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193 results for “marine ecology”
Data from: The role of local ecology during hybridisation at the initial stages of ecological speciation in a marine snail
Hybrid zones of ecologically divergent populations are ideal systems to study the interaction between natural selection and gene flow during the initial stages of speciation. Here we perform an AFLP genome scan in parallel hybrid zones between divergent ecotypes of the marine snail Littorina saxatilis, which is considered a model case for the study of ecological speciation. RB (Ridged-Banded) and SU (Smooth-Unbanded) ecotypes are adapted to different shore levels and microhabitats, although they present a sympatric distribution at the mid-shore where they meet and mate (partially assortatively). We used shell morphology, outlier and non-outlier AFLP loci from RB, SU and hybrid specimens captured in sympatry to determine the level of phenotypic and genetic introgression. We found different levels of introgression at parallel hybrid zones and non-outlier loci showed more gene flow with greater phenotypic introgression. These results were independent from the phylogeography of the studied populations, but not from the local ecological conditions. Genetic variation at outlier loci was highly correlated with phenotypic variation. In addition, we used the relationship between genetic and phenotypic variation to estimate the heritability of morphological traits and to identify potential QTLs to be confirmed in future crosses. These results suggest that ecology (exogenous selection) plays an important role in this hybrid zone. Thus, ecologically-based divergent natural selection is responsible, simultaneously, for both ecotype divergence and hybridisation. On the other hand, genetic introgression occurs only at neutral loci (non-outliers). In the future, genome-wide studies and controlled crosses would give more valuable information about this process of speciation in the face of gene flow.
Data from: Genomic evidence for ecological divergence against a background of population homogeneity in the marine snail Chlorostoma funebralis
The balance between natural selection, gene flow and genetic drift is difficult to resolve in marine invertebrates with extensive dispersal and fluctuating population sizes. The intertidal snail Chlorostoma funebralis has planktonic larvae and previous work using mtDNA polymorphism reported no genetic population structure. Nevertheless, recent studies have documented differences in thermal tolerance and transcriptomic responses to heat stress between northern and southern California, USA, populations. To gain insight into the dynamics influencing adaptive divergence, we used double-digest restriction site-associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing to identify 1861 genomewide, quality-filtered single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci for C. funebralis collected from three northern and three southern California sites (15 individuals per population). Considering all SNPs, there was no evidence for genetic differentiation among populations or regions (average FST = 0.0042). However, outlier tests revealed 34 loci putatively under divergent selection between northern and southern populations, and structure and SNP tree analyses based on these outliers show clear genetic differentiation between geographic regions. Three of these outliers are known or hypothesized to be involved in stress granule formation, a response to environmental stress such as heat. Combined with previous work that found thermally tolerant southern populations show high baseline expression of stress response genes, these results further suggest that thermal stress is a strong selective pressure across C. funebralis populations. Overall, this study increases our understanding of the factors constraining local adaptation in marine organisms, while suggesting that ecologically driven, strong differentiation can occur at relevant loci in a species with planktonic larvae.
Data from: Apparent signal of competition limits diversification after ecological transitions from marine to freshwater habitats
Adaptive radiations are typically triggered when a lineage encounters a significant range of open niche space (ecological opportunity), stemming from i) colonization of new areas, ii) extinction of competitors, or iii) key innovations. The most well-known of these is the colonization of new areas, either through geographic dispersal or the invasion of a novel ecological habitats. One aspect of ecological opportunity that has rarely been studied, however, is whether the existence of potential competitors may act to limit evolutionary diversification in newly colonized adaptive zones. Here, we show that in multiple geographically independent reinvasions of freshwaters by marine Sea Catfishes (Ariidae), rates of diversification (estimated as a function of morphological disparity and cladogenesis) have been constrained by pre-existing high diversity freshwater lineages. Only one region (Australia-New Guinea), characterized by an otherwise-depauperate freshwater fauna, has an ariid invasion gained any substantial traction. This is true at both regional and community scales, suggesting that competitive constraints may be an important factor for adaptive radiation.
Data for: Ecological associations distribution modelling of marine plankton at global scale (2024)
<p>Datasets used to generate and project ADMs.</p> <p><a href="https://gitlab.univ-nantes.fr/combi-ls2n/adm">Click here to access to the git repository</a></p>
Transcriptional response to long-term thermal acclimation in an ecologically relevant marine cyanobacterium of the ubiquitous Synechococcus clade II
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Rapid range expansion of a marine ectotherm reveals the demographic and ecological consequences of short-term variability in seawater temperature and dissolved oxygen
<p>The distributions of marine ectotherms are governed by physiological sensitivities to long-term trends in seawater temperature and dissolved oxygen. Short-term variability in these parameters has the potential to facilitate rapid range expansions, and the resulting ecological and socioeconomic consequences may portend those of future marine communities. Here, we combine physiological experiments with ecological and demographic surveys to assess the causes and consequences of sudden but temporary poleward range expansions of a marine ectotherm with considerable life history plasticity (California market squid, <i>Doryteuthis opalescens</i>). We show that sequential factors related to resource accessibility in the core range may drive these expansions—the buildup of large populations due to competitive release, and climate-associated temperature increase and oxygen loss that constrain aerobic activity. We also reveal that poleward range expansion alters the body size—and therefore trophic role—of invading populations, with potential negative implications for socioeconomically valuable resident species. To help forecast rapid range expansions of marine ectotherms, we advocate that research efforts focus on factors impacting resource accessibility in core ranges. Determining how environmental conditions in receiving ecosystems affect body size, and how body size is related to trophic role, will help refine estimates of the impacts of future marine communities.</p>
FIGURE 4 in Feeding in marine mammals: An integration of evolution and ecology through time
FIGURE 4. Anatomical features associated with filter feeding in crabeater seal (Lobodon carcinophaga skull, public domain image), and gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus skull, authors' work).
FIGURE 10 in Feeding in marine mammals: An integration of evolution and ecology through time
FIGURE 10. Odontoceti stem and familial level diversity through time. The group "Delphinoidea" includes Delphinidae, Monodontidae, and Phocoenidae, as well as extinct members of this crown group of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The "river dolphins" closely related to these taxa (Inioidea and Lipotidae) are plotted separately to emphasize their diversity in the fossil record compared to the present. "Ziphioidea" includes Ziphiidae and closely related stem taxa as identified by Bianucci et al. (2016). Dashed vertical lines: black, epoch boundaries; gray, age boundaries.
FIGURE 6 in Feeding in marine mammals: An integration of evolution and ecology through time
FIGURE 6. Generic level diversity of marine mammal groups through time. Dashed vertical lines: black, epoch boundaries; gray, age boundaries. All silhouettes used in Figures 6-20 are the authors' own work.
FIGURE 9 in Feeding in marine mammals: An integration of evolution and ecology through time
FIGURE 9. Mysticeti stem and familial level diversity through time. "Cetotheriidae s.l." is a paraphyletic group including all taxa that belong to crown Mysticeti but are not grouped with any of the four living families. Dashed vertical lines: black, epoch boundaries; gray, age boundaries.
FIGURE 2 in Feeding in marine mammals: An integration of evolution and ecology through time
FIGURE 2. Anatomical features associated with biting (pierce, grip-and-tear, and crushing) feeding. 1: Crushing in sea otter (Enhydra lutris skull, from Lawlor, 1979), 2: Grip-and-tear in leopard seal (Hydruga leptonyx skull, authors' work), 3: Pierce in Southern sea lion, (Otaria byronia skull, authors' work) and in Amazon river dolphin (Inia geoffrensis skull, authors' work).
FIGURE 12 in Feeding in marine mammals: An integration of evolution and ecology through time
FIGURE 12. Hypothesized ecological replacement of desmostylians (circles) by sirenians (squares) in the North Pacific Ocean. On the top, map of the localities of Tortonian age (11 Ma) where desmostylian and sirenian were recorded. On the bottom, map of the localities of Zanclean age (5 Ma) where sirenians were recorded. Desmostylia disappear from the fossil record by the end of the Tortonian (7.2 Ma) when sirenians, particularly Hydrodamalis spp., start colonizing this region, likely feeding on the same resources. Only one occurrence per genus is reported in each locality. Locality data for each occurrence of Desmostylia and Sirenia in the Tortonian and Zanclean were downloaded from PBDB (https://paleobiodb.org) using the search parameters described in Materials and Methods and then plotted on the map.
FIGURE 2 in The Sea Slug Phanerophthalmus luteus (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia) and its Habitat and Ecology at the Marine Jellyfish Lake (Ongeim'l Tketau), Palau, Western Pacific Ocean
FIGURE 2. Aerial photograph of Mecherchar Island. The island is formed of uplifted Miocene limestone, with multiple lakes, including Jellyfish Lake indicated by the white arrow on the mid-right of the image. The lakes are surrounded by vegetation (green) while fringing reefs in the shallow waters surround the island (white to light blue), representing different marine habitats. P. luteus lives abundantly in Jellyfish Lake but was not observed on the reefs outside the island. Aerial photograph courtesy of Dr. Pat Colin.
FIGURE 6 in The Sea Slug Phanerophthalmus luteus (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia) and its Habitat and Ecology at the Marine Jellyfish Lake (Ongeim'l Tketau), Palau, Western Pacific Ocean
FIGURE 6. Two Phanerophthalmus luteus mating on the bottom of Jellyfish Lake among algae attached to sediment (August 15, 2013). The specimens display the usual whitish to green to greenish blue colors of specimens in Jellyfish Lake. Image by Dr. Michael Dawson.
Supplementary material 2 from: Lörz A-N, Tandberg AHS, Willassen E, Driskell A (2018) Rhachotropis (Eusiroidea, Amphipoda) from the North East Atlantic. In: Brix S, Lörz A-N, Stransky B, Svavarsson J (Eds) Amphipoda from the IceAGE-project (Icelandic marine Animals: Genetics and Ecology). ZooKeys 731: 75–101. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.731.19814
Table S2. Geographic distances between stations (sample name) in km. :
Figure 9 from: Peart RA (2018) Ampeliscidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from the IceAGE expeditions. In: Brix S, Lörz A-N, Stransky B, Svavarsson J (Eds) Amphipoda from the IceAGE-project (Icelandic marine Animals: Genetics and Ecology). ZooKeys 731: 145–173. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.731.19948
Figure 9 Haploops kaimmalkai sp. n. holotype, female, 6 mm, ZMH K-47057, Iceland Basin, 1384.8–1389 m. Scales represent 0.2 mm.
Figure 8 from: Peart RA (2018) Ampeliscidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from the IceAGE expeditions. In: Brix S, Lörz A-N, Stransky B, Svavarsson J (Eds) Amphipoda from the IceAGE-project (Icelandic marine Animals: Genetics and Ecology). ZooKeys 731: 145–173. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.731.19948
Figure 8 Haploops kaimmalkai sp. n. holotype, female, 6 mm, ZMH K-47057, Iceland Basin, 1384.8–1389 m. Whole animal, head and epimeron. Habitus scale represents 1 mm.
Figure 2 from: Jażdżewska AM, Corbari L, Driskell A, Frutos I, Havermans C, Hendrycks E, Hughes L, Lörz A-N, Stransky B, Tandberg AHS, Vader W, Brix S (2018) A genetic fingerprint of Amphipoda from Icelandic waters – the baseline for further biodiversity and biogeography studies. In: Brix S, Lörz A-N, Stransky B, Svavarsson J (Eds) Amphipoda from the IceAGE-project (Icelandic marine Animals: Genetics and Ecology). ZooKeys 731: 55–73. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.731.19931
Figure 2 Neighbour-joining (NJ) tree of COI sequences (Suppl. material 1) based on Kimura 2-parameter. Triangles indicate the relative number of individuals studied (height) and sequence divergence (width). The asterisk (*) symbolizes taxa having already published sequences in BOLD/GenBank identified to species level. The numbers in front of the nodes indicate bootstrap support (1000 replicates, only values higher than 50% are presented). The vertical bars represent species delimitations taxonomies obtained from morphology and different species delimitation methods. The same colour indicates the same nominal species. Only the cases where incongruence between different delimitation methods were observed are shown. Note that this tree is not the reconstruction of evolutionary history of presented taxa.
Figure 6 from: Peart RA (2018) Ampeliscidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from the IceAGE expeditions. In: Brix S, Lörz A-N, Stransky B, Svavarsson J (Eds) Amphipoda from the IceAGE-project (Icelandic marine Animals: Genetics and Ecology). ZooKeys 731: 145–173. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.731.19948
Figure 6 Haploops dauvini sp. n., holotype, female, 7 mm, ZMH K-47038, Norwegian Channel, 587.4–614.4 m. Antennae 1–2, gnathopods 1–2 scales represent 0.5 mm. Mouthparts scales represent 0.2 mm.
Figure 2 from: Peart RA (2018) Ampeliscidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from the IceAGE expeditions. In: Brix S, Lörz A-N, Stransky B, Svavarsson J (Eds) Amphipoda from the IceAGE-project (Icelandic marine Animals: Genetics and Ecology). ZooKeys 731: 145–173. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.731.19948
Figure 2 Byblisoides bellansantiniae sp. n. Holotype, female, 14 mm, ZMH K-47035, Irminger Basin, Iceland, 2537.3–2538.1 m. Whole animal, head and epimeron. Scale for habitus represents 1 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.