
Figure 2 in Histological study of the jaw teeth in the Devonian actinopterygian †Cheirolepis canadensis (Whiteaves)
Figure 2. – Fossil material of †Cheirolepis canadensis (MHNM 05-340) examined in the present study. A: General view. The three vertical lines indicate the sections of the jaw to obtain four parts: a-b-c-d. The black arrow points to the large tooth of Fig. 1B and the arrowhead to the tooth of Fig. 1C. Scale bar = 1 mm. B: View of the posterior part of the jaw (see fig.1A) showing the small teeth and a "fang" (arrow). Scale bar = 500 μm. C: External view of a large tooth showing the apical cap of acrodine (arrow). Scale bar = 250 μm.
Assessing a New Jaw Support Device During Third Molar Extractions
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03975920. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 19.
Data from: A classic key innovation constrains oral jaw functional diversification in fishes
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Biomechanical properties of the jaws of two species of Clevosaurus and a reanalysis of rhynchocephalian dentary morphospace
<p>Rhynchocephalians were a successful, globally distributed group of diapsid reptiles that thrived in the Mesozoic. Multiple species of <em>Clevosaurus</em> existed worldwide in the Upper Triassic and Lower Jurassic, and they are characterised by shearing bladelike teeth perhaps functionally analogous to the carnassial teeth of mammals. Morphometric analysis shows that the dentary morphospace of clevosaurs differs significantly from that of other rhynchocephalians. Five <em>Clevosaurus</em> species occupied islands in the Bristol Channel archipelago of the UK, but generally not those occupied by mammaliaforms, suggesting dietary character displacement. Identifying the diet of such ancient, small tetrapods has been difficult. To identify the nature of their feeding, we apply finite element analysis to two near complete three-dimensional skulls of the species <em>Clevosaurus hudsoni </em>and <em>Clevosaurus cambrica</em> to estimate bite force, resistance to bending and torsion, and the distribution of stresses during biting. Both species had bite forces and tooth pressures sufficient to break apart chitin, indicating that like early Mesozoic mammaliaforms, clevosaurs could feed on tough-shelled beetles and possibly small vertebrates. In addition, the mechanical advantage of the jaws falls within the range of early mammaliaforms, so though we cannot demonstrate niche partitioning between members of both clades, it raises the prospect that they may have been functionally similar.</p>
Image stack, PLY-files and a NEX-file accompanying: A new symmoriiform from the Late Devonian of Morocco: novel jaw function in ancient sharks
<p>We describe the small chondrichthyan Ferromirum oukherbouchi n.gen. et sp. from the Famennian (Late Devonian) of the Maïder region in Morocco. This chondrichthyan is exceptionally well preserved and displays not only mineralized soft tissues but also undeformed cartilages of the head, gills, and shoulder girdle. A reconstruction of the head using 3D-prints revealed a previously unknown kind of jaw articulation. Here, we make the original cropped image stack and PLY-files of the single cartilaginous elements accessible. Additionally, a nexus-file with the character matrix used for the cladogram shown in the article is included.</p>
Decoupled jaws promote trophic diversity in Cichlid fishes
Functional decoupling of oral and pharyngeal jaws is widely considered to have expanded the ecological repertoire of cichlid fishes. But, the degree to which the evolution of these jaw systems is decoupled and whether decoupling has impacted trophic diversification remains unknown. Focusing on the large Neotropical radiation of cichlids, we ask whether oral and pharyngeal jaw evolution is correlated and how their evolutionary rates respond to feeding ecology. In support of decoupling, we find relaxed evolutionary integration between the two jaw systems, resulting in novel trait combinations that potentially facilitate feeding mode diversification. These outcomes are made possible by escaping the mechanical trade-off between force transmission and mobility, which characterizes a single jaw system that functions in isolation. In spite of the structural independence of the two jaw systems, results using a Bayesian, state-dependent, relaxed-clock model of multivariate Brownian motion indicate strongly aligned evolutionary responses to feeding ecology. So, while decoupling of prey capture and processing functions released constraints on jaw evolution and promoted trophic diversity in cichlids, the natural diversity of consumed prey has also induced a moderate degree of evolutionary integration between the jaw systems, reminiscent of the original mechanical trade-off between force and mobility.
Data from: Malagasy cichlids differentially limit impacts of body shape evolution on oral jaw functional morphology
Patterns of trait covariation, like integration and modularity, are vital factors that influence the evolution of vertebrate body plans. In functional systems, decoupling of morphological modules buffers functional change in one trait by reducing correlated variation with another. However, for complex morphologies with many-to-one mapping of form to function (MTOM), resistance to functional change may also be achieved by constraining morphological variation within a functionally stable region of morphospace. For this research, we used geometric morphometrics to evaluate the evolution of body shape and its relationship to jaw functional morphology in two independent radiations of endemic Malagasy cichlid (Teleostei: Cichlidae). Our results suggested that the two subfamilies used different strategies to mitigate impacts of body shape variation on a metric of jaw function, maxillary kinematic transmission (MKT): (1) modularity between cranial and postcranial morphologies, and (2) integration of body and jaw evolution, with jaw morphologies varying in a manner that limits change in MKT. This research shows that, unlike modularity, MTOM allows traits to retain strong evolutionary covariation while still reducing impacts on functionality. These results suggest that MTOM, and its influence on the evolution of correlated traits, is likely much more widespread than is currently understood.
Bison jaw (late Holocene). Big Bone Lick, KY
Late Holocene Bison mandible (Bison bison) from 1971 excavations at Big Bone Lick, Boone Co., KY. The bulging jaw below the molars is a pathology suggesting infection at the time of death. Scanned in June 2022 at Big Bone Lick, State Park (#1971.2.2). Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Dwarf Tapir jaw. Gray Fossil Site, TN.
Dwarf Tapir (*Tapirus polkensis*) mandible from Gray Fossil Site, TN. Pliocene. On exhibit at the McClung Museum, University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Cow Jaw
This cow jaw is part of the Rollins College Archaeology Lab teaching collection. It was excavated in 1983 by Rollins students. Model made by David John Smith. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Figs 3–4 in Another new trap-jaw ant (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Odontomachus LATREILLE, 1804) from the Philippines
Figs 3–4. Odontomachus pangantihoni nov.sp., paratype: (3) body, lateral view; (4) mesopleuron.
Mask with Moveable Jaw
Collection and item number: Probably the Donald and Olive Kessler Collection, #337 Origin: West Africa, thought to be Liberian, c. 1961 Media: Wood, textile and pigment This item was 3D scanned using a [Creaform Go Scan 50.](https://onlineresourcesinc.com/products/academia-50/) Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Tasmanian tiger jaw
Made by [Renee Dixson](https://twitter.com/Renee_Dixson), [Skullbook - Digital Bone Library](http://cdhr.cass.anu.edu.au/research/projects/skullbook-digital-bone-library) Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Mammoth Jaw
A fragment of mammoth jaw found near Ilford in east London and now located in the Museum of London. Date: Lower Palaeolithic. c. 200000BC. https://collections.museumoflondon.org.uk/online/object/61451.html 148 photos taken (through glass) in November 2020 with a Sony a6000 and processed in Reality Capture. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
OPT data from: A novel cis-regulatory element drives early expression of Nkx3.2 in the gnathostome primary jaw joint
<p><span>The acquisition of movable jaws was a major event during vertebrate evolution. The role of NK3 homeobox 2 (Nkx3.2) transcription factor in patterning the primary jaw joint of gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates) is well known, however, knowledge about its regulatory mechanism is lacking. In this study, we report a proximal enhancer element of <em>Nkx3.2</em> that is deeply conserved in most gnathostomes but undetectable in the jawless hagfish and lamprey. This enhancer is active in the developing jaw joint region of the zebrafish <em>Danio rerio</em>, and was thus designated as <em>jaw joint regulatory sequence 1</em> (JRS1). We further show that JRS1 enhancer sequences from a range of gnathostome species, including a chondrichthyan and mammals, have the same activity in the jaw joint as the native zebrafish enhancer, indicating a high degree of functional conservation despite the divergence of cartilaginous and bony fish lineages or the transition of the primary jaw joint into the middle ear of mammals. Finally, we show that deletion of JRS1 from the zebrafish genome using CRISPR/Cas9 results in a significant reduction of early gene expression of <em>Nkx3.2</em> and leads to transient jaw joint deformation and partial fusion. The emergence of this <em>Nkx3.2 </em>enhancer in early gnathostomes may have contributed to the origin and shaping of the articulating surfaces of vertebrate jaws.</span></p>
Growth orientations, rather than heterogeneous growth rates, dominate jaw joint morphogenesis in the larval zebrafish
<p>Supplementary material for paper entitled "Growth orientations, rather than heterogeneous growth rates, dominate jaw joint morphogenesis in the larval zebrafish".</p> <p>Raw data, scripts, models and results are made available along with supplementary figures.</p>
Dataset of antiarch placoderms (the most basal jawed vertebrates) throughout Middle Paleozoic
<p>This dataset is derived from the DeepBone database (www.deepbone.org), which is constructed with the support of "Big Earth Data Science Engineering (CASEarth)" in the Strategic Priority Research Program. Because no automatic method could extract the paleontological data from literature reliably, we invited researchers and students to contribute data in their research fields. This dataset, which was extracted manually from 126 published papers or books from 1939 to 2021, consists of 64 genera and 6025 records, covering all antiarch lineages. We transferred the unstructured data from the literature to structured data for further research as detailed as possible. The 6025 records include 5867 fossil specimens that had been systematically described and documented, and 158 virtual specimens, which were introduced to describe the taxon information when no specimen was assigned for the referred records. Each record has at least one reference within our dataset. This is the most comprehensive dataset of Antiarcha up to now.</p>
A Permian fish reveals widespread distribution of neopterygian-like jaw suspension
<p>The actinopterygian crown group (comprising all living ray-finned fishes) originated by the end of the Carboniferous. However, most late Paleozoic taxa are stem actinopterygians, and broadly resemble stratigraphically older taxa. The early Permian †<em>Brachydegma</em> <em>caelatum</em> is notable for its three-dimensional preservation and past phylogenetic interpretations as a nested member of the neopterygian crown. Here, we use computed microtomography to redescribe †<em>Brachydegma</em>, uncovering an unanticipated combination of primitive (e.g., aortic canal; immobile maxilla) and derived (e.g., differentiated occipital ossifications; posterior stem of parasphenoid; two accessory hyoidean ossifications; double jaw joint) endoskeletal features relative to most other Paleozoic actinopterygians. Some of these features were previously thought restricted to the neopterygian crown. The precise phylogenetic position of †<em>Brachydegma</em> is unclear, with placements either on the polypterid stem, or as an early-diverging stem neopterygian. However, our analyses decisively reject previous placements of †<em>Brachydegma</em> in the neopterygian crown. Critically, we demonstrate that key-endoskeletal components of the hyoid portion of the suspensorium of crown neopterygians appeared deeper in the tree than previously thought.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.