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FIGURE 4 in A taxonomic review of the coastal genus Iotarphia Cameron (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) with a description of new species based on morphological and molecular characters
FIGURE 4. Iotarphia magna sp. n.: (a) antenna; (b) right elytron, dorsal view; (c) meso- and metaventrites, ventral view; (d) male abdominal tergite VIII, dorsal view; (e) male abdominal sternite VIII, ventral view; (f) female abdominal sternite VIII, ventral view; (g) median lobe, ventral view; (h) median lobe, lateral view; (i) spermatheca, scales = 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 5 in A taxonomic review of the coastal genus Iotarphia Cameron (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) with a description of new species based on morphological and molecular characters
FIGURE 5. Iotarphia rufobrunnea: (a) meso- and metaventrites, ventral view; (b) female abdominal sternite VIII, ventral view; (c) spermatheca, scales = 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 2 in A taxonomic review of the coastal genus Iotarphia Cameron (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) with a description of new species based on morphological and molecular characters
FIGURE 2. Habitus photography. (a) Iotarphia australis Cameron, 2.3 mm; (b) Iotarphia magna Song and Ahn, sp. n., 4.0 mm.
FIGURE 3 in A taxonomic review of the coastal genus Iotarphia Cameron (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) with a description of new species based on morphological and molecular characters
FIGURE 3. Iotarphia australis: (a) antenna; (b) head, dorsal view; (c) meso- and metaventrites, ventral view; (d) male abdominal tergite VIII, dorsal view; (e) male abdominal sternite VIII, ventral view; (f) female abdominal sternite VIII, ventral view; (g) median lobe, ventral view; (h) median lobe, lateral view; (i) spermatheca, scales = 0.1 mm.
Data from: Morphological and molecular diagnostic species characters of Staurozoa (Cnidaria) collected on the coast of Helgoland (German Bight, North Sea)
Scientific knowledge and records on staurozoans are limited probably because of their inconspicuous life habit and the small number of specialists for this taxon. To increase the awareness for Staurozoa, we identified morphological and molecular features of the three staurozoan species Haliclystus tenuis Kishinouye, 1910, Haliclystus auricula Clark, 1863, and Craterolophus convolvulus (Johnston, 1835) collected on the coast of the island Helgoland to evaluate their suitability as diagnostic characters. Useful macromorphological diagnostic features were the patterns of white spots of nematocysts and internal arm structures, whereas tentacle and gonad follicle numbers showed high intraspecific variations. Morphometric measurements on photographs of living specimens provided reliable data for interspecific comparisons. Comprehensive nematocyst analyses revealed interspecific shape differences of isorhizas and three types of rhopaloids, indicating that the staurozoan cnidome is more diverse than previously assumed. However, the taxonomic value of nematocyst analyses in Staurozoa remains unclear because comprehensive data is still lacking for most species. Comparative molecular genetic sequence analyses of mitochondrial 16S and COI and nuclear 18S ribosomal DNA identified the three species and confirmed their morphological identification. In comparison to published data, our analyses indicate similarities between H. auricula and Haliclystus antarcticus Pfeffer, 1889. Proteomic fingerprinting by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) differentiated all three species, suggesting that this technique could provide an alternative rapid identification method for staurozoans.
FIGURE 5 in Neverita delessertiana (Récluz in Chenu, 1843): a naticid species (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda) distinct from Neverita duplicata (Say, 1822) based on molecular data, morphological characters, and geographical distribution
FIGURE 5: A: Size ratios (height/width) of 181 specimens of Neverita duplicata and 97 specimens of Neverita delessertiana from Massachusetts to Honduras (for localities see Table 2). The ratios range from 0.63 to 1.13 for N. duplicata and from 0.74 to 1.01 for N. delessertiana. B: The averages of the size ratios are 0.85 ± 0.006 (SEM) for N. duplicata and 0.90 ± 0.005 (SEM) for N. delessertiana (P <0.0001, nonparametric twotailed ttest).
FIGURE 4 in Neverita delessertiana (Récluz in Chenu, 1843): a naticid species (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda) distinct from Neverita duplicata (Say, 1822) based on molecular data, morphological characters, and geographical distribution
FIGURE 4: Typical shells of Neverita duplicata (AC), and Neverita delessertiana (DF). The umbilical areas are shown enlarged in C and F. The ridge (keel) within the umbilical channel (closed arrows in D and F) of N. delessertiana is present in all specimens investigated. Additionally, the shape of the umbilical callus often differs between the two species [open arrows in C and F]. The callus of N. delessertiana in most specimens is more triangular (F) while that of N. duplicata is more rounded (C).
FIGURE 11 in The Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Giglio Island (Tuscany, Italy): Shell characters, live animals, and a molecular analysis of egg masses
FIGURE 11: Naticid egg masses collected on Giglio Island. A/a, Neverita josephinia (Campese Bay); B/b, probably Tectonatica rizzae (Pt. delle Secche); C/c, Notocochlis dillwynii (Pt. delle Secche); D/d, Notocochlis dillwynii (Cala dell´Allume); E/e, Notocochlis dillwynii (Fenaio); F/f, Tectonatica sagraiana (Campese Bay); G/g, Naticarius hebraeus (Pt. del Morto); H-I, egg capsules in egg masses of T. sagraiana (10 days old); J-K, egg capsules in egg masses of N. josephinia (1 day old).
FIGURE 7 in The Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Giglio Island (Tuscany, Italy): Shell characters, live animals, and a molecular analysis of egg masses
FIGURE 7: Photos of the holotype of Natica sagraiana Orbigny, 1842 (A–C, F), held at the Natural History Museum, London, BM(NH)#1854.10.4.228, including its labels (G, H), and figured specimen (D, E) of Natica sagraiana Orbigny, 1842 (Orbigny in Sagra 1842, Mollusques, vol. 2, pl. 17, page 34). A, apertual view; B, dorsal view; C, umbilical view; F, apical view; G, BM(NH) label of holotype; H, original labels of Orbigny, indicating the type locality to be Cuba. The figured specimen (D, E) appears to represent the holotype (A-C, F). Scale bars represent 0.5 cm.
FIGURE 3 in The Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Giglio Island (Tuscany, Italy): Shell characters, live animals, and a molecular analysis of egg masses
FIGURE 3: Photos of all egg masses used for molecular analysis (see Figure 1) in this study. For details concerning collection sites and the sequences amplified see Table 2. The pictures were taken immediately after the collars has been collected. DNA samples from egg masses were marked with C followed by a reference number when DNA was extracted directly from an egg mass; they were marked with L followed by a reference number if DNA extraction was performed from hatched larvae. Scale bars represent 0.5 cm.
FIGURE 2 in The Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Giglio Island (Tuscany, Italy): Shell characters, live animals, and a molecular analysis of egg masses
FIGURE 2: Apertual views of all adult naticid specimens used for molecular analysis (see Figure 1) in this study. For more details concerning collection sites and the sequences amplified see Table 2. Scale bars represent 0.5 cm.
FIGURE 10 in The Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Giglio Island (Tuscany, Italy): Shell characters, live animals, and a molecular analysis of egg masses
FIGURE 10: A, Payraudeautia intricata (Donovan, 1804); B, Neverita josephinia (Risso, 1826). Further details as in Figure 3. Scale bars represent 0.5 cm.
FIGURE 8 in The Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Giglio Island (Tuscany, Italy): Shell characters, live animals, and a molecular analysis of egg masses
FIGURE 8: A, Tectonatica sagraiana (Orbigny, 1842); B, Tectonatica rizzae (Philippi, 1844). Further details as in Figure 3. Scale bars represent 0.5 cm.
FIGURE 9 in The Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Giglio Island (Tuscany, Italy): Shell characters, live animals, and a molecular analysis of egg masses
FIGURE 9: A, Euspira nitida (Donovan, 1804); B, Euspira macilenta (Philippi, 1844). Further details as in Figure 3. Scale bars represent 0.5 cm.
FIGURE 4 in The Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Giglio Island (Tuscany, Italy): Shell characters, live animals, and a molecular analysis of egg masses
FIGURE 4: Schematic map of Giglo Island, Grosseto County, Tuscany, Italy (42°21.000´´N 10°54.000´´E), including all collecting sites with naticid occurence: 1, Campese Bay; 2, Pt. del Faraglione; 3, Pt. delle Secche; 4, Cala dell´Allume; 5, Pt. del Corvo; 6, Pt. del Morto; 7, Pt. della Campana; 8, Cannelle Bay; 9,´Swiss House´; 10, Pt. del Fenaio. Pure shallow sandy sites are Campese Bay, Pt. del Faraglione, and Canelle Bay, while the remaining sites are bluffs with rocks, coarse sand flats, and sea weeds. The circular charts show the material (A, living specimens; E, egg masses; S, empty shells) collected at each site in a qualitative manner. N. dillwynii is distributed widest. Collected egg masses listed here were included in the molecular analysis.
FIGURE 6 in The Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Giglio Island (Tuscany, Italy): Shell characters, live animals, and a molecular analysis of egg masses
FIGURE 6: A, Naticarius hebraeus (Martyn, 1786); B, Notocochlis dillwynii (Payraudeau, 1826). Further details as in Figure 3. Scale bars represent 0.5 cm.
FIGURE 1 in The Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Giglio Island (Tuscany, Italy): Shell characters, live animals, and a molecular analysis of egg masses
FIGURE 1: Phylogenetic tree based on an analysis of the entire data set (H3, COI, 16S, and 18S sequences) of all specimens listed in Table 2. The phylogenetic model (GTR+I+G) was estimated by MrModeltest (Nylander 2004) performed with Paup*4.0b10 (Swofford 2003). Protein coding data sets were coded as "CODON". Based on different base compositions (chi-square test) in each of the single data sets, all parameters were defined as unlinked. Paup*4.0b10 tree characteristics: RI=0.851, CI=0.579. 325 positions were parsimony-informative, 76 were parsimony-uninformative, and 1141 were constant (1542 bp). Tonna cerevisina (Hedley, 1919) and Cypraea annulus (Linnaeus, 1758) were used as outgroup.
FIGURE 5 in The Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Giglio Island (Tuscany, Italy): Shell characters, live animals, and a molecular analysis of egg masses
FIGURE 5: A, Sparsely dotted form of Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791); B, Naticarius stercusmuscarum (Gmelin, 1791). All specimens are shown in four standardized views (dorsal, apertural, apical, umbilical) as well as alive. The pictures of living specimens were taken in an aquarium with a black bottom. Scale bars represent 0.5 cm.
FIGURE 4 in Aegla manuinflata, a new species of freshwater anomuran (Decapoda: Anomura: Aeglidae) from Brazil, determined by morphological and molecular characters
FIGURE 4. Maximum-likelihood tree, including Aegla manuinflata, in relation to the other species studied by Pérez- Losada et al. (2004). A. manuinflata 1, 2 = Taquara stream; A. manuinflata 3, 4 = Itaimbé stream; A. manuinflata 5, 6 = Água Negra stream.
FIGURE 2. Aegla manuinflata n in Aegla manuinflata, a new species of freshwater anomuran (Decapoda: Anomura: Aeglidae) from Brazil, determined by morphological and molecular characters
FIGURE 2. Aegla manuinflata n. sp. a: male holotype (UFRGS 4438H), dorsal view; b: pre-cervical portion of carapace, side view; c: ischium of cheliped, ventral view; d: third and fourth sterna, ventral view; e: second abdominal epimeron.
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