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FIGURE 5 in Description of a new species of Niphargus (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Niphargidae): the first record of a lake ecomorph in the Carpathian Mountains

FIGURE 5. Niphargus mirocensis, sp. n., female 17.95 mm (holotype), Rakin ponor: plpII=plepopod II; T=telson; upI– upIII=uropods i–III.

FIGURE 3 in Description of a new species of Niphargus (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Niphargidae): the first record of a lake ecomorph in the Carpathian Mountains

FIGURE 3. Niphargus mirocensis, sp. n., female 17.95 mm (holotype), Rakin ponor: gI–II=gnathopods I–II.

FIGURE 2 in Description of a new species of Niphargus (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Niphargidae): the first record of a lake ecomorph in the Carpathian Mountains

FIGURE 2. Niphargus mirocensis, sp. n., female 17.95 mm (holotype), Rakin ponor. Head and pleosoma I–III are digitally positioned on a drawing, compared with a real holotype. Holotype`s left ppV (damaged) is reconstructed based on the right ppV from the same specimen.

FIGURE 1 in Description of a new species of Niphargus (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Niphargidae): the first record of a lake ecomorph in the Carpathian Mountains

FIGURE 1. Distribution map of cave lake ecomorphs belonging to two major clades on Balkan Peninsula. Symbols indicate clade affiliation; closed circles for "Northern orcinus group ", triangles for "Southern orcinus group" and red circles for newly described species. Note a long distance between N. mirocensis sp. n. and species from the same phylogenetic lineage (400 km) and N. mirocensis sp. n. and closest representative of cave lake ecomorphs (280 km). Data were obtained from SubBio database (http://subbio.net/db/).

FIGURE 7 in Description of a new species of Niphargus (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Niphargidae): the first record of a lake ecomorph in the Carpathian Mountains

FIGURE 7. Phylogenetic relationships as inferred from Bayesian analysis. Color of nodes indicates range of posterior probabilities (Black circles = 1, gray circles = 0.95–0.99, white circles = 0.90–.94). Clade with focal N. mirocensis sp. n. is indicated.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2024View details →

Vulnerable but not equal: mountain lakes exhibit heterogeneous patterns of phytoplankton responses to climate change

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opennotspecifiedAug 2011View details →

Subspecies and Distribution. S. s. scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 — W Europe, from Denmark, Germany, Poland, and Czech Republic to N Italy and N Iberian Peninsula; possibly also Albania. The taxonomic status of animals in Austria, Switzerland, Slovenia, and Slovakia is unclear but presumably these populations are included in scrofa, as are the populations of Sweden, Finland, and the Baltic states. However, restocking of once depleted populations, for example in Italy, has likely involved the introduction and mixing of this subspecies with other subspecies, such as attila. S. s. affinis Gray, 1847 — S India and Sri Lanka. S. s. algirus Loche, 1867 — Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, on the coastal side of the mountains or in the low montane areas. S. s. attila Thomas, 1912 — Hungary, Ukraine, C & S Belarus, Romania, Moldova, and S Russia towards the N flank of the Caucasus, but not including the Transcaucasian countries of Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The range possibly extends as far S as the Mesopotamian Delta in Iraq, in which case it would likely include W & SW Iran, and possibly E Turkey and Syria, where it borders with lybicus. Such a range could not be easily reconciled with a statement by Groves that "the difference between pigs from N and S of the Caucasus is quite striking; Transcaucasian boars are certainly not attila." This subspecies may also extend into C Asia and include Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, but no data exist to support this. S. s. baeticus Thomas, 1912 — originally described from Coto Donana, S Spain, and later merged with meridionalis; also S Portugal. Unless evidence is found that these Italian and Iberian populations are the relics of a much larger formerly contiguous range, this subspecies should be kept as distinct. S. s. coreanus Heude, 1897 — Korean Peninsula. S. s. eristatus Wagner, 1839 — Himalayas S to C India and E to Indochina (N of the Kra Isthmus). S. s. davidi Groves, 1981 — the arid zone from E Iran to Gujarat, including Pakistan and NW India, and perhaps N to Tajikistan. S. s. leucomystax Temminck, 1842 — main Is ofJapan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Nakadori, Hiburijima, Tojima, Kushima, and other smaller Is). S. s. lybicus Gray, 1868 — Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, Syria, Jordan, Israel, Palestine, in the past also in Lybia, and Egypt. The former Yugoslavia was included in its range, which would suggest that now Slovenia, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Kosovo are within the range of this subspecies, although the exact boundaries are unclear. Pigs from Albania have been assigned to S. s. scrofa. S. s. majori De Beaux & Festa, 1927 — C & S Italian Peninsula. S. s. menidionalis Forsyth Major, 1882 — Corsica and Sardinia, with the proviso that the two populations are very likely to be introduced or feral. S. s. moupinensis Milne-Edwards, 1871 — China, S to Vietnam and W to Sichuan. S. s. nigripes Blanford, 1875 — the flanks of the Tianshan mountains in Kyrgyzstan and NW China (Xinjiang). An animal photographed in NE Iran (Golestan) looked like this subspecies. S. s. nukiuanus Kuroda, 1924 — Iriomote, Ishigaki, Okinawa, Tokunoshima, Amamioshima, and Kakerome Is in the Ryukyu chain in extreme S Japan, though some of these populations have hybridized with introduced domesticates. S. s. sibiricus Staffe, 1922 — Mongolia and Transbaikal (S & E of Lake Baikal). S. s. tawvanus Swinhoe, 1863 — Taiwan. S. s. ussuricus Heude, 1888 — far E Russia and the Manchurian region (China). Korean populations were previously included in this subspecies, but based on new evidence, the Korean taxon seems more similar to moupinensis. S. s. vittatus Boie, 1828 — Malay Peninsula, S of the Isthmus of Kra, the offshore islands of Terutai and Langkawi, Sumatra, Riau Archipelago, Java, Bali, and a range of smaller islands around these, including Babi, Bakong, Batam, Bawean, Bengkalis, Bintan, Bulan, Bunguran, Cuyo, Deli, Durian, Enggano, Galang, Jambongan, Karimon (Riau Is), Kundur, Lagong, Laut, Lingga, Lingung, Mapor, Moro Kecil, North Pagai, Nias, Panaitan, Payong, Penang, Pinie, Rupat, Siantan, Siberut, Simeulue, Singkep, Sugi, Sugi Bawa, Telibon, Tinggi, Tuangku, and the Tambelan Is. This species was originally present from the British Is in the extreme W, through Eurasia from S Scandinavia to S Siberia, extending as far E as Korea and Japan, and SE into some of the Sunda Is and Taiwan. In the S the species ranged along the Nile Valley to Khartoum, and N of the Sahara in Africa, more orless following the continental coasts of S, E, and SE Asia. Within this range it was absent only from extremely dry deserts, e.g. the driest regions of Mongolia and in China W of Sichuan; and alpine zones, such as the high altitudes of Pamir and Tien Shan. In recent centuries, the range of S. scrofa has changed dramatically because of hunting and changes in available habitat. The species disappeared from the British Is in the 17" century, from Denmark in the 19" century, and was greatly reduced in range and numbers in the 20" century from areas as distant as Tunisia, Sudan, Germany, and Russia. Following these severe declines, there were some slight population recoveries in Russia, Italy, Spain, and Germany in the mid-20™ century, and natural and assisted range expansions in Denmark and Sweden. The species has also been inadvertently reintroduced in various locations in the Great Britain via escapees of mixed origin from commercial farming enterprises. Ex-S. scrofa stocks also occur as introduced feral populations in various other parts of the world, including Australia, New Zealand, the eastern Malay Archipelago, and in North, Central, and South America. In all of these areas they are now generally recognized as a major pest. in Suidae

Subspecies and Distribution. S. s. scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 — W Europe, from Denmark, Germany, Poland, and Czech Republic to N Italy and N Iberian Peninsula; possibly also Albania. The taxonomic status of animals in Austria, Switzerland, Slovenia, and Slovakia is unclear but presumably these populations are included in scrofa, as are the populations of Sweden, Finland, and the Baltic states. However, restocking of once depleted populations, for example in Italy, has likely involved the introduction and mixing of this subspecies with other subspecies, such as attila. S. s. affinis Gray, 1847 — S India and Sri Lanka. S. s. algirus Loche, 1867 — Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, on the coastal side of the mountains or in the low montane areas. S. s. attila Thomas, 1912 — Hungary, Ukraine, C & S Belarus, Romania, Moldova, and S Russia towards the N flank of the Caucasus, but not including the Transcaucasian countries of Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The range possibly extends as far S as the Mesopotamian Delta in Iraq, in which case it would likely include W & SW Iran, and possibly E Turkey and Syria, where it borders with lybicus. Such a range could not be easily reconciled with a statement by Groves that "the difference between pigs from N and S of the Caucasus is quite striking; Transcaucasian boars are certainly not attila." This subspecies may also extend into C Asia and include Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, but no data exist to support this. S. s. baeticus Thomas, 1912 — originally described from Coto Donana, S Spain, and later merged with meridionalis; also S Portugal. Unless evidence is found that these Italian and Iberian populations are the relics of a much larger formerly contiguous range, this subspecies should be kept as distinct. S. s. coreanus Heude, 1897 — Korean Peninsula. S. s. eristatus Wagner, 1839 — Himalayas S to C India and E to Indochina (N of the Kra Isthmus). S. s. davidi Groves, 1981 — the arid zone from E Iran to Gujarat, including Pakistan and NW India, and perhaps N to Tajikistan. S. s. leucomystax Temminck, 1842 — main Is ofJapan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Nakadori, Hiburijima, Tojima, Kushima, and other smaller Is). S. s. lybicus Gray, 1868 — Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, Syria, Jordan, Israel, Palestine, in the past also in Lybia, and Egypt. The former Yugoslavia was included in its range, which would suggest that now Slovenia, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Kosovo are within the range of this subspecies, although the exact boundaries are unclear. Pigs from Albania have been assigned to S. s. scrofa. S. s. majori De Beaux & Festa, 1927 — C & S Italian Peninsula. S. s. menidionalis Forsyth Major, 1882 — Corsica and Sardinia, with the proviso that the two populations are very likely to be introduced or feral. S. s. moupinensis Milne-Edwards, 1871 — China, S to Vietnam and W to Sichuan. S. s. nigripes Blanford, 1875 — the flanks of the Tianshan mountains in Kyrgyzstan and NW China (Xinjiang). An animal photographed in NE Iran (Golestan) looked like this subspecies. S. s. nukiuanus Kuroda, 1924 — Iriomote, Ishigaki, Okinawa, Tokunoshima, Amamioshima, and Kakerome Is in the Ryukyu chain in extreme S Japan, though some of these populations have hybridized with introduced domesticates. S. s. sibiricus Staffe, 1922 — Mongolia and Transbaikal (S & E of Lake Baikal). S. s. tawvanus Swinhoe, 1863 — Taiwan. S. s. ussuricus Heude, 1888 — far E Russia and the Manchurian region (China). Korean populations were previously included in this subspecies, but based on new evidence, the Korean taxon seems more similar to moupinensis. S. s. vittatus Boie, 1828 — Malay Peninsula, S of the Isthmus of Kra, the offshore islands of Terutai and Langkawi, Sumatra, Riau Archipelago, Java, Bali, and a range of smaller islands around these, including Babi, Bakong, Batam, Bawean, Bengkalis, Bintan, Bulan, Bunguran, Cuyo, Deli, Durian, Enggano, Galang, Jambongan, Karimon (Riau Is), Kundur, Lagong, Laut, Lingga, Lingung, Mapor, Moro Kecil, North Pagai, Nias, Panaitan, Payong, Penang, Pinie, Rupat, Siantan, Siberut, Simeulue, Singkep, Sugi, Sugi Bawa, Telibon, Tinggi, Tuangku, and the Tambelan Is. This species was originally present from the British Is in the extreme W, through Eurasia from S Scandinavia to S Siberia, extending as far E as Korea and Japan, and SE into some of the Sunda Is and Taiwan. In the S the species ranged along the Nile Valley to Khartoum, and N of the Sahara in Africa, more orless following the continental coasts of S, E, and SE Asia. Within this range it was absent only from extremely dry deserts, e.g. the driest regions of Mongolia and in China W of Sichuan; and alpine zones, such as the high altitudes of Pamir and Tien Shan. In recent centuries, the range of S. scrofa has changed dramatically because of hunting and changes in available habitat. The species disappeared from the British Is in the 17" century, from Denmark in the 19" century, and was greatly reduced in range and numbers in the 20" century from areas as distant as Tunisia, Sudan, Germany, and Russia. Following these severe declines, there were some slight population recoveries in Russia, Italy, Spain, and Germany in the mid-20™ century, and natural and assisted range expansions in Denmark and Sweden. The species has also been inadvertently reintroduced in various locations in the Great Britain via escapees of mixed origin from commercial farming enterprises. Ex-S. scrofa stocks also occur as introduced feral populations in various other parts of the world, including Australia, New Zealand, the eastern Malay Archipelago, and in North, Central, and South America. In all of these areas they are now generally recognized as a major pest.

opennotspecifiedMar 2013View details →

Subspecies and Distribution. A. g. geoffroyi Kuhl, 1820 — S & SE Nicaragua (coastal region around San Juan del Norte or Martina Bay, probably ranging across the lowlands to the vicinity of Lake Managua and Lake Nicaragua on the Pacific coast); possibly in N Costa Rica. A. g. azuerensis Bole, 1937 — SC Panama, known only from the forested mountains of the W side of the Azuero Peninsula (Veraguas Province) in the vicinity of Ponuga, where it appears to be isolated; it may also occur to the W along the Pacific coastto the Burica Peninsula, near the Panamanian and Costa Rican border. A. g. frontatus Gray, 1842 — N & W Nicaragua and NW Costa Rica. A. g. grisescens Gray, 1866 — S Panama along the Pacific coast in the valley of the Rio Tuyra and SE through the Serrania del Sapo of extreme SE Panama into the Cordillera de Baudo of NW Colombia. A. g. ornatus Gray, 1871 — C & E Costa Rica, and Panama (from Chiriqui Province to the Serrania de San Blas E of the Canal Zone). A. g. vellerosus Gray, 1866 — E & SE Mexico (E San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, Tabasco, E Oaxaca, and Chiapas states), Guatemala (including the highlands), El Salvador, and Honduras (along the N coastto the lowlands of La Mosquitia in Gracias a Dios Department). A. g. yucatanensis Kellogg & Goldman, 1944 — SE Mexico (forests of the Yucatan Peninsula), NE Guatemala, and adjoining parts of Belize; intergrading in S Mexico (Campeche State) and Guatemala with vellerosus. in Atelidae

Subspecies and Distribution. A. g. geoffroyi Kuhl, 1820 — S & SE Nicaragua (coastal region around San Juan del Norte or Martina Bay, probably ranging across the lowlands to the vicinity of Lake Managua and Lake Nicaragua on the Pacific coast); possibly in N Costa Rica. A. g. azuerensis Bole, 1937 — SC Panama, known only from the forested mountains of the W side of the Azuero Peninsula (Veraguas Province) in the vicinity of Ponuga, where it appears to be isolated; it may also occur to the W along the Pacific coastto the Burica Peninsula, near the Panamanian and Costa Rican border. A. g. frontatus Gray, 1842 — N & W Nicaragua and NW Costa Rica. A. g. grisescens Gray, 1866 — S Panama along the Pacific coast in the valley of the Rio Tuyra and SE through the Serrania del Sapo of extreme SE Panama into the Cordillera de Baudo of NW Colombia. A. g. ornatus Gray, 1871 — C & E Costa Rica, and Panama (from Chiriqui Province to the Serrania de San Blas E of the Canal Zone). A. g. vellerosus Gray, 1866 — E & SE Mexico (E San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, Tabasco, E Oaxaca, and Chiapas states), Guatemala (including the highlands), El Salvador, and Honduras (along the N coastto the lowlands of La Mosquitia in Gracias a Dios Department). A. g. yucatanensis Kellogg & Goldman, 1944 — SE Mexico (forests of the Yucatan Peninsula), NE Guatemala, and adjoining parts of Belize; intergrading in S Mexico (Campeche State) and Guatemala with vellerosus.

opennotspecifiedJan 2022View details →

FIGURES 15–20. Mallomonas voloshkoae and M. pechlaneri. TEM images. FIGURES 15–18 in Mallomonas voloshkoae sp. nov. (Synurales, Chrysophyceae) and distribution of M. pechlaneri in mountain lakes of Siberia

FIGURES 15–20. Mallomonas voloshkoae and M. pechlaneri. TEM images. FIGURES 15–18. Mallomonas voloshkoae sp. nov. Body scales from different habitats. Figure 15. Unnamed lake 1. Figure 16. Unnamed lake 2. Figure 17. Unnamed lake 3. Figure 18. Lake Frolikha. FIGURES 19–20. Mallomonas pechlaneri. Figure 19. Scales with bristles from Teletskoe Lake. Figure 20. Scales with bristles from Ilchir Lake. Scale bars: Figs 15–20: 2 μm.

opennotspecifiedJan 2022View details →

FIGURES 2–14 in Mallomonas voloshkoae sp. nov. (Synurales, Chrysophyceae) and distribution of M. pechlaneri in mountain lakes of Siberia

FIGURES 2–14. Mallomonas voloshkoae sp. nov., scales from the type habitat. Figures 2–5. Body scales, SEM. Figure 6. Bottom surface of a scale. Note the base-plate pores covering the area in the angle of the V-rib and posterior flanges. Figures 7–9. Body scales, TEM. Figures 10–11. Body scales with bristles, TEM. Figures 12–13. Bristles, SEM. Figure 14. Tips of two bristles, SEM. Scale bars: Figs 7–11: 2 μm; Fig. 2, 4–6, 12–14: 1 μm Fig. 3: 0.5 μm.

opennotspecifiedAug 2011View details →

Distribution. Extreme SW Uganda, W Rwanda and E DR Congo (North Kivu province, where restricted to the forested mountains from the Virunga volcanoes north along the W side of Lake Edward). in Bovidae

Distribution. Extreme SW Uganda, W Rwanda and E DR Congo (North Kivu province, where restricted to the forested mountains from the Virunga volcanoes north along the W side of Lake Edward).

opennotspecifiedJun 2015View details →

Subspecies and Distribution. P c. carmelitae Thomas, 1898 — New Guinea Central Range, from the Wissel Lakes of Papua, Indonesia, in the W, to mountains of far SE Papua New Guinea in the E. P. c. coccygis Thomas, 1922 — Huon Peninsula Mts, Papua New Guinea. in Phalangeridae

Subspecies and Distribution. P c. carmelitae Thomas, 1898 — New Guinea Central Range, from the Wissel Lakes of Papua, Indonesia, in the W, to mountains of far SE Papua New Guinea in the E. P. c. coccygis Thomas, 1922 — Huon Peninsula Mts, Papua New Guinea.

opennotspecifiedNov 2017View details →

Lophuromys medicaudatus, L. woosnami, and L. luteogaster are in subgenus Kivumys and woosnami species group. Monotypic. Distribution. Endemic to the Albertine Rift, occurring around Lake Kivu in E DR Congo and Rwanda and SW Uganda (Bwindi). Descriptive notes. Head—body 92-112 mm, tail 73-95 mm, ear 15-19 mm, hindfoot 18-23 mm; weight 29-43 g. Similar to other species in subgenus Kivumys, the Western Rift Brush-furred Rat has unspeckled pelage, and tail ¢.85% of head-body length. Dorsum is uniform dark brown-olive, and venter is orange. Females have three pairs of mammae. Habitat. Mountain swamps and mountain forests at elevations of 1850-2500 m. Food and Feeding. The Western Rift Brush-furred Rat is omnivorous; diets contain 30-100% arthropods, mollusks, seeds, and fruits. Breeding. Female Western Rift Brush-furred Rats can have 1-2 embryos. Pregnant females were observed in February, April, and July. Activity patterns. The Western Rift Brush-furred Rat is terrestrial. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCN Red List. The Western Rift Brush-furred Rat has never been found in modified secondary environment and is quite rare. Bibliography. Dieterlen (1976b, 1987 2013g), Kasangaki et al. (2003), Verheyen et al. (1996). in Muridae

Lophuromys medicaudatus, L. woosnami, and L. luteogaster are in subgenus Kivumys and woosnami species group. Monotypic. Distribution. Endemic to the Albertine Rift, occurring around Lake Kivu in E DR Congo and Rwanda and SW Uganda (Bwindi). Descriptive notes. Head—body 92-112 mm, tail 73-95 mm, ear 15-19 mm, hindfoot 18-23 mm; weight 29-43 g. Similar to other species in subgenus Kivumys, the Western Rift Brush-furred Rat has unspeckled pelage, and tail ¢.85% of head-body length. Dorsum is uniform dark brown-olive, and venter is orange. Females have three pairs of mammae. Habitat. Mountain swamps and mountain forests at elevations of 1850-2500 m. Food and Feeding. The Western Rift Brush-furred Rat is omnivorous; diets contain 30-100% arthropods, mollusks, seeds, and fruits. Breeding. Female Western Rift Brush-furred Rats can have 1-2 embryos. Pregnant females were observed in February, April, and July. Activity patterns. The Western Rift Brush-furred Rat is terrestrial. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCN Red List. The Western Rift Brush-furred Rat has never been found in modified secondary environment and is quite rare. Bibliography. Dieterlen (1976b, 1987 2013g), Kasangaki et al. (2003), Verheyen et al. (1996).

opennotspecifiedJul 2018View details →

FIGURES 17–20. Gomphonema bigutianchnensis. SEM, internal views. Fig. 17 in One new Gomphonema Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta) species from a high mountain lake in Yunnan Province, China

FIGURES 17–20. Gomphonema bigutianchnensis. SEM, internal views. Fig. 17 Entire valve view showing distinct central nodule and striae. Scale bar = 2 μm. Fig. 18 Headpole with distinct helictoglossa and small pseudoseptum at apex. Scale bar = 1 μm. Fig. 19 Central portion of the valve show central nodule with recurved proximal raphe ends and slit-like stigma opening. Scale bar = 1 μm. Fig. 20 Footpole with prominent helictoglossa and small pseudoseptum at the apex. Structure of the apical pore field is seen just beyond the pseudoseptum. Scale bar = 1 μm.

opennotspecifiedJul 2018View details →

FIGURES 13–16. Gomphonema bigutianchnensis. SEM, external views. Fig. 13 Entire valve view showing c in One new Gomphonema Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta) species from a high mountain lake in Yunnan Province, China

FIGURES 13–16. Gomphonema bigutianchnensis. SEM, external views. Fig. 13 Entire valve view showing c-shaped areolae, undulate raphe and round stigma opening. Scale bar = 3 μm. Fig. 14 View of the headpole with distal raphe end curved on the valve mantle and striae continuous around the headpole. Scale bar = 1 μm. Fig. 15 Central portion of the valve showing proximal raphe ends and rounded stigma opening. Scale bar = 1 μm. Fig. 16 Footpole with c-shaped areolae and apical pore field porelli physically separated from areolae and morphologically distinct from the areolae. Scale bar = 1 μm.

opennotspecifiedJul 2018View details →

FIGURES 1–12 in One new Gomphonema Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta) species from a high mountain lake in Yunnan Province, China

FIGURES 1–12. Gomphonema bigutianchnensis, Light microscopy, valve views showing size diminution series for the species. Fig. 1 is the holotype. Scale bar = 10 μm for all images.

FIGURES 29–34. Cymbella pamirensis SEM. 29 in Cymbella pamirensis sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae) from an alpine lake in the Pamir Mountains, Northwestern China

FIGURES 29–34. Cymbella pamirensis SEM. 29. Valve in external view. 30. Close-up on apex in external view. 31. Close-up on proximal raphe endings in external view. 32. Valve in internal view. 33. Close-up on central area in internal view, note the three stigmata visible as elongated furrows connected to the striae (arrows) and the discontinuous stria interposed at mid-valve. 34. Close-up on apex in internal view showing the distal raphe fissure ending in helictoglossae and the apical pore field. Scale bars: 10 μm in Figs 29 and 32; 3 μm in Figs 30, 31 and 33; 2 μm in Fig. 34.

FIGURE 1 in Cymbella pamirensis sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae) from an alpine lake in the Pamir Mountains, Northwestern China

FIGURE 1. Locations of Lake Sate Baile Dikuli in the Pamir Mountains in western China and of the coring site.

FIGURES 2–28 in Cymbella pamirensis sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae) from an alpine lake in the Pamir Mountains, Northwestern China

FIGURES 2–28. Cymbella pamirensis. Light micrographs showing variation in size and valve outline. Scale bar: 10 μm. In Fig. 6, l represents chord length and h represents sagitta length.

FIGURE 35 in Cymbella pamirensis sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae) from an alpine lake in the Pamir Mountains, Northwestern China

FIGURE 35. Histograms showing the distributions of morphometric characters of Cymbella pamirensis are shown in the main diagonal of the matrix (n=40). Biplots and the correlation coefficients for each pair of characters are shown below and above the main diagonal, respectively. Measurements are in μm for valve length and width. Stria density is in number of striae per 10 μm. Valve curvature is calculated using the formula k=2h / (l2+h2), see text for details.