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380 results for “pea”
Polarization resolved data of (PEA)2PbI4 single crystal
<p>This dataset includes reflectivity (folder r) and photoluminescence (folder pl) spectra of a single crystal (PEA)2PbI4 measured as a function of the linear polarization of the detected signal. The measurements are carried out at 6K. The number indicated in the file name corresponds to the angle of the half-wave plated used to rotate the linear polarization.</p>
Dopamine mediates the pea aphid wing plasticity
<p><span>Many organisms exhibit phenotypic plasticity, in which developmental processes result in different phenotypes depending on their environmental context. We focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying that environmental response. Pea aphids (<em>Acyrthosiphon</em> <em>pisum</em>) show a wing dimorphism, in which pea aphid mothers produce winged or wingless daughters when exposed to a crowded or low-density environment, respectively. We investigated the role of dopamine in mediating this wing plasticity, motivated by a previous study that found higher dopamine titers in wingless- versus winged-producing aphid mothers. In this study, we found that manipulating dopamine levels in aphid mothers affected the number of winged offspring they produced. Specifically, asexual female adults injected with a dopamine agonist produced a lower percentage of winged offspring, while asexual females injected with a dopamine antagonist produced a higher percentage of winged offspring, matching expectations based on the titer difference. We also found that genes involved in dopamine synthesis, degradation, and signaling were not differentially expressed between wingless- and winged-producing aphids. This result indicates that titer regulation happens in a non-transcriptional manner or that we sampled non-relevant timepoints or tissue. Overall, our work emphasizes that dopamine is an important component of how organisms process information about their environments.</span></p>
Data from: Rapid turnover of a pea aphid superclone mediated by thermal endurance in central Chile
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Dopamine mediates the pea aphid wing plasticity
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Pea aphid winged and wingless males exhibit reproductive, gene expression, and lipid metabolism differences
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Data from: Pea aphid wing plasticity variation has a multigenic basis
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Is there a latitudinal diversity gradient for symbiotic microbes? A case study with sensitive partridge peas
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Limited divergent adaptation despite a substantial environmental cline in wild pea
<p><span><span>Isolation by environment (IBE) is a wide spread phenomenon in nature. It is commonly expected that the degree of differences among environments is proportional to the level of divergence between populations in these environments. Consequentially, it is assumed that species' genetic diversity displays pattern of IBE in the presence of a strong environmental cline if geneflow does not mitigate isolation. We tested this common assumption by analyzing the genetic diversity and demographic history of <i>Pisum fulvum. P. fulvum </i>inhabits very contrasting habitats in the southern Levant and is expected to display only minor migration rates between populations what makes it an ideal test case. Ecogeographic and subpopulation structure was analyzed and compared. Correlation of genetic with environmental distances was calculated to test the effect of IBD and IBE and detect the main drivers of these effects. Historic effective population size was estimated using stairwayplots. Limited overlap of ecogeographic and genetic clustering was observed, and correlation of genetic with environmental distances was statistically significant yet small. We detected a sharp decline of effective population size during the last glacial period. The low degree of IBE <span>may be</span> the result of genetic drift due to the past bottleneck. Our findings contradict the expectation that strong environmental clines cause IBE in the absence of extensive geneflow.</span></span></p>
Raw data : Population Dynamics and Yield Loss Assessment for Pea Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) on Lentil in Morocco
<p>Raw data to describes the population fluctuation of pea aphid over different seasons and their effects on yield loss in Morocco.</p> <p> </p>
Source code for models of floral initiation in pea and gene expression data extracted from published sources
<p>The dataset contains the source code for computational models of a gene network controlling transition to flowering in pea (<em>Pisum sativum</em>). The models were based on ordinary differential equations (ODE) or neural networks. It also includes data on the expression dynamics of genes involved in the network, which was used for model fitting. The expression data was extracted from the following papers: </p> <p>Hecht, V., Laurie, R. E., Schoor, K. Vander, Ridge, S., Knowles, C. L., Liew, L. C., Sussmilch, F. C., et al. (2011). The Pea GIGAS Gene Is a FLOWERING LOCUS T Homolog Necessary for Graft-Transmissible Specification of Flowering but Not for Responsiveness to Photoperiod. 23, 147–161. doi:10.1105/tpc.110.081042</p> <p>Sussmilch, F. C., Berbel, A., Hecht, V., Schoor, K. Vander, Ferrándiz, C., Madueño, F., et al. (2015). Pea VEGETATIVE2 Is an FD Homolog That Is Essential for Flowering and Compound In fl orescence Development. 27, 1046–1060. doi:10.1105/tpc.115.136150</p> <p>The source code of the DEEP software used for parameter optimization in the model fitting can be found in the Gitlab repository (https://gitlab.com/mackoel/deepmethod/-/tree/master).</p> <p>The files are the supplement to the following manuscript, submitted to Frontiers in Genetics:</p> <p>"Dynamical Modeling of the Core Gene Network Controlling Transition to Flowering in <em>Pisum sativum</em>" by Polina Pavlinova, Maria G. Samsonova, and Vitaly V. Gursky.</p> <p>All possible questions can be sent to: Polina Pavlinova (polina.pavlina1004@gmail.com), Vitaly Gursky (gursky@math.ioffe.ru).</p>
Extreme developmental instability is associated with the pea aphid wing plasticity
A key focus of evolutionary developmental biology is on how phenotypic diversity is generated. In particular, both plasticity and developmental instability can contribute to phenotypic variation among genetically identical individuals, but the interactions between the two phenomena and their general fitness impacts are unclear. We discovered a striking example of asymmetry in pea aphids: the presence of wings on one side and the complete or partial absence of wings on the opposite side. We used this asymmetric phenotype to study the connection between plasticity, developmental instability, and fitness. We found that this asymmetry equally affects both sides and thus is a developmental instability; is present in some genetically unique lines but not others and thus has a genetic basis; and has intermediate levels of fecundity, and thus does not necessarily have negative fitness consequences. We conclude that this dramatic asymmetry may arise from incomplete switching between developmental targets, linking plasticity and developmental instability. We posit that what we have observed may be a more widespread phenomenon, occurring across species that routinely produce distinct, alternative phenotypes.
Population genetic structure and classification of cultivated and wild pea (Pisum sp.) based on morphological traits and SSR markers
<p>Pea (<em>Pisum</em> <em>sativum</em> L.) is an important legume crop that is widely grown worldwide for human consumption and livestock feed. Despite extensive studies, the population genetic structure and classification of cultivated and wild pea (<em>Pisum</em> sp.) are remaining controversial. To characterize patterns of genetic and morphological variation and investigate the classification of <em>Pisum</em>, we conducted comprehensive population genetic analyses for 323 accessions from cultivated and wild pea representing three species of <em>Pisum</em> utilizing 34 morphological traits and 87 polymorphic SSR markers. First, we identified three distinct genetic groups among all samples. Group I was primarily composed of <em>Pisum fulvum</em>, <em>Pisum</em> <em>abyssinicum</em> and some wild <em>P. sativum</em> accessions, whereas groups II and III consisted of the two genetic groups under <em>P. sativum </em>representing different geographic distributions of cultivated pea. Analyses of morphological variation revealed significant differences among the three species. Second, among pea germplasms representing eight taxa of <em>Pisum</em>, <em>P. fulvum</em> and <em>P. abyssinicum</em> possessed unique genetic backgrounds and morphological characteristics, corroborating their independent species status. The intraspecific subdivisions of <em>P. sativum</em> described by some authors were not supported in this study, with the exception of several genotypes of <em>P. sativum</em> subsp. <em>elatius</em> that were clustered with <em>P. fulvum</em> and <em>P. abyssinicum</em>. Finally, we confirmed that the Chinese pea germplasm was genetically distinct and could be divided into two genetic groups, each of which included both spring-sowing and autumn-sowing ecotypes. These results provide a robust foundation for understanding pea domestication and the utilization of wild genetic resources of pea.</p>
Prospects for the natural distribution of crop wild-relatives with limited adaptability: The case of the wild pea Pisum fulvum
<p>Plant breeders and conservationists depend on knowledge about the genetic variation of their species of interest. <em>Pisum</em> <em>fulvum</em>, a wild relative of domesticated pea, has attracted attention as a genetic resource for crop improvement, yet little information about its diversity in the wild has been published hitherto. We sampled 15 populations of <em>P. fulvum </em>from Israeli natural habitats and conducted genotyping by sequencing to analyse their genetic diversity and adaptive state. We also attempted to evaluate the species past demography and the prospects of its future reaction to environmental changes. The results suggest that genetic diversity of <em>P. fulvum</em> is low to medium and is distributed between well diverged populations. Surprisingly, with 56 % in the total population, the selfing rate was found to be significantly lower than expected from a species that is commonly assumed to be a predominant selfer. We found a strong genetic bottleneck during the last glacial period and only limited patterns of isolation by distance and environment, which explained 13 % - 18 % of the genetic variation. Despite the weak signatures of genome-wide IBE, 1354 markers were significantly correlated with environmental factors, 1233 of which were located within known genes with a nonsynonymous to synonymous ratio of 0.382. Species distribution modelling depicted an ongoing fragmentation and decreased habitable area over the next 80 years under two different socio-economic pathways. Our results suggest that complex interactions of substantial drift and selection shaped the genome of <em>P. fulvum</em>. Climate change is likely to cause further erosion of genetic diversity in <em>P. fulvum</em>. Systematic ex-situ conservation may be advisable to safeguard genetic variability for future utilization of this species.</p>
Wing plasticity and associated gene expression varies across the pea aphid biotype complex
Developmental phenotypic plasticity is a widespread phenomenon that allows organisms to produce different adult phenotypes in response to different environments. Investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying plasticity has the potential to reveal the precise changes that lead to the evolution of plasticity as a phenotype. Here, we study wing plasticity in multiple host-plant adapted populations of pea aphids as a model for understanding adaptation to different environments within a single species. We describe the wing plasticity response of different 'biotypes' to a crowded environment and find differences within as well as among biotypes. We then use transcriptome profiling to compare a highly plastic pea aphid genotype to one that shows no plasticity and find that the latter exhibits no gene expression differences between environments. We conclude that the loss of plasticity has been accompanied by a loss of differential gene expression and therefore that genetic assimilation has occurred. Our gene expression results generalize previous studies that have shown a correlation between plasticity in morphology and gene expression.
Data from: Expression of additive genetic variance for fitness in a population of partridge pea in two field sites
Despite the importance of adaptation in shaping biological diversity over many generations, little is known about populations' capacities to adapt at any particular time. Theory predicts that a population's rate of ongoing adaptation is the ratio of its additive genetic variance for fitness, VA (W), to its mean absolute fitness, W̅. We conducted a transplant study to quantify W̅ and standing VA (W) for a population of the annual legume Chamaecrista fasciculata in one field site from which we initially sampled it and another site where it does not currently occur naturally. We also examined genotype‐by‐environment interactions, G x E, as well as its components, differences between sites in VA (W) and in rank of breeding values for fitness. The mean fitness indicated population persistence in both sites, and there was substantial VA (W) for ongoing adaptation at both sites. Statistically significant G x E indicated that the adaptive process would differ between sites. We found a positive correlation between fitness of genotypes in the "home" and "away" environments, and G x E was more pronounced as the life cycle proceeds. This study exemplifies an approach to assessing whether there is sufficient VA (W) to support evolutionary rescue in populations that are declining.
Dataset for Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Lodging, Stem Strength, Yield, and Other Important Agronomic Traits in Dry Field Peas, 330 markers, sequences included
<p>Dataset for Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Lodging, Stem Strength, Yield, and Other Important Agronomic Traits in Dry Field Peas, 330 markers, sequences included.</p>
In vitro digestion of protein and starch in sponge cakes formulated with pea (Pisum sativum L.) ingredients
<p>This is the data used for the figures and supplementary information in the following publication:</p> <p>S. Krause, S. Debon, K. Pälchen, R. Jakobi, C. Bonazzi, B. Rega and T. Grauwet, Food Funct., 2022, 13, 3206-3219. DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03601g</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>This study investigated the <em>in vitro </em>digestion of purified pea fractions (protein isolate and starch) in sponge cakes when compared to unrefined pea flour and to the whole wheat flour and purified maize starch commonly used in the food industry. Proteins in the wheat cake were hydrolysed more rapidly than those in cakes made with either pea flour or a combination of pea proteins and purified starch. In absolute terms, however, more readily bioaccessible protein was released from these pea cakes (by around 40%). By contrast, cakes containing wheat flour or maize starch were more susceptible to amylolysis compared to those based on pea starch in the form of the purified ingredient or whole flour. This could be attributed to a higher proportion of amylose and resistant starch in the pea cakes as well as structural characteristics that might have decelerated enzyme-substrate interactions. Interestingly, similar digestion patterns were observed regarding the purified pea ingredients and unrefined whole pea flour. It was therefore concluded that pea ingredients, and particularly the less purified and thus more sustainable whole pea flour, are promising plant-based alternatives for use in gluten-free baked products.</p>
Estimating net carbon balances and greenhouse gas radiative balances of potato and pea crops on a conventional farm in western Canada (Flux and meteorological data)
<p>Data accompanying the paper titled as "Estimating net carbon and greenhouse gas balances of potato and pea crops on a conventional farm in western Canada". Data includes measurements from eddy covariance, chamber, and meteorological sensors. Measurements were mainly conducted in 2018 and 2019, please refer to the paper for the detailed information.</p>
Belowground plant competition: Uncoupling root response strategies of peas
<p>Belowground plant competition was shown to induce varying responses, from increases to decreases in root biomass allocation or in directional root placement. Such inconsistencies could result from the fact that root allocation and directional growth were seldom studied together, even though they might represent different strategies. Moreover, variations in belowground responses might be due to different size hierarchies between plants, but this hypothesis was not studied previously. In a greenhouse rhizobox experiment, we examined the way both root allocation and directional root placement of <em>Pisum sativum</em> are affected by the size and density of <em>Festuca glauca</em> neighbors, and by nutrient distribution. We found that root allocation of <em>P. sativum</em> increased with the density and size of <em>F. glauca</em>. In contrast, directional root placement was unaffected by neighbor size and either increased toward or away from neighbors when nutrients were patchily or uniformly distributed, respectively. These results demonstrate that directional root placement under competition is contingent on the distribution of soil resources. Interestingly, our results suggest that root allocation and directional placement might be uncoupled strategies that simultaneously provide stress tolerance and spatial responsiveness to neighbors, thus highlighting the importance of measuring both when studying belowground plant competition.</p>
Fig. 1 - MSNM i29211 in Short communication A pinnotheroid pea crab (Decapoda, Brachyura, Pinnotheridae), from the early Pliocene of Cassine (Alessandria, Piemonte, NW Italy)
Fig. 1 - MSNM i29211, carapace in dorsal view (x 13).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.