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163 results for “plant feeding”
Data from: Root inoculation with beneficial soil microbes enhances indirect plant defenses induced by insect feeding and egg deposition
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Herbivory meets fungivory: insect herbivores feed on plant pathogenic fungi for their own benefit
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Data from: Match and mismatch between dietary switches and microbial partners in plant sap-feeding insects
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Flexibilization or biomethane upgrading? Investment preference of German biogas plant operators for the follow-up of guaranteed feed-in tariffs
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Data from: Foliar-feeding insects acquire microbiomes from the soil rather than the host plant
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Data from: Plant fertilization interacts with life history: variation in stoichiometry and performance in nettle-feeding butterflies.
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Data from: Genetic variation in host plants influences the mate preferences of a plant-feeding insect
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Data from: Plants and tortoises: mutations in the Arabidopsis jasmonate pathway increase feeding in a vertebrate folivore
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Data from: Micro- and macroevolutionary trade-offs in plant-feeding insects
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Data from: Risky roots and careful herbivores: Sustained herbivory by a root-feeding herbivore attenuates indirect plant defences
<p><b>Abstract</b></p> <ol> <li>Aboveground plant tissues produce characteristic blends of volatile compounds in response to insect herbivory. These herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) function in plant defence and mediate foraging decisions by herbivores and their natural enemies. The ecological roles of HIPVs as foraging cues for different trophic levels highlight an important conflict for herbivores that need to locate suitable host plants while avoiding competition and predation. </li> </ol> <p> </p> <ol> <li>Plant roots also emit HIPVs following herbivory, but our understanding of root-produced volatiles and their ecological functions in soil environments remains limited. Moreover, recent studies have documented the effects of temporal dynamics of plant volatile production on ecological interactions, but little is known about how root HIPVs change throughout herbivory or the resulting ecological implications from such changes. </li> </ol> <p> </p> <ol> <li>In this study, we examined the roles of HIPVs from roots of cucumber plants (<i>Cucumis sativus</i>) as foraging cues for a specialist herbivore, striped cucumber beetle (<i>Acalymma vittatum</i>) and its natural enemies, entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs). We predicted HIPVs from <i>A. vittatum</i>-damaged roots would attract EPNs, while repelling conspecific larvae that avoid competition, induced plant defences, and increased risk of predation by EPNs. To capture the temporal dynamics of root HIPVs, we determined how HIPV-mediated interactions change over time with sustained herbivory. </li> </ol> <p> </p> <ol> <li>Initially (after 24 h), <i>A. vittatum </i>herbivory on <i>C. sativus</i>, or mechanical wounding, induced greater production of root volatiles. These root HIPVs recruited EPNs and repelled foraging <i>A. vittatum </i>larvae, although larval performance was not affected by prior damage. Sustained (7-day) herbivory by larvae reduced HIPVs to levels indistinguishable from undamaged control roots, while mechanically damaged roots continued to produce higher levels of volatiles. Attenuation of HIPVs impaired indirect defence responses of <i>C. sativus</i> by reducing recruitment of EPNs and deterrence of <i>A. vittatum </i>larvae. </li> </ol> <p> </p> <ol> <li><span>These results suggest that root HIPVs function as honest signals that indicate the presence of herbivores, induction of indirect plant defences, and increased risk of predation by natural enemies. However, some herbivores may overcome this line of plant defence by attenuating production of HIPVs and thus altering the outcomes of subsequent interactions among plants, herbivores, and natural enemies.</span></li> </ol>
Generalised host-plant feeding can hide sterol specialised foraging behaviours in bee-plant interactions
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Host-plant selection is a key factor driving the ecology and evolution of insects. While the majority of phytophagous insects are highly host specific, generalist behaviour is quite widespread among bees and presumably involves physiological adaptations that remain largely unexplored. However floral visitation patterns suggest that generalist bees do not forage randomly on all available resources. While resource availability and accessibility as well as nectar composition have been widely explored, pollen chemistry could also have an impact on the range of suitable host-plants. This study focuses on particular pollen nutrients that cannot be synthesised de novo by insects but are key compounds of cell membranes and the precursor for moulting process: the sterols. We compared the sterol composition of pollen from the main host-plants of three generalist bees: <i>Anthophora plumipes</i>,<i>Colletes cunicularius</i>and <i>Osmia cornuta</i>, as well as one specialist bee <i>Andrena vaga</i>. We also analysed the sterols of their brood cell provisions, the tissues of larvae and non-emerged females to determine which sterols are used by the different species. Our results show that sterols are not used accordingly to foraging strategy: Both the specialist species <i>Andrena vaga</i>and the generalist species <i>Colletes cunicularius</i>might metabolise a rare C<sub>27</sub>sterol, while the two generalist species <i>Anthophora plumipes</i>and <i>Osmia</i><i>cornuta</i>might rather use a very common C<sub>28</sub>sterol. Our results suggest that shared sterolic compounds among plant species could facilitate the exploitation of multiple host-plants by <i>A. plumipes</i>and <i>O. cornuta</i>whereas the generalist <i>C. cunicularius</i>might be more constrained due to its physiological requirements of a more uncommon dietary sterol. Our findings suggest that a bee displaying a generalist foraging behaviour may sometimes hide a sterol-specialised species. This evidence challenges the hypothesis that all generalist free-living bee species are all able to develop on a wide range of different pollen types.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Data from: Feeding evolution of a herbivore influences an arthropod community through plants: implications for plant-mediated eco-evolutionary feedback loop
1. Genetic variation in individual species can have important ecological consequences, and sometimes, these interactions are mediated through another species. For example, genetic variation in an herbivore could alter plant responses that then influence other plant-associated arthropods. However, few systems have experimentally tested the ecological consequences of genetic variation as mediated through other species, especially within the same trophic community context. 2. I studied how evolution of feeding preference in the willow leaf beetle (Plagiodera versicolora), which occurs under selection in a herbivore community context, feeds back to an arthropod community through plant-mediated indirect interactions. Previous studies show beetle populations locally adapt distinct preferences ranging from the gourmet-type, which feeds exclusively on new leaves of willows, to the no-preference (no-pref) type, which displays non-preferential feeding on leaves of different ages. 3. I conducted field experiments at two sites that mimicked evolutionary changes in the feeding preference of the leaf beetle. I manipulated the composition of leaf beetle feeding types for 6 days in spring and then investigated subsequent development of arthropod communities. I found that initial herbivory by a higher proportion of gourmet-type beetles led to lower subsequent abundance of conspecific beetle larvae. In contrast, a higher proportion of gourmet-type beetles resulted in higher abundance of aphids. Aphid-tending ants also increased with the increasing abundance of aphids. As a result, species diversity of arthropod communities decreased with the proportion of gourmet-type beetles in the initial beetle treatment. 4. Community assembly dynamics were significantly influenced by interactive effects between the initial beetle treatment and subsequent colonizer species identities. Thus, beetle genetic variation had long-lasting effects through a temporal chain of indirect interactions likely mediated through induced plant responses and the abundance of aphids. 5. Synthesis. Evolutionary changes in feeding traits within an herbivore species had profound but predictable impact on local arthropod communities. Because the feeding evolution of herbivores nearly always occurs in a community context, plant-mediated feedback loops between the evolution and ecological community of arthropods may be widespread in nature.
Data from: The effect of plant identity and mixed feeding on the detection of seed DNA in regurgitates of carabid beetles
Carabids are abundant in temperate agroecosystems and play a pivotal role as biocontrol agents for weed seed and pest regulation. While there is good knowledge regarding their effects on invertebrate pests, direct evidence for seed predation in the field is missing. Molecular approaches are ideally suited to investigate these feeding interactions; however, the effects of an omnivorous diet, which is characteristic for many carabid species, and seed identity on the detection success of seed DNA has not yet been investigated. In a series of feeding experiments, seeds of six different Central European weed species were fed to beetles of the species Pseudoophonus rufipes, to determine post-feeding seed DNA detection rates and how these are affected by plant identity, meal size and chemical seed composition. Moreover, we investigated the effect of a mixed diet of seed and mealworm on prey DNA detection. Four out of six seed species were detectable for up to five days after consumption and seed species identity significantly affected post-feeding detection rates. Detectability was negatively influenced by protein content and seed mass, whereas oil content and meal size had a positive effect. The mixed diet led to both increased detection rates and post-feeding detection intervals of seed DNA. This suggests that mixed feeding leads to an enhancement of food detection intervals in carabid beetles and that seed identity, their chemical composition and meal size can affect DNA detection of consumed seeds. These aspects and potential implications of this non-invasive approach are discussed as they can become highly relevant for interpreting field derived data.
FIGURE 2. Eotetranychus herbicolus n in Two new plant feeding mites from Brachiaria ruziziensis in citrus groves in São Paulo, Brazil and new distribution records of other plant mites in Brazil
FIGURE 2. Eotetranychus herbicolus n.sp. Dorsal aspect of female.
FIGURES 15–16 in New genera and host plant records of Asteraceaefeeding Tephritidae (Diptera) from Brazil
FIGURES 15–16. Lewinsohnia magna, female habitus: 15, dorsal; 16, lateral.
FIGURES 1–3 in New genera and host plant records of Asteraceaefeeding Tephritidae (Diptera) from Brazil
FIGURES 1–3. Wings: 1, Cipomyia totofusca; 2, Eutretopsis albipunctata; and Lewinsohnia magna.
FIGURE 5 in Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) attacking aphids feeding on Prunoideae and Maloideae crops in Southeast Europe: aphidiine-aphid-plant associations and key
FIGURE 5. Labial palpi of A. transcaspicus Telenga (female).
FIGURES 14–16 in The first description of the leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) feeding on the South American plant genus Liabum, Asteraceae
FIGURES 14–16. Female genitalia of Stigmella serpentina sp. nov., paratype, slide no. AD704.
Fig. 2 in Larval Feeding Behavior of Gratiana spadicea (Klug) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) on its Host Plant, Solanum sisymbriifolium Lamarck (Solanaceae): Interaction with Trichomes
Fig. 2. Characteristics of the stellate trichomes removed by Gratiana spadicea (n ¼ 20 per
Feeding preference of Tuta absoluta on solanaceous host plants under field conditions
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.