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11,718 results for “life”
Figure 8. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. A transverse section through a in The organs of prey capture and digestion in the miniature predatory bivalve Spheniopsis brasiliensis (Anomalodesmata: Cuspidarioidea: Spheniopsidae) expose a novel life-history trait
Figure 8. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. A transverse section through a single digestive tubule. AM, Amoebocyte; CRC, crypt cell; DC, digestive cell.
Figure 4. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. A in The organs of prey capture and digestion in the miniature predatory bivalve Spheniopsis brasiliensis (Anomalodesmata: Cuspidarioidea: Spheniopsidae) expose a novel life-history trait
Figure 4. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. A transverse section through the stomach in the region of the conjoined style sac and mid gut. CS, Crystalline style; CSMG, conjoined style sac and mid gut; CSS, crystalline style sac; FIPI, fragments of ingested prey; GS, gastric shield; MG, mid gut; SC, secretory cells.
Figure 7 in The organs of prey capture and digestion in the miniature predatory bivalve Spheniopsis brasiliensis (Anomalodesmata: Cuspidarioidea: Spheniopsidae) expose a novel life-history trait
Figure 7. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. Histological sections through the visceral mass and ingested prey items. (A) A transverse section through the stomach with ingested prey items inside it. (B, C) The remains of captured and ingested ostracods. (D) The skeletal remains of an unknown prey item. CSS, Crystalline style sac; GS, gastric shield; IPI, ingested prey item; ST, stomach.
Figure 12. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. A section through a in The organs of prey capture and digestion in the miniature predatory bivalve Spheniopsis brasiliensis (Anomalodesmata: Cuspidarioidea: Spheniopsidae) expose a novel life-history trait
Figure 12. Spheniopsis brasiliensis. A section through a portion of a gonadial follicle. C, Cuticle; DN, dividing nucleus; DO, developing oocyte; EO, encapsulated oocyte; GE, germinal epithelium; N, nucleus; RT, regressing testes; STA, stalk; SPZ, spermatozoan; Y, yolk.
Figure 2 in Host-parasite relationships and life cycles of cuckoo wasps in agro-ecosystems in Argentina (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae: Chrysidini)
Figure 2. Emergence patterns of (a) Chrysis boutheryi (Brèthes) (squares; n = 20) and (b) C. saltana Bohart (triangles, n = 19) adults reared from trap-nests in Toay, La Pampa Province.
Figure 1 in Host-parasite relationships and life cycles of cuckoo wasps in agro-ecosystems in Argentina (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae: Chrysidini)
Figure 1. (a) Study sites: Toay (inverted triangle), Hortensia (square), Pila (triangle) and Colonia Elía (hexagon), situated in the Pampean region. The area encircled by thick line indicates the location of the Río de la Plata grasslands. Subdivisions are limited by dotted lines and identified by capital letters. A: Rolling Pampa; B: Inland Pampa; C: Southern Pampa; D: Flooding Pampa; E: Mesopotamic Pampa; F: Campos (modified from Medan et al.2011). (b–c) Trap-nests located in one tree and on fence posts.
Ocean acidification induces distinct transcriptomic responses across life history stages of the sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma
Ocean acidification (OA) from seawater uptake of rising carbon dioxide emissions impairs development in marine invertebrates, particularly in calcifying species. Plasticity in gene expression is thought to mediate many of these physiological effects, but how these responses change across life history stages remains unclear. The abbreviated lecithotrophic development of the sea urchin <i>Heliocidaris erythrogramma</i> provides a valuable opportunity to analyze gene expression responses across a wide range of life history stages, including the benthic, post-metamorphic juvenile. We measured the transcriptional response to OA in <i>H. erythrogramma</i> at three stages of the life cycle (embryo, larva, and juvenile) in a controlled breeding design. The results reveal a broad range of strikingly stage-specific impacts of OA on transcription, including changes in the number and identity of affected genes; the magnitude, sign, and variance of their expression response; and the developmental trajectory of expression. The impact of OA on transcription was notably modest in relation to gene expression changes during unperturbed development and dwarfed by genetic contributions from parentage. The latter result suggests that natural populations may provide an extensive genetic reservoir of resilience to OA. Taken together, these results highlight the complexity of the molecular response to OA, its substantial life history stage specificity, and the importance of contextualizing the transcriptional response to pH stress in light of normal development and standing genetic variation to better understand the capacity for marine invertebrates to adapt to OA.
Figure 2 in Life cycle of Huarpea fallax (Hymenoptera: Sapygidae) in a xeric forest in Argentina
Figure 2. Emergence pattern of individuals of Huarpea fallax obtained from nests of wild bees collected in trap nests in a xeric forest of Argentina (n = 11).
The Secret Life of Software Vulnerabilities: A Large-Scale Empirical Study
<p>Online appendix of the paper entitled: "The Secret Life of Software Vulnerabilities: A Large-Scale Empirical Study". It contains all scripts and data required to replicate the four research questions of the study.</p> <p>Abstract: Software vulnerabilities are weaknesses in source code that can be potentially exploited to cause loss or harm. While researchers have been devising a number of methods to deal with vulnerabilities, there is still a noticeable lack of knowledge on their software engineering life cycle, for example how vulnerabilities are introduced and removed by developers. This information can be exploited to design more effective methods for vulnerability prevention and detection, as well as to understand the granularity that these methods should aim at. To investigate the life cycle of software vulnerabilities, we focus on how, when, and under which circumstances vulnerabilities are introduced in software projects, as well as whether, after how long, and how they are removed. We consider 4,097 vulnerabilities with public patches from the National Vulnerability Database—pertaining to 1,163 open-source software projects on GITHUB—and define a six-step process that involves both automated parts (e.g., using the SZZ algorithm to find the vulnerability-inducing commits) and manual analyses (e.g., how vulnerabilities were fixed). The investigated vulnerabilities can be classified in 148 categories, take on average 4.19 commits before being introduced, and remain unfixed for a median of 1,506.50 commits and 691.50 days. Most of them are introduced by developers with high workload, often when doing maintenance activities, and removed with mostly with the addition of new source code aiming at implementing further checks on inputs. We conclude by distilling practical implications on when and how vulnerability detectors should work to better assist developers in early detecting these issues.</p>
NEXUS file describing the taxonomic relationships of the 466 species for which genome sequencing was underway at Tree of Life, Wellcome Sanger Institute, at 31 December 2020
<p>This NEXUS file shows the taxonomic relationships of 466 species of eukaryote. The taxonomy derives from the NCBI TaxonomyDB. The species are those for which genome sequencing is underway at the Tree of Life programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, as of 31st Decemnber 2020. The NEXUS file includes a figtree block generated in FigTree [<strong><a href="https://github.com/rambaut/figtree">https://github.com/rambaut/figtree</a>] </strong>that informs display of the data as a circular tree with species coloured by taxonomic Family, and Families with more than one species represented as triangles. The figure is used in publications and presentations describing the activities of the Tree of Life programme and the projects in which Tree of Life is involved, especially the Darwin Tree of Life project [https://darwintreeoflife.org].</p>
Figure 1 in Biology and life-table of Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) athenas (Acari: Phytoseiidae) fed with the Old World Date Mite, Oligonychus afrasiaticus (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Figure 1 Population dynamics ofO. afrasiaticus andT. (A.) athenas on date of 'Alig' cultivar at Segdoud, South of Tunisia in 2005 and 2006.
Time spent in distinct life-history stages has sex-specific effects on reproductive fitness in wild Atlantic salmon
<p><span>In species with complex life cycles, life history theory predicts that fitness is affected by conditions encountered in previous life history stages. Here, we use a four-year pedigree to investigate if time spent in two distinct life history stages has sex-specific reproductive fitness consequences in anadromous Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>). We determined the amount of years spent in fresh water as juveniles (freshwater age, FW, measured in years), and years spent in the marine environment as adults (sea age, SW, measured in sea winters) on 264 sexually mature adults collected on a river spawning ground. We then estimated reproductive fitness as the number of offspring (reproductive success) and the number of mates (mating success) using genetic parentage analysis (>5000 offspring). Sea age is significantly and positively correlated with reproductive and mating success of both sexes whereby older and larger individuals gained the highest reproductive fitness benefits (females: 62.2% increase in offspring/SW and 34.8% increase in mate number/SW; males: 201.9% offspring/SW and 60.3% mates/SW). Younger freshwater age was significantly related to older sea age and thus increased reproductive fitness, but only among females (females: -33.9% offspring/FW and -32.4% mates/FW). This result implies that females can obtain higher reproductive fitness by transitioning to the marine environment earlier. In contrast, male mating and reproductive success was unaffected by freshwater age and more males returned at a younger age than females despite the reproductive fitness advantage of later sea age maturation. Our results show that the timing of transitions between juvenile and adult phases has a sex-specific consequence on female reproductive fitness, demonstrating a life-history trade-off between maturation and reproduction in wild Atlantic salmon.</span></p>
Data from: Enriching the ant tree of life: enhanced UCE bait set for genome-scale phylogenetics of ants and other Hymenoptera
1. Targeted enrichment of conserved genomic regions (e.g., ultraconserved elements or UCEs) has emerged as a promising tool for inferring evolutionary history in many organismal groups. Because the UCE approach is still relatively new, much remains to be learned about how best to identify UCE loci and design baits to enrich them. 2. We test an updated UCE identification and bait design workflow for the insect order Hymenoptera, with a particular focus on ants. The new strategy augments a previous bait design for Hymenoptera by (a) changing the parameters by which conserved genomic regions are identified and retained, and (b) increasing the number of genomes used for locus identification and bait design. We perform in vitro validation of the approach in ants by synthesizing an ant-specific bait set that targets UCE loci and a set of "legacy" phylogenetic markers. Using this bait set, we generate new data for 84 taxa (16/17 ant subfamilies) and extract loci from an additional 17 genome-enabled taxa. We then use these data to examine UCE capture success and phylogenetic performance across ants. We also test the workability of extracting legacy markers from enriched samples and combining the data with published data sets. 3. The updated bait design (hym-v2) contained a total of 2,590-targeted UCE loci for Hymenoptera, significantly increasing the number of loci relative to the original bait set (hym-v1; 1,510 loci). Across 38 genome-enabled Hymenoptera and 84 enriched samples, experiments demonstrated a high and unbiased capture success rate, with the mean locus enrichment rate being 2,214 loci per sample. Phylogenomic analyses of ants produced a robust tree that included strong support for previously uncertain relationships. Complementing the UCE results, we successfully enriched legacy markers, combined the data with published Sanger data sets, and generated a comprehensive ant phylogeny containing 1,060 terminals. 4. Overall, the new UCE bait design strategy resulted in an enhanced bait set for genome-scale phylogenetics in ants and likely all of Hymenoptera. Our in vitro tests demonstrate the utility of the updated design workflow, providing evidence that this approach could be applied to any organismal group with available genomic information.
Dataset for "Communication with family and friends across the life course"
<p>This is the dataset for "Communication with family and friends across the life course", to be published in PLOS One.</p> <p>The file contains data corresponding to egocentric networks of 3340868 individuals, derived from anonymized call detail records for a 7 months period in the year 2007 from a mobile phone service provider in a European country. Each line in the file corresponds to a different ego-alter pair and provides aggregated voice calling information for the concerned month.</p> <p>Details in README file.</p> <p> </p>
FIGURE 11 in Description of a new Oriental stonefly species, Phanoperla constanspina (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Mindanao, Philippines and association of life stages using DNA barcoding
FIGURE 11. Phanoperla constanspina sp. nov. male nymphal habitus illustrating two general body pigmentation types. (A) (Haplotype: N-J 25. m) Pale to lighter brown, sometimes with darker wingpad tips. (B) (Haplotype: N-G 49. m). Dark to darker brown, sometimes with dark to black wingpads.
FIGURE 8 in Description of a new Oriental stonefly species, Phanoperla constanspina (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Mindanao, Philippines and association of life stages using DNA barcoding
FIGURE 8. Phanoperla constanspina sp. nov. egg. (A) Entire egg. (B) Chorionic details. (C) Collar end (D) Anterior end. Scale = 100 µm.
Encyclopedia of Life v2: Taxon Hierarchies and Associated Taxon Concepts
<p>This archive contains a snapshot of the taxon hierarchies, and associated scientific name strings and image thumbnails, used by the Encyclopedia of Life v2 (Parr et al. 2014, http://eol.org). See https://github.com/jhpoelen/eol-globi-data/issues/274 and https://github.com/EOL/tramea/issues/366 for discussion threads. Taxon hierarchy providers include, but are not limited to, Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS, http://itis.gov) and World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS, http://marinespecies.org).</p>
Data and R script for Neville, Andrews, Nettle and Bateson, 'Dissociating the effects of alternative early-life feeding schedules on the development of adult depression-like phenotypes'
<p>The R script and raw data files for the paper 'Dissociating the effects of alternative early-life feeding schedules on the development of adult depression-like phenotypes', by Vikki Neville, Clare Andrews, Daniel Nettle and Melissa Bateson.</p>
Efficient assays to quantify the life history traits of algal viruses
<p>Data and analysis files accompanying the paper 'Efficient assays to quantify the life history traits of algal viruses' (Lievens et al. 2023, Applied & Environmental Microbiology). Includes data and code for the modified one-step growth (mOSG) assay, modified survival (mS) assay, and comparison of the two assays.</p> <p>The only difference with the previous version of this package (doi 10.5281/zenodo.6573770) is that two typos were corrected in the file "mOSG & mS comparison.rmd" (lines 172 & 182; corrections noted in the script).</p>
OCDetect - A Real-World Dataset to Detect Handwashing in Daily-Life using Wrist Motion Data from Wearables
<p>Handwashing detection is a relevant research topic with applications in healthcare and professional environments. While usually related to hygiene improvement, handwashing detection could also be used to support individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). For these individuals, compulsive, long, and frequent handwashing has a negative impact. An automated system could spot compulsive handwashing in real-time and augment the therapy process. No activity recognition datasets containing in-the-wild-recorded compulsive handwashing are available. With this work, we present the OCDetect Dataset, the first dataset with unscripted, compulsive handwashing. It contains recordings from inertial measurement units (IMUs) of 22 participants over 28 days, with ~3000 recorded hand washes. For each hand wash, we supply its user-annotated kind (compulsive / routine). We provide an overview of related datasets and describe the recording, cleaning, labeling, and final features of our dataset. We reach a maximum F1 score of 0.77 (avg.: 0.33, chance level: 0.03) when spotting handwashing from all background activities on unseen participants. Our dataset and code for the reproduction of our results are publicly available.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.