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152 results for “phyllostomid bats”
Reproductive notes of Phyllostomid bats in Ecuador
<p><strong>Reproductive notes of Phyllostomid bats in Ecuador</strong> (data_reproductive bats_ecuador.xlsx). Es el producto de seis estudios ambientales realizados en cinco provincias y seis localidades del Ecuador continental. Los muestreos se realizaron en los años: 2009, 2011, 2013, 2019 y 2020. Esta base de datos se usó para evaluar el estado reproductivo de individuos hembra de murciélagos filostómidos, previa publicación en <em>Ecotrópicos</em>, Revista de la Sociedad Venezolana de Ecología.</p>
Morphological diversity in the sensory system of phyllostomid bats: implications for acoustic and dietary ecology
1. Sensory systems perform fitness-relevant functions, and specialized sensory structures allow organisms to accomplish challenging tasks. However, broad comparative analyses of sensory morphologies and their performance are lacking for diverse mammalian radiations. 2. Neotropical leaf-nosed bats (Phyllostomidae) are one of the most ecologically diverse mammal groups; including a wide range of diets and foraging behaviors, and extreme morphological variation in external sensory structures used in echolocation (nose leaf and pinnae). 3. We coupled 3D geometric morphometrics and acoustic field recordings under a phylogenetic framework to investigate the mechanisms underlying the diversification of external sensory morphologies in phyllostomids, and explored the potential implications of sensory morphological diversity to functional outputs and dietary ecology. 4. We found that the nose leaf consists of two evolutionary modules, spear and horseshoe, suggesting that modularity enabled morphological and functional diversification of this structure. 5. We found a significant association between some aspects of nose leaf shape and maximum frequency and bandwidth of echolocation calls, but not between pinnae shape and echolocation call parameters. This may be explained by the use of multiple sensory modes across phyllostomids and plasticity of some echolocation call parameters. 6. Species with different diets significantly differed in nose leaf shape, specifically in spear breadth, presence of a midrib, and cupping and anterior rotation of the horseshoe. This may relate to different levels of prey type specificity within each diet. Pinnae shape significantly differed between species that consume non-mobile, non-evasive prey (broad rounded, cupped pinnae) and mobile, evasive prey (flattened pinnae with a sharp tapering apex). This may reflect the use of different sound cues to detect prey. 7. Our results give insight into the morphological evolution of external sensory structures in bats, and highlight new links between morphological diversity and ecology.
Figure 5 in Phyllostomid bats distribution and richness gradient in a subtropical Brazilian state
Figure 5. Box plot showing that the species richness predicted for the Serra do Mar is larger than for any other ecoregion of the Santa Catarina. Box plots show medians (vertical line) and each box is bounded by the 25th and 75th percentiles.The horizontal lines extend to the 5th and 95th percentiles. Outliers are indicated by dots. *** p-value <0.001.
Figure 3. Potential distribution for 10 in Phyllostomid bats distribution and richness gradient in a subtropical Brazilian state
Figure 3. Potential distribution for 10 species of phyllostomid bats from Santa Catarina, southern Brazil, generated through the Maxent algorithm and bioclimatic variables.The climate suitability values range from 0 (gray regions on the map) to 1 (red regions on the map). Black dots indicate the ocurrence records used to build the models.
Figure 4 in Phyllostomid bats distribution and richness gradient in a subtropical Brazilian state
Figure 4. Phyllostomid bats richness gradient predicted for Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil, and its association with Protected Areas. The map was obtained by stacking maps of species potential distribution generated through the Maxent algorithm.
Figure 1 in Phyllostomid bats distribution and richness gradient in a subtropical Brazilian state
Figure 1. Santa Catarina state (southern Brazil) and its main ecoregions, according to Olson et al. (2001).
Figure 2. Potential distribution for 10 in Phyllostomid bats distribution and richness gradient in a subtropical Brazilian state
Figure 2. Potential distribution for 10 species of phyllostomid bats from Santa Catarina, southern Brazil, generated through the Maxent algorithm and bioclimatic variables. The climate suitability values range from 0 (gray regions on the map) to 1 (red regions on the map). Black dots indicate the ocurrence records used to build the models.
Fig. 35 in Phylogeny Of Phyllostomid Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Data From Diverse Morphological Systems, Sex Chromosomes, And Restriction Sites
Fig. 35. Closeup dorsal views of a medial circumvallate papilla in A. Noctilio leporinus (AMNH
Fig. 3 in Phylogeny Of Phyllostomid Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera): Data From Diverse Morphological Systems, Sex Chromosomes, And Restriction Sites
Fig. 3. Tree from Wenzel et al. (1966; redrawn from fig. 144) by de la Torre.
Morphological diversity in the sensory system of phyllostomid bats: implications for acoustic and dietary ecology
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Reliable phylogenetic regressions for multivariate comparative data: illustration with the MANOVA and application to the effect of diet on mandible morphology in Phyllostomid bats
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Data from: Functional diversity of phyllostomid bats in an urban-rural landscape: a scale-dependent analysis
<p>Urbanization is one of the most pervasive landscape transformational processes responsible for novel selection agents promoting functional community homogenization. Bats may persist in those human environments, but the mechanisms responsible for their adaptability and the spatial scales in which landscape imposes environmental filtering remain poorly studied in the Neotropics. We tested the hypothesis that landscape composition interacts with the spatial scale to affect the functional diversity of phyllostomids in an urban-rural gradient. Based on functional traits, we calculated indices of functional richness, divergence, evenness, community-weighted means of morphological traits, and classified species into functional groups. We evaluated the changes of those variables in response to forest, grassland, and urbanized areas at 0.5, 1.25 and, 2 km scales. The number of functional groups, functional richness, and functional evenness tended to be higher in areas far from cities and with higher forest cover, whereas functional divergence increased in more urbanized areas. Our results show that the mean value of wing loading in the assemblage was negatively associated to landscape transformation at several spatial scales. However, environmental filtering driven by grass cover was particularly robust at the 500 m scale, affecting big-sized species with long pointed wings. Retaining natural forest in cattle ranging systems at ~12 km<sup>2</sup> appears to favor bat abundance evenness among functional types in the urban-rural landscape. Recognizing the scale of the effect on phyllostomid functional responses appears to be a fundamental issue for elucidating the spatial extent to which phyllostomid conservation planning in urban-rural landscapes should be addressed.</p>
Data from: Habitat fragmentation and the prevalence of parasites (Diptera, Streblidae) on three Phyllostomid bat species
Ectoparasitism in bats seems to be influenced strongly by the type of roost preferred by the hosts, and group size; however, the effect of habitat loss and fragmentation on the prevalence of ectoparasites in bats has scarcely been studied. In northeastern Yucatan, Mexico, we estimated the prevalence of infestation by Streblidae flies in three phyllostomid bat species with different roost preferences (caves, trees, or both) in two types of landscape matrices (tropical semi-deciduous forest and man-made pastures) that differed in area of forest cover and the number of forest fragments. Habitat fragmentation and the presence of a contrasting matrix may limit the availability of roosts (trees) and the movement of bats across the landscape. Accordingly, we hypothesized higher prevalence of Streblidae infestation in the pasture matrix and in the group of bats that roost in trees. Bat abundance was higher in the pasture matrix; however, the prevalence of infestation was significantly higher in the continuous forest matrix and in bats that roosted in caves. The prevalence of some species of Streblidae was affected by habitat fragmentation in species that roost in caves, such as Desmodus rotundus, as well as those using foliage and caves, such as Artibeus jamaicensis. Our results provide evidence that some species of Streblidae may respond differently to habitat fragmentation than their hosts, generating changes to bat-ectoparasite interactions in fragmented areas. Environmental variations involving roosts, not evaluated in this study, may influence our results, since these factors affect ectoparasite abundance and reproduction.
Data for: Reflections of Grinnellian and Eltonian niches on the distribution of phyllostomid bats in Atlantic Forest of South America
<p>Abstract</p> <p><b>Aim: </b>Ecological niches are complex and the product of interactions with biotic and abiotic environments across the entire geographic range of species. One recent distinction is between Grinnellian niche characteristics that reflect influences at large spatial scales such as climate and Eltonian niche characteristics that reflect influences at the local level such as distribution of resources and how they are shared among species. Aims of this research were to estimate Grinnellian and Eltonian niche characteristics of phyllostomid bats distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest, examine degree of phylogenetic non-independence of distribution and niche characteristics, and estimate relative contribution of niche characteristics to distribution of bats across this large Neotropical region.\</p> <p><b>Location: </b>The Atlantic Forest</p> <p>T<b>axon:</b> Phyllostomid bats</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> Canonical correlation analysis was used to characterize association between Grinnellian and Eltonian niche characteristics. Phylogenetic non-independence was estimated with phylogenetic eigenvector regression. Variation partitioning was used to distinguish relative contributions of different niche characteristics to distribution of bats.</p> <p><b>Results: </b> Grinnellian and Eltonian niche characteristics were strongly and significantly associated. Phylogenetic signal was weak for Grinnellian and strong for Eltonian niche characteristics. Both suites accounted for significant unique variation in distribution of phyllostomid bats in the Atlantic Forest. Grinnellian niche characteristics accounted for more than five times the variation in distribution than Eltonian characteristics.</p> <p><b>Main Conclusions: </b> Distinct Grinnellian and Eltonian perspectives on the niche provide valuable insights into the distribution of species. The degree to which these two different set of characteristics account for distribution is likely scale dependent with Grinnellian characteristics more important at geographic spatial scales and Eltonian characteristics more important at local spatial scales. Grinnellian and Eltonian niches are important corollaries of α- and β- niches and their associated traits and similarities and differences in the two distinct concepts should be better explored across different taxa and geographic domains.</p>
Figure 1 in Phyllostomid bats flying in daylight: a case from the Neotropics
Figure 1. Diurnal foraging and drinking activities in phyllostomid non-haematophagous bats in an Amazon Forest remnant, midwest Brazil. (a) Phyllostomus sp. drinking water in a temporary pond on a dirty road inside a forest remnant; (b) Phyllostomus sp. feeding on termites in flight; (c) Artibeus sp. roosting in tree foliage, in the vicinity of a pond; and (d) Dermanura sp. captured in a mist net. Photographs by the authors.
Figure A1 in Gastrointestinal parasites in phyllostomid bats from the Colombian Amazon
Figure A1. Life-cycle stages of parasites. Oocysts of coccidian parasite observed in bat faeces. (A, C) unsporulated oocyst. (B, D) Oocyst with sporozoites, infective phase. (E) Ancylostomatidae egg observed in C. perspicillata. (F) Trichostrongylidae egg found in G. crenulatum.
Figure 3 in Gastrointestinal parasites in phyllostomid bats from the Colombian Amazon
Figure 3. Gastrointestinal parasites found in bats from the Amazon rainforest of Colombia (Caquetá). (A) Unporulated oocysts of coccidian parasites observed in bat faeces. (B) Oocyst with sporozoites, infective phase. (C) Morulating eggs of Trichostrongylidae (Strongylida) found in the faeces of Gardnerycteris crenulatum. (D) Morulating eggs of Anquilostomidae (Strongylida) Carollia brevicauda. Total magnification: 400×.
Figure 2 in Gastrointestinal parasites in phyllostomid bats from the Colombian Amazon
Figure 2. Bat species that contained gastrointestinal parasites in this study: (A) Carollia perspicillata; (B) Carollia brevicauda; (C) Artibeus lituratus; (D) Artibeus planirostris; (E) Gardnerycteris crenulatum.
Figure 4 in Gastrointestinal parasites in phyllostomid bats from the Colombian Amazon
Figure 4. Prevalence and parasite burden of phyllostomid bats from the department of Caquetá, Colombia. (A) Percentage of gastrointestinal-parasite-positive samples in each site. (B) Parasite burden of coccidian oocysts based on McMaster technique in each site. Bats followed by A and T in parentheses represent infection of anquilostomid and trichostrongylid nematodes (Strongylida), respectively. The prevalences were calculated based on the total faecal samples of each site (positive faecal samples × 100/total faecal samples studied in the site). Abbreviations for study sites are as follows: Aguazul, AGZ (0–10 years); Aletones, ALT (0–10 years); Bajo Caldas, BCA (11–20 years); Bella Vista, BVS (>40 years); Lagunilla, LAG (11–20 years); Triunfo, TFO (>40 years).
Figure 1 in Gastrointestinal parasites in phyllostomid bats from the Colombian Amazon
Figure 1. Sampling sites in the Department of Caquetá of the Colombian Amazon. Abbreviations for study sites are as follows: AGZ, Aguazul; ALT, Aletones; BCA, Bajo Caldas; BVS, Bella Vista; LAG, Lagunilla; TFO, Triunfo. Successional stage is represented by colours (0–10 years in orange, 11– 20 years in yellow, and>40 years in green).
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