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622 results for “macaques”
Multiple systems in macaques for tracking prediction errors and other types of surprise
<p>Data and code to reproduce the figures and major analyses in</p> <p>Grohn J, Schüffelgen U, Neubert F-X, Verhagen L, Sallet J, Kolling N, Rushworth MFS. Multiple systems in macaques for tracking prediction errors and other types of surprise. PLOS Biology. 2020.</p>
Neural activity during a simple reaching task in macaques is counter to gating and rebound in basal ganglia-thalamic communication
<div class="page"> <div class="layoutArea"> <div class="column"> <p>Task-related activity in the ventral thalamus, a major target of basal ganglia output, is often assumed to be permitted or triggered by changes in basal ganglia activity through gating- or rebound-like mechanisms. To test those hypotheses, we sampled single-unit activity from connected basal ganglia output and thalamic nuclei (globus pallidus-internus, GPi, and ventrolateral-anterior nucleus, VLa) in monkeys performing a reaching task. Rate increases were the most common peri-movement change in both nuclei. Moreover, peri-movement changes generally began earlier in VLa than in GPi. Simultaneously-recorded GPi-VLa pairs rarely showed short-timescale spike-to-spike correlations or slow across-trials covariations and both were equally positive and negative. Finally, spontaneous GPi bursts and pauses were both followed by small, slow reductions in VLa rate. These results appear incompatible with standard gating and rebound models. Still, gating or rebound may be possible in other physiological situations: Simulations show how GPi-VLa communication can scale with GPi synchrony and GPi-to-VLa convergence, illuminating how synchrony of basal ganglia output during motor learning or in pathological conditions may render this pathway effective. Thus, in the healthy state, basal ganglia-thalamic communication during learned movement is more subtle than expected, with changes in firing rates possibly being dominated by a common external source.</p> </div> </div> </div>
Female ornaments: is red skin color attractive to males and related to condition in rhesus macaques?
Sexual selection produces extravagant male traits, such as colorful ornaments, via female mate choice. More rarely, in mating systems in which males allocate mating effort between multiple females, female ornaments may evolve via male mate choice. Females of many anthropoid primates exhibit ornaments that indicate intra-individual cyclical fertility, but which have also been proposed to function as inter-individual quality signals. Rhesus macaque females are one such species, exhibiting cyclical facial color variation that indicates ovulatory status, but in which the function of inter-individual variation is unknown. We collected digital images of the faces of 32 rhesus macaque adult females. We assessed mating rates, and consortship by males, according to female face coloration. We also assessed whether female coloration was linked to physical (skinfold fat, BMI) or physiological (fecal glucocorticoid metabolite fGCM, urinary C-peptide concentrations) condition. We found that redder-faced females were mated more frequently, and consorted for longer periods by top-ranked males. Redder females had higher fGCM concentrations, perhaps related to their increased mating activity and consequent energy mobilization, and blood-flow. Prior analyses have shown that female facial redness is a heritable trait, and that redder-faced females have higher annual fecundity, while other evidence suggests that color expression is likely to be a signal rather than a cue. Collectively, the available evidence suggests that female coloration has evolved at least in part via male mate choice. Its evolution as a sexually-selected ornament attractive to males is probably attributable to the high female reproductive synchrony found in this species.
Differentially evolutionary pathways and their interactions in genes expressed in brain of human and macaque
As the key organ that separates human from other non-human primates, brain has continuously evolved to adapt to the changes of environments and climates. Although human shares most genetic, molecular and cellular features with primates like macaque, there are significant differences in the structure and function in brain of human and these species. Thus, exploring the differences between brains of human and non-human primates in the context of evolution will provide insights into the development, function and diseases of human nervous system. Since the genes involved in many aspects of human brain are under common pressures of natural selection, their evolutionary features can be analyzed collectively at pathway-level. In this study, we tried to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying human brain by comparing the evolutionary features of pathways enriched in genes expressed in human brain and macaque brain. We identified 31 differentially evolutionary pathways in the brain of human and macaque, among which included those related to neurological diseases, signaling transduction, immune and metabolism. By analyzing differentially expressed genes in brain regions and development stages between human and macaque, we also found that ten and four pathways with evolutionary differences, respectively. We further performed crosstalk analysis of pathways to obtain an intuitive correlation between the pathways, which is helpful to understand the mechanism of interaction between pathways. Our results shed light on a comprehensive view of the evolutionary pathways of the human nervous system and provide a reference for the study of human brain development.
Acquisition of object-robbing and object/food-bartering behaviors: A culturally maintained token economy in free-ranging long-tailed macaques
<p>The token exchange paradigm shows that monkeys and great apes are able to use objects as symbolic tools to request specific food rewards. Such studies provide insights into the cognitive underpinnings of economic behavior in non-human primates. However, the ecological validity of these lab-based experimental situations tends to be limited. Our field research aims to address the need for a more ecologically valid primate model of trading systems in humans. Around the Uluwatu Temple in Bali, Indonesia, a large free-ranging population of long-tailed macaques spontaneously and routinely engage in token-mediated bartering interactions with humans. These interactions occur in two phases: after stealing inedible and more or less valuable objects from humans, the macaques appear to use them as tokens, by returning them to humans in exchange for food. Our field observational and experimental data showed (1) age differences in robbing/bartering success, indicative of experiential learning, and (2) clear behavioral associations between value-based token possession and quantity or quality of food rewards rejected and accepted by subadult and adult monkeys, suggestive of robbing/bartering payoff maximization and economic decision-making. This population-specific, prevalent, cross-generational, learned and socially influenced practice may be the first example of a culturally maintained token economy in free-ranging animals.</p>
Social contagion of affiliation in female macaques
<p>Social contagion of non-interactive behavior is widespread among animals including humans. It is thought to facilitate behavioral synchronization and consequently group cohesion, coordination, and opportunities for social learning. Contagion of interactive behavior - particularly affiliation - has received much less attention. Here, we investigated in female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) the effect of observing group members groom on a subject's subsequent grooming behavior and the potential modulation of contagion by relationship quality and social status. We recorded behavior after subjects witnessed a grooming event and compared it to behavior in a control condition with the same individuals in proximity but in the absence of a stimulus grooming event. Compared to the control condition, after observing others groom, females engaged in a grooming interaction sooner, and were more likely to be the initiator and to take on the active groomer role. Dominance rank of the focal individual and more weakly also of the stimulus individuals affected the latency to the next grooming interaction of the focal subject. Latency to the next grooming interaction decreased with increasing rank of the subject potentially reflecting lower social constraints faced by high ranking individuals in this highly despotic species. Relationship quality between the subject and the stimulus individuals had no effect on latency to grooming. Collectively, our findings provide evidence for visual contagion of affiliation in rhesus macaques. Future studies should explore the systematic variation in contagion of interactive behavior in relation to a gradient of social tolerance.</p>
Female fertile phase synchrony, and male mating and reproductive skew, in the crested macaque
<p>High social status is the primary determinant of reproductive success among group-living male mammals. Primates living in multimale–multifemale groups show the greatest variation in the strength of this link, with marked variation in reproductive skew by male dominance among species, dependent on the degree of female fertile phase synchrony, and the number of competing males. Here, we present data on two groups of wild crested macaques (Macaca nigra), living in the Tangkoko Reserve, Sulawesi, Indonesia. We investigated male monopolization of fertile females in 31 cycles of 19 females, and genetic paternity of 14 offspring conceived during the study period. We show that female fertile phase synchrony was low, that females had few mating partners in their fertile phase, and that dominant males monopolized a high proportion of consortships and matings, resulting in marked and steep mating and reproductive skew. We conclude that female cycle asynchrony provides the opportunity for strong direct male–male competition in crested macaques, resulting in monopolization of females by dominant males, consistent with their marked sexual dimorphism. Our study provides a test of the underlying factors that determine the relative occurrence and strength of different mechanisms of sexual selection, and the phenotypes that evolve as a result.</p>
Data from: Experimental evidence that female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) perceive variation in male facial masculinity
Among many primate species, face shape is sexually dimorphic, and male facial masculinity has been proposed to influence female mate choice and male-male competition. However, whether conspecifics pay attention to facial masculinity has only been assessed in humans. Here, working with free-ranging rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta, we used a two-alternative look-time experiment to test whether females perceive male facial masculinity. We presented 107 females with pairs of images of male faces – one more masculine and one more feminine – and recorded their looking behaviour. Females looked toward the masculine face longer than the feminine face in more trials than predicted by chance. Although there was no overall difference in average look-time between masculine and feminine faces across all trials, females looked significantly longer at masculine faces in a subset of trials for which the within-pair difference in masculinity was most pronounced. Additionally, the proportion of time subjects looked toward the masculine face increased as the within-pair difference in masculinity increased. This study provides evidence that female macaques perceive variation in male facial shape, a necessary condition for intersexual selection to operate on such a trait. It also highlights the potential impact of perceptual thresholds on look-time experiments.
Data from: Visual phenotype matching: cues to paternity are present in rhesus macaque faces
The ability to recognize kin and thus behaviourally discriminate between conspecifics based on genetic relatedness is of importance both in acquiring inclusive fitness benefits and to enable optimal inbreeding. In primates, mechanisms allowing recognition of paternal relatives are of particular interest, given that in these mating systems patrilineal information is unlikely to be available via social familiarity. Humans use visual phenotype matching based on facial features to identify their own and other's close relatives, and recent studies suggest similar abilities may be present in other species. However it is unclear to what extent familial resemblances remain detectable against the background levels of relatedness typically found within demes in the wild – a necessary condition if facial cues are to function in kin recognition under natural conditions. Here, we experimentally investigate whether parent-offspring relationships are discernible in rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) faces drawn from a large free-ranging population more representative of the latter scenario, and in which genetic relatedness has been well quantified from pedigrees determined via molecular markers. We used the human visual system as a means of integrating multiple types of facial cue simultaneously, and demonstrate that paternal, as well as maternal, resemblance to both sons and daughters can be detected even by human observers. Experts performed better than participants who lacked previous experience working with nonhuman primates. However the finding that even naïve individuals succeeded at the task underlines the strength of the phenotypic cues present in faces.
Data associated with Cell Reports publication: Dura-Bernal, Griffith, et al. 2023, "Data-driven multiscale model of macaque auditory thalamocortical circuits reproduces in vivo dynamics" (2/4)
<p>This dataset includes experimental data used to constrain and validate the model, and model simulation output data for the following Cell Reports publication: <a href="https://www.cell.com/cell-reports/fulltext/S2211-1247(23)01390-6">https://www.cell.com/cell-reports/fulltext/S2211-1247(23)01390-6</a></p><p>The source code for the associated A1 model and data analysis can be found here: <a href="https://github.com/NathanKlineInstitute/Macaque_auditory_thalamocortical_model_data">https://github.com/NathanKlineInstitute/Macaque_auditory_thalamocortical_model_data</a>.</p><p>All zip files should unzipped into a parent folder called /data inside the Github repository above.</p><p><strong>Important:</strong> Due to the Zenodo size limit, this dataset is split among 4 Zenodo uploads. This is upload <strong>2 out of 4</strong>. The other 3 uploads can be found at: </p><p>Upload 1/4: <a href="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10066993">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10066993</a> (https://zenodo.org/uploads/10066993)</p><p>Upload 3/4: <a href="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10071726">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10071726</a> (https://zenodo.org/uploads/10071726)</p><p>Upload 4/4: <a href="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10072277">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10072277</a> (https://zenodo.org/uploads/10072277)</p><p>For more information please contact: salvador.dura-bernal@downstate.edu </p>
Data associated with Cell Reports publication: Dura-Bernal, Griffith, et al. 2023, "Data-driven multiscale model of macaque auditory thalamocortical circuits reproduces in vivo dynamics" (3/4)
<p>This dataset includes experimental data used to constrain and validate the model, and model simulation output data for the following Cell Reports publication: <a href="https://www.cell.com/cell-reports/fulltext/S2211-1247(23)01390-6">https://www.cell.com/cell-reports/fulltext/S2211-1247(23)01390-6</a></p><p>The source code for the associated A1 model and data analysis can be found here: <a href="https://github.com/NathanKlineInstitute/Macaque_auditory_thalamocortical_model_data">https://github.com/NathanKlineInstitute/Macaque_auditory_thalamocortical_model_data</a>.</p><p>All zip files should unzipped into a parent folder called /data inside the Github repository above.</p><p><strong>Important:</strong> Due to the Zenodo size limit, this dataset is split among 4 Zenodo uploads. This is upload <strong>3 out of 4</strong>. The other 3 uploads can be found at: </p><p>Upload 1/4: <a href="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10066993">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10066993</a> (https://zenodo.org/uploads/10066993)</p><p>Upload 2/4: <a href="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10069553">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10069553</a> (https://zenodo.org/uploads/10069553)</p><p>Upload 4/4: <a href="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10072277">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10072277</a> (https://zenodo.org/uploads/10072277)</p><p>For more information please contact: salvador.dura-bernal@downstate.edu </p>
Data associated with Cell Reports publication: Dura-Bernal, Griffith, et al. 2023, "Data-driven multiscale model of macaque auditory thalamocortical circuits reproduces in vivo dynamics" (1/4)
<p>This dataset includes experimental data used to constrain and validate the model, and model simulation output data for the following Cell Reports publication: <a href="https://www.cell.com/cell-reports/fulltext/S2211-1247(23)01390-6">https://www.cell.com/cell-reports/fulltext/S2211-1247(23)01390-6</a></p><p>The source code for the associated A1 model and data analysis can be found here: <a href="https://github.com/NathanKlineInstitute/Macaque_auditory_thalamocortical_model_data">https://github.com/NathanKlineInstitute/Macaque_auditory_thalamocortical_model_data</a>.</p><p>All zip files should unzipped into a parent folder called /data inside the Github repository above.</p><p><strong>Important:</strong> Due to the Zenodo size limit, this dataset is split among 4 Zenodo uploads. This is upload <strong>1 out of 4</strong>. The other 3 uploads can be found at: </p><p>Upload 2/4: <a href="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10069553">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10069553</a> (https://zenodo.org/uploads/10069553)</p><p>Upload 3/4: <a href="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10071726">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10071726</a> (https://zenodo.org/uploads/10071726)</p><p>Upload 4/4: <a href="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10072277">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10072277</a> (https://zenodo.org/uploads/10072277)</p><p>For more information please contact: salvador.dura-bernal@downstate.edu </p>
Dataset and codes of Conflict detection and resolution in macaque frontal eye fields
<p>The dataset and Matlab code related to the paper published in Communications Biology. </p>
Image distortion data from "An open-source MRI compatible frame for multimodal presurgical mapping in macaque and capuchin monkeys"
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Rhesus macaques compensate for reproductive delay following ecological adversity early in life
<p>Adversity early in life can shape the reproductive potential of individuals through negative effects on health and life span. However, long-lived populations with multiple reproductive events may present alternative life history strategies to optimize reproductive schedules and compensate for shorter life spans. Here, we quantify the effects of major hurricanes and density dependence as sources of early-life ecological adversity on Cayo Santiago rhesus macaque female reproduction and decompose their effects onto the mean age-specific fertility, reproductive pace, and lifetime reproductive success (LRS). Females experiencing major hurricanes exhibit a delayed reproductive debut but maintain the pace of reproduction past debut and show a higher mean fertility during prime reproductive ages, relative to unaffected females. Increasing density at birth is associated to a decrease in mean fertility and reproductive pace, but such association is absent at intermediate densities. When combined, our study reveals that hurricanes early in life predict a delay-overshoot pattern in mean age-specific fertility that supports the maintenance of LRS. In contrast to predictive adaptive response models of accelerated reproduction, this long-lived population presents a novel reproductive strategy where females who experience major natural disasters early in life ultimately overcome their initial reproductive penalty with no major negative fitness outcomes. Density presents a more complex relation with reproduction that suggests females experiencing a population regulated at intermediate densities early in life will escape density dependence and show optimized reproductive schedules. Our results support hypotheses about life history trade-offs in which adversity-affected females ensure their future reproductive potential by allocating more energy to growth or maintenance processes at younger adult ages.</p>
On following pages: 3. Crested Macaque (Macaca nigra); 4. Gorontalo Macaque (Macaca nigrescens); 5. Heck's Macaque Macaque (Macaca ochreata); 9. Pagai Macaque (Macaca pagensis); 10. Siberut Macaque (Macaca siberu); 11. Sunda Macaque (Macaca sinica); 14. Bonnet Macaque (Macaca radiata). (Macaca heck); 6. Tonkean Macaque (Macaca tonkeana); 7. Moor Macaque (Macaca maura): 8. Booted Pig-tailed Macaque (Macaca nemestrina); 12. Northern Pig-tailed Macaque (Macaca leonina); 13. Toque in Cercopithecidae
On following pages: 3. Crested Macaque (Macaca nigra); 4. Gorontalo Macaque (Macaca nigrescens); 5. Heck's Macaque Macaque (Macaca ochreata); 9. Pagai Macaque (Macaca pagensis); 10. Siberut Macaque (Macaca siberu); 11. Sunda Macaque (Macaca sinica); 14. Bonnet Macaque (Macaca radiata). (Macaca heck); 6. Tonkean Macaque (Macaca tonkeana); 7. Moor Macaque (Macaca maura): 8. Booted Pig-tailed Macaque (Macaca nemestrina); 12. Northern Pig-tailed Macaque (Macaca leonina); 13. Toque
On following pages: 16. Arunachal Macaque (Macaca munzala); 17. Tibetan Macaque (Macaca thibetana); 18. Stump-tailed Macaque Macaca arctoides); 19. Long-tailed Macaque (Macaca fascicularis); 20. Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta); 21. Japanese Macaque (Macaca fuscata); 22. Taiwanese Macaque (Macaca cyclopis). in Cercopithecidae
On following pages: 16. Arunachal Macaque (Macaca munzala); 17. Tibetan Macaque (Macaca thibetana); 18. Stump-tailed Macaque Macaca arctoides); 19. Long-tailed Macaque (Macaca fascicularis); 20. Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta); 21. Japanese Macaque (Macaca fuscata); 22. Taiwanese Macaque (Macaca cyclopis).
Distribution. NE India (S of the Brahmaputra River in the states of Assam, E Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland & Tripura), extending SE through E Bangladesh and Myanmar (including the Mergui Archipelago), S China (SW Yunnan Province), Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and Cambodia; S to the Surat Thani/Krabi depression in peninsular Thailand (8-9° N). The lack of records in C and NE Myanmar between 20° N and 25° N suggests that this may be a natural gap in the distribution of the Northern Pig-tailed Macaque. in Cercopithecidae
Distribution. NE India (S of the Brahmaputra River in the states of Assam, E Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland & Tripura), extending SE through E Bangladesh and Myanmar (including the Mergui Archipelago), S China (SW Yunnan Province), Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and Cambodia; S to the Surat Thani/Krabi depression in peninsular Thailand (8-9° N). The lack of records in C and NE Myanmar between 20° N and 25° N suggests that this may be a natural gap in the distribution of the Northern Pig-tailed Macaque.
3D scanning data of the tooth surface of Japanese macaque (NMNS PV 6166-7) and the silicone impression molds of it
<p>3D scanning data of the tooth surface of Japanese macaque (NMNS PV 6166-7) and the silicone impression molds of it are saved in ".vk3", ".mnt", and ".sur" format, which are analyzed in:</p> <p>Sawaura, R., Kimura, Y., and Kubo, M. O. "Accuracy of Dental Microwear Impressions by Physical Properties of Silicone Materials" submitted to Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution.</p> <p>For details, please see the information in the paper.</p>
Dataset and codes for "The Warmth of Sarudango: Modelling the Huddling Behaviour of Japanese Macaques (Macaca fuscata)"
<p>Dataset and codes for "<strong><span>The Warmth of Sarudango: Modelling the Huddling Behaviour of Japanese Macaques (<em>Macaca fuscata</em>)"</span></strong></p> <p><strong><span><span>Huddling behaviour is observed across various mammalian and avian species. Huddling, a behaviour wherein animals maintain close physical contact with conspecifics for warmth and social bonding, is widely documented among species in cold environments as a crucial thermoregulatory mechanism. Interestingly, on Shodoshima, Japanese macaques form exceptionally large huddling clusters, often exceeding 50 individuals, a significant deviation from the smaller groups observed in other populations (Arashyama, Katsuyama, Taksakiyama) and climates. This study aims to uncover the mechanisms behind the formation and size of these huddling clusters, proposing that such behaviours can be explained by simple probabilistic rules influenced by environmental conditions, the current cluster size, and individual decisions. Employing a computational model developed in Netlogo, we seek to demonstrate how emergent properties like the formation and dissolution of clusters arise from collective individual actions. We investigate whether the observed differences in huddling behaviour, particularly the larger cluster sizes on Shodoshima compared to those in colder habitats, reflect variations in social tolerance and cohesion. The model incorporates factors such as environmental temperature, cluster size, and individual decision-making, offering insights into the adaptability of social behaviours under environmental pressures. The findings suggest that temperature plays a crucial role in influencing huddling behaviour, with larger clusters forming in colder climates as individuals seek warmth. However, the study also highlights the importance of joining and leaving a cluster in terms of probability in the dynamics of huddling behaviour. We discussed the large clusters on Shodoshima as a result from a combination of environmental factors and a unique social tolerance and cohesion among the macaques. This study contributes to our understanding of complex social phenomena through the lens of self-organisation, illustrating how simple local interactions can give rise to intricate social structures and behaviours.</span></span></strong></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.